196 research outputs found
Racial/ethnic variations in acute stroke: a registry based multiethnic study in New Jersey
No full textThe burden of stroke is well understood for whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States, yet its nature, outcome, and medical care profiles have not been examined for other immigrant groups, including South Asians. Previous studies on gender differences document higher stroke incidence rates for men but worse outcomes for women. Factors related to stroke hospitalization have been shown to include failure to identify symptoms of stoke onset, delay in emergency department arrival or extended waiting time, and lack of insurance coverage. This dissertation asks whether these results can be further understood by examining stroke data among a multiracial/multiethnic cohort. Specifically it asks: (1) whether racial/ethnic-specific risk factors allow the prediction of subtypes of stroke; that is, large versus small vessel stroke, (2) whether total cholesterol and triglyceride levels can be used as predictors of risk for stroke between genders of the different races/ethnicities, and (3) whether access to emergency care and other health services for stroke differ by race/ethnicity and by stroke type. Stroke registry data were obtained from the New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, John F. Kennedy Medical Center. Data on 3,290 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were examined for socio-demographic, stroke risk, clinical and health profile variables. Results showed that South Asians were younger than whites at the time of admission for acute stroke. Gender comparisons revealed that South Asian and Hispanic men had higher proportions of patients with ischemic stroke than women, while the inverse was true for whites and African Americans. Twice as many young patients (18-44 years) suffered hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke. Important predictive factors for stroke outcome included insurance status and use of emergency medical services as a mode of transport to hospitals following stroke symptom recognition. Variations in stroke incidence and outcomes may be partially explained by dietary and life style choices; however consideration must be given to competing morbidity, failure to recognize warning signs for stroke, and failure to use emergency services due to lack of knowledge, language barriers, or lack of insurance. These factors need to be more clearly examined in future studies.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Tefera Gezm
Neither n-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation of mothers through lactation nor of offspring in a complementary food affects child overall or social-emotional development : a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia
No full textBackground: The n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for optimal brain development. There is a lack of evidence on the effect of postnatal n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on child development in low-income countries.
Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation through lactation or complementary food supplementation on the development of children aged 6-24 mo in rural Ethiopia.
Methods: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for 12 mo using fish-oil capsules [maternal intervention: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] or a fish-oil-enriched complementary food supplement (child intervention: 169 mg DHA + 331 mg EPA). In total, 360 pairs of mothers and infants aged 6-12 mo were randomly assigned to 4 arms: maternal intervention and child control, child intervention and maternal control, maternal and child intervention, and maternal and child control. Primary outcomes were overall developmental performance with the use of a culturally adapted Denver II test that assesses personal-social, language, fine-motor, and gross-motor domains and social-emotional developmental performance using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional at baseline and at 6 and 12 mo. We used mixed-effects models to estimate intervention effects on developmental performance over time (intervention x time interaction).
Results: The evolution in overall and social-emotional developmental performance over time did not differ across study arms (intervention x time: F = 1.09, P = 0.35, and F = 0.61, P = 0.61, respectively). Effects did not change after adjustment for child age, birth order, and nutritional status; maternal age and education; wealth; family size; and breastfeeding frequency. Children's developmental performance significantly decreased during study follow-up (beta: -0.03 SDs/mo; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01 SD/mo; P < 0.01).
Conclusions: n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation does not affect overall or social-emotional development of children aged 6-24 mo in a low-income setting. Follow-up of the cohort is recommended to determine whether there are long-term effects of the intervention
Evaluation of arch formamong differentclasses of Angle’smalocclusionson dental cast of orthodontic Patientstreatedinjimma medical centerdental clinic Orthodontic unit , jimma, south westethiopia-2022.
No full textBACKGROUND: The dental arch form evaluation has become an important part of the orthodontic treatment
planning.The way the teeth are aligned on the basal bone determines the archform of an individual. In fact,
theArchform varies between two groups and two individuals of the same group.Differences in the archform are seen
between males and females. Mismatch of archform leads to expansion or contraction of archforms and hence a
relapse of the corrected malocclusion due to functional instability or structural imbalance is a possibility. Evaluating
the archform of an individual plays a key role for an Orthodontist in treatment planning and attaining a greater post
treatment stability.
OBJECTIVES: To asses dental arch form amongdifferent classes of angle’s malocclusions on dental cast of
orthodontic patients treated in jimma medical center dental clinic orthodontic unit,jimma, south west Ethiopia, 2022.
METHODS;A two years hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess arch
form of orthodontic patients in jimma university dental clinic fromFebruary to May 2022.Data was collected by
reviewing the medical record of patients who visited the orthodontic clinic from February 2020 to March 2022.the
dental casts of patients who fulfill inclusion criteria was selected from a pool of available models at orthodontic
clinic.Digitalvernier caliper will be used for measurements .The collected data was cleaned, coded and entered to
Statistical Package for Social (SPSS version 24) windows software computer program for analysis.SD,mean,T-test
and chi square were used to analyze the results.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:The commonest arch form is Ovoid in both arches (upper arch(44.9%) and
lower arch(45.7) followed by Tapered and Square arch form; Among gender females has higher in ovoid and
tapered arch form, in contrary males has higher in square arch form. The results of this study showed that the
commonest class was class I (51.2%), followed by class II (33.9%) and class III (14.9%). Significantly, more
females had Class I (p<0.01) and Class II (p<0.05) occlusal relationship compared with males. In upper arch Class
III arches is narrower than Class I and Class II dental arches are the widest (p<0.05). In lower arch Class II arches,
are Wider than Class I and Class III dental arches.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:The most frequently seen arch form in maxillary arch
was the Ovoid (44.9%) and Tapered (30.7% ). the least frequent one was the square one which is recorded 24.4%.
6.5%.In mandibular arch 30.7% of subjects have tapered and 45.7% ovoid. the least common arch form is the square
which is recorded in 23.6%.The commonest class was class I (51.2%), followed by class II (33.9%) and class III
(14.9%). Significantly, more females had Class I (p<0.01) and Class II (p<0.05) occlusal relationship compared with
males. more females had Class III relation compared with males. The mean values of all width and depth
measurements were higher in males than in females in both arch. the professional’s should select the proper arch
wire form based on individual patients arch forms.Further studies is still needed to overcome the limitations of this
study which includes studying a larger sample and including other methods of arch form determination and different
age groups are needed before the results of the present study can be applied on Ethiopian populatio
The Contemporary Trends and challenges of University-Industry Linkage and Technology Transfer in Unity University, Ethiopia
No full textThe study examines university-industry linkage and technology transfer (U-ILTT) at Unity University, a private higher education institution in Ethiopia. A qualitative case study method was used, with participants being staff members and industry experts. The research participants were staff members of Unity University and industry experts. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. A structured interview was used along with document analysis. Narrative and content analysis were used to analyze the data collected through interviews and documents. The findings revealed that while the university had internships and public lectures, faculty and students lack awareness of University-Industry Linkage and the university has not integrated U-ILTT into its strategic plan. Contemporary trends in U-ILTT, such as commercialization, innovation, and technology transfer, were overlooked. The study recommends the establishment of a separate U-ILTT office, integrating linkage into all plans, creating awareness, meeting industry needs, and preparing a well-defined strategy for productive linkages. Further investigation is recommended for firm conclusions
Assessment of occupational injuries among Addis Ababa city municipal solid waste collectors: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Collection of household waste is a job which requires repeated heavy physical activities such as lifting, carrying, pulling, and pushing. Like many developing countries, in Ethiopia municipal solid waste is collected manually. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the extent of occupational injuries and associated factors among solid waste collectors in Addis Ababa City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 876 respondents sampled from 92 unions. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and observation check list were used to collect data. Crude odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to see the presence of association between selected independent variables and occupational injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was made to see the relative effect of independent variable on the dependent variable by controlling the effect of other variables. To maintain stability, only variables that have a p-value less than 0.30 in the binary logistic regression analysis were kept in the subsequent model. Enter method was used hierarchically. Results: The response rate of this study was 97.9%. Female respondents accounted 71.2%. The median age of the study subjects was 33 year (with 52 inter quartile range). The overall occupational injury prevalence rate in the last 12 months was 383 (43.7%). Utilization of personal protective devices and family size in the household were statistically associated with injury. As compared to workers who used personal protective equipments while being on duty, odds of injury among workers not used personal protective equipments were 2.62 higher (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.48-4.63). As compared to those who had five and more children, odds of injuries among those who had 3-4 children was reduced by half (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.93). Conclusion: The extent of occupational injuries among Addis Ababa city solid waste collectors is present in a level that needs immediate public health action. Implementation of basic occupational health and safety services including training on occupational health and safety, ensuring the provision and use of personal protective devices are highly advisable
SPECTRA FOR GELFAND PAIRS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HEISENBERG GROUP
No full textLet K be a closed Lie subgroup of the unitary group U(n) acting by au-tomorphisms on the (2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg group Hn. We say that (K,Hn) is a Gelfand pair when the set L 1 K(Hn) of integrable K-invariant functions on Hn is an abelian convolution algebra. In this case, the Gelfand space (or spectrum) for L1K(Hn) can be identified with the set ∆(K,Hn) of bounded K-spherical functions on Hn. In this paper, we study the natural topology on ∆(K,Hn) given by uniform convergence on compact subsets in Hn. We show that ∆(K,Hn) is a complete metric space and that the “type 1 ” K-spherical functions are dense in ∆(K,Hn). Our main result shows that one can embed ∆(K,Hn) quite explicitly in a Euclidean space by mapping a spherical function to its eigenvalues with respect to a certain finite set of (K⋉Hn)-invariant differential operators on Hn. This viewpoint on the spectrum for ∆(K,Hn) was previously known for K = U(n) and is referred to as “the Heisenberg fan”. 1. Introduction. Give
The spatial and temporal variation of fine particulate matter pollution in Ethiopia: Data from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group (1998-2019).
No full textBackgroundEvidence suggests ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer morbidity and mortality, and all-cause mortality. Countries that implement strong policies are able to reduce ambient PM2.5 concentration. In Ethiopia, however, PM2.5 monitoring stations, laboratory technicians, and equipment are staggeringly limited. In this study, the spatial and temporal variation of PM2.5 in Ethiopia was assessed.MethodsSatellite-based PM2.5 estimates, from the year 1998 to 2019, by Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group (ACAG) at a spatial resolution of 0.01° X 0.01° was used. The annual mean PM2.5 concentration for all administrative regions and zones in Ethiopia was extracted. The average mean from the twenty-two years was also calculated. The trend of PM2.5 concentration was graphed and quantitatively calculated using the Mann-Kendall test. The slope of the change over time was estimated using the Theil-Sen slope. At the zonal administration level, for the average annual mean, spatial dependency using univariate Global Moran's I and clustering and outlier tests using Anselin Local Moran's were performed.ResultsThe country's average annual mean PM2.5 concentration was 17 μgm-3. The Afar region had the highest concentration, 27.9 μgm-3. The Mann-Kendall S was positive and significant at pConclusionAt the national and regional levels, the annual mean ambient PM2.5 concentration is beyond the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended level. The ambient PM2.5 concentration distribution is spatially dependent and significantly clustered in space. Installation of additional ground-based PM2.5 monitoring devices, particularly in regions where PM2.5 concentration is higher, is recommended. Validating satellite-based PM2.5 data with ground-based measurements in the country is also advised
Predictors of under-five childhood diarrhea: Mecha District, West Gojam, Ethiopia
No full textAbstract
Background: Diarrheal disease is widely recognized as a major cause of child morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. There exist variations in explanatory variables of diarrhea depending on the context of the study.
Objective: To examine the effects of selected environmental, socio-economic and behavioral factors on childhood diarrhea in Mecha District, West Gojjam, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in February 2009. A proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 768 households that had at least one under-five child. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify predictors of childhood diarrhea.
Results: The prevalence of diarrhea among mothers and under-five children was 8.2% and 18.0%, respectively. Maternal education (AOR=5.6, 95% CI: 1.5 - 19.4), maternal history of recent diarrhea (AOR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.9 - 9.8), availability of latrine facility (AOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4), duration of breast feeding (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.1- 7.3), and age of the child (AOR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.3 - 5.9) had a significant association.
Conclusion: From this study, variation in the level of diarrheal morbidity is well explained by maternal factors and presence of latrine facility. Educating mothers focusing on sustained behavioral changes in the use of latrine integrated with personal hygiene is an important intervention for the prevention and control of diarrhea among children. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2011;25;(3):192-200
Haar Wavelet Collocation Method for Solving Linear Volterra and Fredholm Integral Equations
No full textAbstract: The main purpose of this paper is to obtain the numerical solution of linear Volterra and Fredholm integral equations by using Haar wavelet collocation method. Specifically, a numerical solution of the second kind of LinearVolterra and Fredholm integral equations has been discussed.This equation cannot be easily evaluated analytically. As a result, an efficient numerical technique has been applied to find the solution which is indeed an approximate solution. In this paper, The Haar wavelet collocation methodis used to transform linear Volterra and Fredholm integral equations in to a system of linear algebraic equations. The resulting systems of algebraic equations are solved by using Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting to compute the Haar coefficients. The presented method is verified by means of different problems, where theoretical results are numerically confirmed. The numerical results of six test problems, for which the exact solutionsare known,are considered to verify the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method. The numerical results are compared with the exact solutions and the performance of the Haar wavelet collocation methodis demonstrated by calculating the error norm and maximum absolute errors for different number collocation points. The computational cost of the proposed methods is analyzed by examples and the error analysis is done by Haar wavelet collocation method numerically. The convergence of the Haar wavelet collocation methodis ensured at higher level resolution (J).The numerical results show that the method is applicable, accurate and efficient. Most of computations are performed using MATLAB R2015asoftware.
Keywords: Integral equations; system of algebraic equations; Haar wavelets; collocation method.
Title: Haar Wavelet Collocation Method for Solving Linear Volterra and Fredholm Integral Equations
Author: Mohammed Abdujebar Essa, Dr. Melisew Tefera
International Journal of Recent Research in Thesis and Dissertation (IJRRTD)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 65-84
Paper Publications
Website: www.paperpublications.org
Published Date: 25-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6580196
Paper Download Link (Source):
https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Haar%20Wavelet%20Collocation-25052022-7.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Thesis and Dissertation (IJRRTD), Paper Publications (Publisher), Website: www.paperpublications.or
Modeling impacts of climate change on blue and green water, and crop yield using SWAT + in Lake Tana sub-basin (Ethiopia).
No full textUnderstanding the impacts of climate change on blue and green water, as well as crop yield, is crucial for developing climate-resilient systems to mitigate water and food insecurity. This study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on blue and green water, and crop yield under different climate change scenarios in the Lake Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia. The research integrates observational climate datasets, Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and the enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) to achieve this objective. The SWAT + model was calibrated and validated using monthly streamflow data and the long-term mean annual maize yield data. We analyzed the projected impacts of climate change on blue and green water and crop yield for the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100) periods under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, using the baseline climate data (1992–2021) as a reference. Results indicate effective model simulation of streamflow and crop yield. Rainfall and temperature are expected to rise in both future periods and scenarios. At areal average scale, blue water is projected to increase by 11.1%–13.4% under SSP5-8.5, with no change under SSP2-4.5 in the 2050s and 2080s. Green water flow (GWF) is expected to rise in 2050s (8.5–12.3%) and 2080s (10.9–18.2%) in both climate change scenarios. Green water storage (GWS) is projected to increase by 5–20.7% under the SSP5-8.5 climate change scenario in the 2050s and 2080s, but to decline by 1.7–7.4% under the SSP2-4.5 scenario during the same periods. However, crop yield is anticipated to decline by 30.1%-41.5% in the 2050s and 26.6%-41.1% in the 2080s. The projected increase in blue water under the SSP5-8.5 climate scenario has positive implications, as it can be conserved and utilized for agricultural production during seasonal water shortages. Conversely, the increase in GWF highlights the need for effective water management strategies to minimize losses under changing climatic conditions. The anticipated reduction in GWS under the SSP2-4.5 scenario indicates a decline in soil water availability for crop growth, which will negatively affect agricultural production. Similarly, the projected decrease in maize yield poses serious implications for food security in the region. Overall, these findings emphasize the urgent need for agro-hydrological interventions to mitigate climate change-induced water and food insecurity in the study area and other regions with comparable environmental and climatic settings
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