221 research outputs found
Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia / by Nega Worku Debela.
No full textAmended bibliography in back pocket.Bibliography: leaves 409-426.xix, 426 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Philosophy, 199
sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221093480 – Supplemental material for Seasonal Variability Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221093480 for Seasonal Variability Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study by Bezatu Mengistie, Tesfaye Gobena, Desalegn Admassu, Nega Assefa, Dinku Mekbib Ayele, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Alemayehu Worku, Abera Kumie, Waltaji Terfa, Zerihun Bikila and Muluken Azage in Environmental Health Insights</p
Predictors of unintended pregnancy in Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2010
No full textAbstract Background In Ethiopia, little is known about pregnancy among rural women. Proper maternal health care depends on clear understanding of the reproductive health situation. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of unintended pregnancy in rural eastern Ethiopia. Methodology This study was part of pregnancy surveillance at Kersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center, East Ethiopia. Pregnant women were assessed whether their current pregnancy was intended or not. Data were collected by lay interviewers using uniform questionnaire. Odds Ratio, with 95% confidence interval using multiple and multinomial logistic regression were calculated to detect level of significance. Results Unintended pregnancy was reported by 27.9% (578/2072) of the study subjects. Out of which, 440 were mistimed and 138 were not wanted. Unintended pregnancy was associated with family wealth status (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14, 1.90), high parity (7 +) (OR 5.18; 95% CI 3.31, 8.12), and a longer estimated time to walk to the nearest health care facility (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.39). In the multinomial regression, women from poor family reported that their pregnancy was mistimed (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.27, 2.25). The longer estimated time (80 + minutes) to walk to the nearest health care facility influenced the occurrence of mistimed pregnancy (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.65, 4.02). High parity (7+) showed a strong association to mistimed and unwanted pregnancies (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.87, 5.12) and (OR 14.34; 95% CI 5.72, 35.98), respectively. Conclusions The economy of the family, parity, and walking distance to the nearest health care institution are strong predictors of unintended pregnancy. In order to reduce the high rate of unintended pregnancy Efforts to reach rural women with family planning services should be strengthened.</p
Spatiotemporal patterns of water hyacinth dynamics as a response to seasonal climate variability in Lake Tana, Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Lake Tana, which is the largest Lake in Ethiopia, has been invaded by water hyacinths since 2011. Although the government and the community have devoted considerable time and energy over a long period to removing the invasive weed mechanically and manually, the weed has been increasing significantly. Accurate, reliable, and timely information on the spatiotemporal distribution and extent of water hyacinth is crucial to determine its evolution, propagation, and potentially vulnerable areas of the Lake. Therefore, comprehensive information on the spatial distribution of water hyacinths and their annual and seasonal variability is essential for Lake Tana’s water resource planning, development, and management. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of water hyacinth and its dynamics with seasonal climate variability and impact on evapotranspiration. Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 and meteorological datasets were employed. Supervised and manual digitization image classification methods were applied to prepare Land-use/ Land-cover in the Lake. The Mann–Kendall trend test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the trend of water hyacinth and the impact of climate variability on water hyacinth distribution respectively. Besides, the evapotranspiration and water losses were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. The surface extent of the water hyacinth in Lake Tana has increased by 96% in 2019 from 2011. However, the surface area of the Lake has declined. That means 1603 ha of water surface area has been changed to land surface from 2011 to 2019. The average volume of water loss in Lake Tana was 0.21% of the volume of the Lake from September 2016 to December 2018
Enforcement of Non-Custodial Sentencing Options Law in Ethiopia: the Practice of Kembata Tembaro Zone
No full textPunishment is a fundamental fact of human life that is exercised for different purposes. Criminal
punishments are punishments imposed as a response to crime across the world. They have different
forms. Such as; imprisonment, death sentence, fines, community service, suspension of penalty, etc.
Traditionally, imprisonment and the death penalty are exercised mainly as common means of criminal
punishment. Even though NCSOs are the existing forms of punishment and not a newly emerged concept,
their application and enforcement are highly influenced by the habitual practice of dependence on
imprisonment.
In Tokyo rules international community agreed to promote alternative sentencing measures to avoid the
dependence and devastating effects of imprisonment. These alternatives are; fine, community service,
suspension of penalty, probation, admonishment… etc. These NCSOs are also incorporated in Ethiopia
having different status naming; pecuniary penalties, compulsory labor, suspension of penalty, probation,
cautions, reprimands, admonishment, coerced apologies, and the deprivation of civil rights. Among the
alternatives fine sentences, compulsory labor, and suspension of penalty are focused on for this study.
Fine is the most frequently-imposed pecuniary sanction that can be imposed as a sole, alternative to simple
imprisonment or in conjunction with imprisonment. Compulsory labor is the other alternative incorporated
into the criminal code for crimes punished with simple imprisonment of not more than three years. The
offender can be sentenced to perform service or work in the community on a compulsory base. It can be
ordered as a direct or indirect alternative to imprisonment. The third alternative is the suspension of the
penalty. It has two forms. Such as; suspension of the pronouncement of the penalty and suspension of the
enforcement of the penalty.
Even though these NCSOs are incorporated in the FDRE Criminal Code, they are suffering different
problems with application and enforcement. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the
enforcement of NCSOs laws in the Kembata Tembaro Zone. To achieve this objective, this researcher has
employed both doctrinal and non-doctrinal research methods. In the doctrinal approach of data collection,
both primary and secondary sources are analyzed thoroughly. For the non-doctrinal part, the methods of
data collection used were interviews and investigation of court files. Accordingly, the researcher has found
the following normative, institutional, and practical problems.
Normatively, NCSOs are not sufficiently regulated in Ethiopia. The specific part of the criminal code has
not provided compulsory labor and suspension of penalty as an alternative to an imprisonment-like fine,
rather leaving it to the discretion of courts. The law has not set a minimum standard to order these
alternatives. The law also has not provided the nature of works of compulsory labor, duration of works &
breach of compulsory labor. The specific law of enforcing punishments has not been established according
to Art. 210 of the Criminal Code. There is no clarity concerning the procedure of enforcing properties
secured & seized to ensure payment during fine default. Institutionally, there is no responsible organization
established to enforce the NCSOs law. The application & enforcement of these NCSOs has not been
promoted. Compulsory labor and suspension of pronouncement of penalty are not practiced at all. There
is also a big gap in enforcing fine sentences during fine default and suspension of enforcement of the
penalty. Therefore, both the Criminal law and revised sentencing guidelines should be revised having
sufficiently incorporated NCSOs. Specific laws of enforcement of penalties should be stipulated. Institutions
authorized to enforcement of NCSOs shall be organized. Supervision and monitoring of the offender should
be made through this organ. Awareness of NCSOs should be given to judges frequentl
Wealth status, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and antenatal care (ANC) are determinants for low birth weight in Kersa, Ethiopia.
No full textBackgroundLow Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the major risk factor for death in early life. However, little is known about predictors of LBW in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the incidence and determinants of LBW in a rural population of Ethiopia.MethodsAn observational cohort study on pregnant women was conducted from December 2009 to November 2010. During the study period 1295 live birth were registered and the weights of 956 children were measured within 24 hours after birth. Socio-demographic, economic, maternal and organizational factors were considered as a predicators of LBW, defined as birth weight below 2500g. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) are reported.ResultThe incidence of LBW was 28.3%. It is significantly associated with poverty [OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.42, 3.05], maternal Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm [OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.19], not attending ANC [OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.28], mother's experience of physical violence during pregnancy [OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.48], and longer time to walk to health facility [OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.40].Conclusion and recommendationThe incidence of LBW was high in Kersa. Babies born to women who were poor, undernourished, experienced physical violence during pregnancy and who had poor access to health services were more likely to be LBW in this part of the country. In this largely poor community where ANC coverage is low, to reduce the incidence of LBW, it is essential to improve access for maternal health care. The involvement of husbands and the community at large to seek collective action on LBW is essential
The hidden vanguard: Black Panther women, 2000
No full textThe study examined the experiences of twenty women who were members of the Black Panther Party from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. This work has been classified within an African American womanist theoretical framework, which acknowledges simultaneous oppressions of race, class and gender. This study was based on the need to understand the vital role that Black women played in the Black Panther Party. Its purpose is to give voice to those women whose participation and experiences have been ignored, but whose lives helped shape the meaning of the Black Panther Party. A questionnaire was constructed to allow each woman to emphasize important events in her life which influenced her decision to join the Black Panther Party. Indepth interviews provided the data to construct a biography for each woman. The findings revealed that Black Panther women demonstrated political involvement by establishing community groups. In addition, Black Panther women were active leaders in other civic, religious, social and neighborhoods organizations
Social rights and economics : claims to health care and education in developing countries
No full textThe author analyzes contemporary rights-based and economic approaches to health care and education in developing countries. He assesses the foundations and uses of social rights in development, outlines an economic approach to improving health and education services, and then highlights the differences, similarities, and the hard questions that the economic critique poses for rights. The author argues that the policy consequences of rights overlap considerably with a modern economic approach. Both the rights-based and the economic approaches are skeptical that electoral politics and de facto market rules provide sufficient accountability for the effective and equitable provision of health and education services, and that further intrasectoral reforms in governance, particularly those that strengthen the hand of service recipients, are needed. There remain differences between the two approaches. Whether procedures for service delivery are ends in themselves, the degree of disaggregation at which outcomes should be assessed, the consequences of long-term deprivation, metrics used for making tradeoffs, and the behavioral distortions that result from subsidies are all areas where the approaches diverge. Even here, however, the differences are not irreconcilable, and advocates of the approaches need not regard each other as antagonists.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Gender and Education
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