56 research outputs found
Unveiling Wheat’s Future Amidst Climate Change in the Central Ethiopia Region
No full textQuantifying how climatic change affects wheat production, and accurately predicting its potential distributions in the face of future climate, are highly important for ensuring food security in Ethiopia. This study leverages advanced machine learning algorithms including Random Forest, Maxent, Boosted Regression Tree, and Generalised Linear Model alongside an ensemble approach to accurately predict shifts in wheat habitat suitability in the Central Ethiopia Region over the upcoming decades. An extensive dataset consisting of 19 bioclimatic variables (Bio1–Bio19), elevation, solar radiation, and topographic positioning index was refined by excluding collinear predictors to increase model accuracy. The analysis revealed that the precipitation of the wettest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature seasonality, and precipitation of the coldest quarter are the most influential factors, which collectively account for a significant proportion of habitat suitability changes. The future projections revealed that up to 100% of the regions currently classified as moderately or highly suitable for wheat could become unsuitable by 2050, 2070, and 2090, illustrating a dramatic potential decline in wheat production. Generally, the future of wheat cultivation will depend heavily on developing varieties that can thrive under altered conditions; thus, immediate and informed action is needed to safeguard the food security of the region
Maize-<i>Tef</i> relay intercropping as affected by maize planting pattern and leaf removal in Southern Ethiopia
No full textWaterlogging effects on growth, nodulation and productivity of Desi and Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textEarly planting against terminal drought and increase in precipitation extremes due to climate change may expose chickpea production to transient waterlogging. Desi and kabuli type chickpea were subjected to 10 days waterlogging during three phases to assess relative sensitivity among phases and between genotypes and to identify traits that may contribute for performance under the stress. Waterlogging increased stomatal resistance with full conductance recovery made only after relief from early waterlogging. The desi type maintained consistently greater stomatal resistance against waterlogging. Root growth and nodulation were most resilient to early stress while irreversibly destroyed by mid and terminal waterlogging. On the other hand, aboveground vegetative growth suffered most from early and mid waterlogging while it was not affected by terminal stress. A moisture by genotype interaction showed that the desi type suffered a 21% loss in seed yield while the kabuli lost almost twice as much, 39%. The flowering phase was most susceptible to waterlogging followed by seedfilling irrespective of chickpea type with mean reductions of 97% and 56%, respectively. Susceptibility of the flowering phase was due to large flower abortion, severe root and nodule degradation, shortened seed filling duration, detrimental leaf senescence and persistently high stomatal resistance. Relative tolerance of desi type against vegetative waterlogging for yield performance may be associated with fast recovery from chlorosis, increased pod production on the main stem and better nodulation capacity. It seems that the desi genotype, Naatolii, can be a better choice when risk of early waterlogging is anticipated from early planting or weather variability.Key words/phrases: Chickpea, Growth, Nodulation, Seed yield, Waterlogging
Maize-Tef Relay Intercropping as Affected by Maize Planting Pattern and Leaf Removal in Southern Ethiopia
No full textMaize-tef (Eragrostis tef (Zuc.) Trotter) relay intercropping is
practiced in parts of southern Ethiopia. However, the impacts of maize
( Zea mays L.) planting pattern and leaf stripping by farmers are not
yet understood. The efficiency of maize-tef relay intercropping was
assessed under different combinations of maize planting pattern and
leaf removal. Planting pattern included broadcasting, 60 cm x 37.5 cm,
75 cm x 30 cm, and 100 cm x 22.5 cm, while leaf removal consisted of no
leaf removal, leaf removal below the ear, and leaf removal below the
ear plus two leaves removal at ten days interval. Tef was sown by
broadcasting under the standing maize crop about 35 days from maize
silking. Broadcasting and narrow inter-row maize spacing significantly
(P<0.05) reduced grain yields of both maize and tef. Maize leaf
removal below the ear improved tef grain yield without reducing maize
yield significantly. Additional leaf removal above the ear
significantly (P<0.05) improved tef straw yield but not grain yield.
Leaf removal was accompanied by shortening of days to maturity of maize
and tef. Improved performance of tef due to wider inter-row spacing and
defoliation was associated with increased vigour and density. Land
equivalent ratio values ranged up to 1.3, which indicated an acceptable
level of efficiency for the cropping system.L'interculture en relais du maïs - tef [Eragrostis tef [zuc]
Trotter] est pratiquée au sud de l'Ethiopie. Cependant, l'impact
du modèle de planter le maïs [ Zea mays L.] et la
méthode d'effeuillage par les fermiers ne sont par encore compris.
L'efficacité de relais inter-culture du maïs - tef était
calculée pour différentes combinaisons de modèle de
planter le maïs et d'enlèvement des feuilles. Le modèle
plante incluait la diffusion, 60cm x 37.5 cm, 75cm x 30cm, et 100cm x
22.5cm, tandis que la méthode d'effeuillage consistait de feuilles
non enlevées, feuilles enlevées au-dessous de l'épi, et
les feuilles enlevées au-dessous de l'épi en plus de deux
feuilles enlevées à dix jours d'intervalle. Tef était
ensemencé par la diffusion sous le pied de la culture de maïs
à peu près 35 jours à partir des maïs doux. La
diffusion et l'étroit espacement des rangés de mais d'une
manière significative [P<0,05] avaient réduit les
rendements du maïs et de tef. L'enlèvement des feuilles de
maïs en dessous de l'épi avait amélioré le
rendement de grain tef sans réduire la production de maïs
d'une manière significative. L'enlèvement supplémentaire
des feuilles au-dessus de l'épi améliora le rendement en
matière sèche de la paille et non des graines.
L'enlèvement des feuilles était accompagné par une
réduction de jours de maturité de maïs et tef. La
performance améliorée de tef due à un grand espacement
entre rangés et à la défoliation était
associée avec l'accroissement de la vigueur et de la densité.
Les valeurs de la proportion équivalente de terre ont atteint
jusqu' à 1,3, indiquant un niveau acceptable d'efficacité
pour le système de culture
Maize-Tef relay intercropping as affected by maize planting pattern and leaf removal in Southern Ethiopia
No full textMaize-tef (Eragrostis tef (Zuc.) Trotter) relay intercropping is practiced in parts of southern Ethiopia. However, the impacts of maize (Zea mayi L.) planting pattern and leaf stripping by farmers are not yet understood. The efficiency of maize-tef relay intercropping was assessed under different combinations of maize planting pattern and leaf removal. Planting pattern included broadcasting, 60 cm x 37.5 cm, 75 cm x 30 cm, and 100 cm x 22.5 cm, while leaf removal consisted of no leaf removal, leaf removal below the ear, and leaf removal below the ear plus two leaves removal at ten days interval. Tef was sown by broadcasting under the standing maize crop about 35 days from maize silking. Broadcasting and narrow inter-row maize spacing significantly (
Effect of NP Fertilizer Rate and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on Nodulaton, N-Uptake and Crude Protein Content of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill], At Jinka, Southern Ethiopia
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Jinka Agricultural Research Center to determine the effect of NP fertilizers application rate and bradyrhizobium inoculation on nodulation, N-uptake and crude prtein content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] at Jinka under rain fed conditions in 2008. The experiment was conducted with two levels of nitrogen in the form of urea (0 and 46 kg ha-1), two levels of bradyrhizobium (0 and Str-TAL-379) and four levels of phosphorous fertilizer in the form of TSP (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1). The experimental design was split-split plot with four replications where, N was arranged as main plot factor, bradyrhizobium and P were arranged as sub and sub-sub plot factors, respectively. Nodulation parameters, N-uptake and crude protein content of soybean were studied. Nitrogen application significantly affected N uptake by soybean except straw N uptake. Application of 46 kg N ha-1, inoculation or P fertilization of 25 kg P ha-1 resulted in higher net benefit and maximum MRR (%). Therefore, it can be concluded from this result that nitrogen application of 46 kg N ha-1, inoculation or phosphorous application at the rate of 25 kg P ha-1 is advisable and could be appropriate for soybean production in the test area even though further testing is required to put the recommendation on a strong basis. Key words: Inoculation, Nitrogen fertilizer, Phosphrous fertilizer and Soybe
Growth, Light Interception, Radiation Use Efficiency and Productivity of Mungbean [Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek] (Fabaceae) Cultivars as Influenced by Sowing Date
No full textThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence ofsowing date on growth, light interception, radiation use efficiency andproductivity of mungbean cultivars. The experiment comprised four sowingdates at ten days interval, viz. 08, 18, 28 July and 07 August 2006 and twocultivars, viz. Gofa local and MH-97-6. A randomized complete block designwith three replications was used. Early sown plants on 8th of July hadextended duration to attain physiological maturity, larger leaf area index(LAI) and greater dry matter accumulation. Moreover, early sown plantsexceeded in amount of light interception, radiation use efficiency (RUE) andgrain yield compared to the late sown ones. The RUE values were 1.74, 1.38,1.28 and 1.10 g DM MJ-1 for the first, second, third and fourth sowing dates,respectively. The decline in yield of last sown mungbean compared to firstsowing was about 2% per day of delayed sowing. Cultivar MH-97-6exceeded Gofa local in LAI and total dry matter. However, their differencesin cumulative intercepted PAR, RUE and grain yield were not statisticallysignificant. Grain yield was significantly correlated with growth periodmoisture (r=0.95), cumulative intercepted light (r=0.98), RUE (r=0.96) andLAI (r=0.82). Early July sowing gave superior performance among testedsowing dates of the main cropping season (meher). However, owing to thecrop’s short growth duration, it is worthwhile to do further research byincluding other sowing dates of the short rainy season (belg)
Evaluation of selected physical, chemical properties and nutrient quality of vermicompost from different feedstocks
No full textVermicompost is a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer that contains macronutrients, micronutrients, beneficial soil microflora, and plant growth regulators. An experiment was conducted at the Vermiculture Center, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Ethiopia in 2023 to assess the impact of feedstock type on selected physicochemical properties and nutrient composition of vermicompost. Common bean straw, coffee husk, maize stalk, and enset leaves were used as feedstock materials individually and in various combinations. The feedstocks were mixed with cow dung at a 2:1 ratio based on dry weight and arranged in a completely randomized design. Each 30 kg feedstock in the worm bin was supplied with 500 grams of Eisenia fetida earthworms. Upon maturity, the vermicompost was harvested by removing earthworms and other materials through a 4-mm sieve. Results showed significant differences in the physicochemical properties of vermicompost derived from different feedstocks. Common bean straw + cow dung reached maturity the fastest (66 days), while maize stalks + cow dung took the longest (85 days). The combination of common bean straw + coffee husk + cow dung yielded the highest vermicompost output (13.8 kg), while the lowest output (10.8 kg) was obtained from enset leaves + cow dung. Organic carbon content decreased by 39–100% in vermicompost compared to the original feedstock, while total nitrogen content increased significantly by 59–157%. The study concluded that the common bean straw + coffee husk + cow dung combination produced vermicompost with the best physicochemical properties and nutrient composition, and hence recommended choice for vermicompost production
The salt secretion physiology of chloridoid grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., and its implications.
No full textThe salt secretion physiology of chloridoid grass, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers., and its implications.
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