2,723 research outputs found
Neither Scotland nor England : Middle Britain, c.850–1150
No full textIn and around the 870s, Britain was transformed dramatically by the campaigns and settlements of the Great Army and its allies. Some pre-existing political communities suffered less than others, and in hindsight the process helped Scotland and England achieve their later positions. By the twelfth century, the rulers of these countries had partitioned the former kingdom of Northumbria.
This thesis is about what happened in the intervening period, the fate of Northumbria’s political structures, and how the settlement that defined Britain for the remainder of the Middle Ages came about. Modern reconstructions of the era have tended to be limited in scope and based on unreliable post-1100 sources. The aim is to use contemporary material to overcome such limitations, and reach positive conclusions that will make more sense of the evidence and make the region easier to understand for a wider audience, particularly in regard to its shadowy polities and ecclesiastical structures.
After an overview of the most important evidence, two chapters will review Northumbria’s alleged dissolution, testing existing historiographic beliefs (based largely on Anglo-Norman-era evidence) about the fate of the monarchy, political community, and episcopate. The impact and nature of ‘Southenglish’ hegemony on the region’s political communities will be the focus of the fourth chapter, while the fifth will look at evidence for the expansion of Scottish political power. The sixth chapter will try to draw positive conclusions about the episcopate, leaving the final chapter to look in more detail at the institutions that produced the final settlement
Incidence of distal forearm fracture in British men and women
No full textFracture of the distal forearm is one of the most frequent osteoporotic fractures. However, there are few data concerning its incidence in Britain. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of distal forearm fracture in adult British men and women. Six centers took part in the study: Aberdeen, Hull, Nottingham, Portsmouth, Southampton and Truro. At each center, men and women aged 35 years and over with an incident distal forearm fracture and who resided in the catchment area of the main hospital at that center, were identified during a 12 month period. Incident fractures were identified from all possible point-of-contact sources in each locality, including accident and emergency records, fracture clinics, ward listings and plaster room registers. The population at risk was defined geographically according to postcode and the denominator obtained from 1991 census data mapped to these postcodes. During the 12 month study period, 3161 individuals with distal forearm fracture were identified. The age-adjusted incidence, age 35 years and over, was 36.8/10 000 person-years in women and 9.0/10 000 person-years in men. In women, the incidence of fracture increased progressively with age from the perimenopausal period, while in men the incidence remained low until later life. Fractures were more frequently left-sided (55.6%) and 19.4% of subjects required hospitalization. On the basis of these data we estimate that 71 000 adult men and women sustain a distal forearm fracture in Britain each year. Compared with previous British surveys the pattern of incidence with age appears to have changed in women, the reason for this is unclear
The Middle Platonists: 80 B.C. to A.D. 220
No full textThe Middle Platonists: 80 B.C. to A.D. 220 John M. Dillon (Author), 1977 Table of Contents Preface Abbreviations 1 The Old Academy and the Themes of Middle Platonism 2 Antiochus of Ascalon: The Turn to Dogmatism 3 Platonism at Alexandria: Eudorus and Philo 4 Plutarch of Chaeroneia and the Origins of Second-Century Platonism 5 The Athenian School in the Second Century A.D. 6 The 'School of Gaius': Shadow and Substance 7 The Neopythagoreans 8 Some Loose Ends Bibliography Afterword General ..
Charles Berlitz, Author of "Doomsday," Takes Predictions
No full textCharles Berlitz, author of "Doomsday," makes predictions that life will cease after 2000 A.D
THE FOOD INDUSTRY - 2000 A.D. REVISITED
No full textWhat will be the nature of the food industry in the year 2000 A.D.? What will be the roles of retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers? The author presents his views of future food processing and distribution practices and thereby poses a challenge to the industry to maximize its opportunities for growth during the next three decades.Agribusiness,
THE FOOD INDUSTRY - 2000 A.D. REVISITED
No full textWhat will be the nature of the food industry in the year 2000 A.D.? What will be the roles of retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers? The author presents his views of future food processing and distribution practices and thereby poses a challenge to the industry to maximize its opportunities for growth during the next three decades
A study of the issues surrounding the understanding of historic military artefacts as primary source documents with particular emphasis on the sword
No full textLearning from biophysical heterogeneity: inductive use of case studies for maize cropping systems in Central America
No full textGlobal society has become conscious that efforts towards securing food production will only be successful if agricultural production increases are obtained through mechanisms that ensure active regeneration of the natural resource base. Production options should be targeted in the sense of that their suitability to improve agricultural production and maintain natural resources is evaluated prior to their introduction. Biophysical targeting evaluates production options as a function of the spatial and temporal variability of climate conditions, in interaction with soil, crop characteristics and agronomic management strategies. This thesis contributes to the development of a system-based methodology for biophysical targeting. Cropping system simulation and weather generator tools are interfaced to geographical information systems. Inductive use of two case studies - a green manure cover crop and reduced tillage with residue management - helped to develop the methodology. Insight is gained into the regional potential for and the soil and climate conditions under which successful introduction of these production options may be achieved. The resulting information supports regional stakeholders involved in agriculture in their analysis and discussion, negotiation and decision-making concerning where to implement production systems. This process can improve the supply of appropriate agricultural production practices that enhance production and conserve soil and water resources
Gender and public image in imperial Rome
No full textRoman gender was often defined and regulated visually – that is, if and under what conditions a woman or man appeared in public, through personal appearance, or through representations in art or literature. In this discourse on gender, the gaze (especially the public’s) was thus an important agent in helping not only to shape gender ideals, but also the direction and function of the discourse itself.
The emperor affected these precepts because of his appropriation of public space and his control of the gaze: as the most powerful and high-ranking member of society, no one could be more visible than him, and his own gaze was unlimited: he was all-seeing and all-visible. As befitting these attributes of imperial office, public space became his domain, and he placed limitations on the expression of public images in this space. This therefore affected gender by limiting the ways in which it could be expressed and proved.
Within the changed discourse, the emperor was the alpha male, the most masculine man in Roman society, and controlled public space and access to the gaze. Aristocratic males thus suffered a crisis in masculinity, and were forced to find alternate sources of masculinity from the traditional ones of gaining virtus through military service, public oratory and service, and public competition for gloria. In response, some still valued the traditions of military and service to the res publica, but no longer made public expression or competition of virtus as a precondition for its legitimacy or existence – in effect de-linking masculinity from the public sphere. Another response turned to the private sphere for inspiration, finding role models for virtus in ideal women and stressing a man’s behavior in the home as important in judgments on his masculinity. Femininity did not suffer such changes or crisis. Feminine ideals remained relatively stable, but with a few minor changes: imperial women were held to a stricter standard of traditional femininity to prevent their intrusion into imperial power, and their public activities were either low-profile or focused around the family. Aristocratic women had more scope for public activities, which enhanced their femininity but were not prerequisites for being a good woman: that is, it was not necessary for a woman to possess and maintain a public image for her to be feminine
Change in Northumbria : was Aldfrith of Northumbria's reign a period of innovation or did it merely reflect the development of processes already underway in the late seventh century?
No full textThis thesis looks at a period of Northumbrian history when the king was a part Irish, Iona trained scholar. Some have suggested that Aldfrith was assisted to the kingship by the northern victors of the battle of Nechtansmere. It examines processes in the late seventh century to try to identify changes that might have happened during the reign of this king.
The study begins with a wide overview of previous research to establish a basis from which to look for processes and change and also examines the sources available to us, written and archaeological. It then looks at the kingdoms to the north and west and at Aldfrith and the period of his reign. The suggestion is made that Aldfrith acted, with the Church, to cult saints that were Northumbrian and Romanist, as opposed to other options that might have been available. It proposes that the Northumbrians rejected opportunities to develop links with the north and west that may have been open to them. The following chapters then examine processes underway in Northumbria in three general areas; in the use of power, in society, and in the economy.
It concludes that although many processes continued as before, these sped up and in certain areas such as the production of coins, and the consequential development of trade, it was a period of innovation. There is no evidence of a focus to the north and west during Aldfrith’s reign and this has implications for how Aldfrith got to the throne, suggesting that it was with the support of the Northumbrian elite and not through the military strength of the Dál Riata or the Picts. The evidence is that Northumbria increasingly looked south for its influences and is prepared to absorb and implement processes and approaches from southern England, Gaul and Rome
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