1,721,010 research outputs found
Isolation of Ty1-copia retrotransposon in myrtle genome and development of S-SAP molecular marker
No full textLong terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that are ubiquitous in plants and constitute a major portion of their nuclear genomes. LTR-retrotransposons possess unique properties that make them appropriate for investigating relationships between populations, varieties and closely related species. Myrtus communis L. is an evergreen shrub growing spontaneously throughout the Mediterranean area. Accessions show significant variations for agriculturally important traits, so the development of specific molecular markers for conservation and characterization of myrtle germplasm is desirable to conserve biodiversity. In this study, we isolated the first retrotransposon Ty1-copia-like element (Tmc1) in Myrtus communis L. genome and used this as a molecular marker. We successfully employed the S-SAP marker system to specifically characterize four myrtle accessions belonging to different areas in the province of Caserta (Italy). The high level of polymorphism detected in isolated LTRs, make Tmc1 a good molecular marker for this species. Our findings confirm that retrotransposon-based molecular markers are particularly valuable tools for plant molecular characterization studies. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Molecular authentication of three Italian melon accessions by ARMS-PCR and ITS1 (internal transcribed spcer) secondary structure prediction
No full textIdentification of a family of SINEs and LINEs in the Pipistrellus kuhli genome: A new structural and functional symbiotic relationship
No full textWe initially describe a novel tRNA-derived SINE family, abundantly and randomly distributed in the genome of the bat Pipistrellus kuhli. We present evidence that the LINE retrotransposition machinery is recruited for the creation of a new chimerical retrotranscript constituted by the partial LINE reverse transcriptase ORF2, which is interrupted by the SINE15 retrotransposon. Structural homology between SINE15 and Homo sapiens helix 6 7SL RNA allows us to propose multiple genome partners for SINE retrotransposition, such as SRP proteins and LINE enzymatic machinery. Moreover, on the basis of the LINE and SINE/LINE chimerical transcripts, we propose a mutual relationship between SINE and LINE retrotransposons. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
An appraisal of horticultural plant morpho-physiological and molecular responses to variable salt stress agents
Full text linkIn the coming years, the scientific community, extension specialists and horticulturists will have to deal with growing agronomic and horticultural crops under sub-optimal conditions dictated by a global change scenarios. Salinity which is a water or soil quality concern is one of the most serious threats limiting the productivity of vegetables which are highly susceptible to soil and/or water salinity. In vegetable crops, soil and/or water salinity have been reported to disturb biochemical, morpho-physiological, and molecular processes leading to stunted growth and yield reduction. This article gives an overview of the recent literature on salinity response of vegetable crops (in which sodium chloride, NaCl, is the predominant salt) as well as the physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. The physiological mechanisms behind the response of vegetable crops to Na+ and Cl- and the functions that directly and/or indirectly affect the produce quality in terms of nutritional and functional quality will be elucidated. In addition, the effects of different salinity sources coming from other ions such as Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3- and Ca2+ are also discussed. Finally, the review paper identifies trendy research areas relevant to salinity as a eustressor for boosting quality of vegetables without compromising yield
R gene expression changes related to Cercospora hydrangeae L.
No full textNursery growing as well as common landscape hydrangeas are all susceptible to leaf spot fungus Cercospora hydrangeae. Warm and rainy weather causes the fungal spores to germinate quickly and spread over the plant leaves forming small purple or brown spots. Although Hydrangea plants are not killed by leaf spot, it detracts from the value of plants through the reduction of flowering and plant vigor. The aim of our study was to isolate, characterize and investigate the expression profile of Hydrangea macrophylla resistance (R) gene transcripts under C. hydrangeae fungus infection and examine their evolutionary relationships by phylogenetic analysis. R-genes are thought to be one of the components of the genetic resistance in plants and most of them encode nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins. A cDNA-NBS strategy was carried out using as template cDNAs isolated from control and infected plant leaves. The cDNA-NBS profiling gave an excellent bands reproducibility. Twenty new transcripts corresponding to NBS-LRR proteins were identified only in infected plants. The extent of positivity between the aminoacid sequences at NBS region varied from 45 to 90 %, which indicates the diversity among the RGAs. The results of this paper will provide a genomic framework for the further isolation of candidate disease resistance NBS-encoding genes in Hortensia, and contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary mode of NBS-encoding genes in Hydrangeaceae crops. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Nursery growing as well as common landscape hydrangeas are all susceptible to leaf spot fungus Cercospora hydrangeae. Warm and rainy weather causes the fungal spores to germinate quickly and spread over the plant leaves forming small purple or brown spots. Although Hydrangea plants are not killed by leaf spot, it detracts from the value of plants through the reduction of flowering and plant vigor. The aim of our study was to isolate, characterize and investigate the expression profile of Hydrangea macrophylla resistance (R) gene transcripts under C. hydrangeae fungus infection and examine their evolutionary relationships by phylogenetic analysis. R-genes are thought to be one of the components of the genetic resistance in plants and most of them encode nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins. A cDNA-NBS strategy was carried out using as template cDNAs isolated from control and infected plant leaves. The cDNA-NBS profiling gave an excellent bands reproducibility. Twenty new transcripts corresponding to NBS-LRR proteins were identified only in infected plants. The extent of positivity between the aminoacid sequences at NBS region varied from 45 to 90 %, which indicates the diversity among the RGAs. The results of this paper will provide a genomic framework for the further isolation of candidate disease resistance NBS-encoding genes in Hortensia, and contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary mode of NBS-encoding genes in Hydrangeaceae crops
PLANT GENES FOR ABIOTIC STRESS
No full text"Abiotic stress is the primary cause of crop loss worldwide, reducing average yields for most major crop plants by more than 50%. Plants as sessile organisms are constantly exposed to changes in environmental conditions. When these changes are rapid and extreme, plants generally perceive them as stresses. However stresses are not necessarily a problem for plants because they have evolved effective mechanisms to avoid or reduce the possible damages.
A PCR based SNPs marker for specific characterization of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars
No full textEnglish walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most economically important species from all the 21 species belonging to the genus Juglans and is an important and healthy food as well as base material for timber industry. The aim of this study was to develop a simple technique for specific characterization of English walnut using DNA method. The first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) as well as the intervening 5.8S coding region of the rRNA gene for 18 cultivars of J. regia L. isolated from different geographic origins were characterized. The size of the spacers sequences ranged from 257 to 263 bases for ITS1 and from 217 to 219 bases for ITS2. Variation of GC contents has also been observed and scored as 55-56.7 and 57.1-58.9% for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. This data exhibited the presence of polymorphism among cultivars. Alignment of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences from 18 walnut cultivars showed that there were 244 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 short insertion-deletion (indel) at 5′ end ITS1. Amplification refractory mutation system strategy was successfully applied to the SNP markers of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences for the fingerprinting analysis of 17 on 18 walnut cultivars. The prediction of ITS1 and ITS2 RNA secondary structure from each cultivar was improved by detecting key functional elements shared by all sequences in the alignments. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region clearly separated the isolated sequences into two clusters. The results showed that ITS1 and ITS2 region could be used to discriminate these walnut cultivars. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
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