196 research outputs found
Thyroid hormones regulate the expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in the rat pituitary
No full textCirculating TSH levels are increased in hypothyroidism and suppressed in hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, the hypothalamic hormone somatostatin suppresses basal and TRH-induced TSH release, an effect which is enhanced by thyroid hormones. To investigate whether the effects of thyroid hormones on TSH secretion may be mediated in part through alterations in the gene expression of pituitary somatostatin receptors (SSTR), 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered hypothyroid with antithyroid drugs for 3 weeks. Total RNA extracted from anterior pituitaries were analysed for SSTR mRNA levels, using Northern blot hybridization. Compared to controls, hypothyroid rats had significantly lower pituitary mRNA levels of SSTR1 and SSTR2 (p < 0.0001 for both, n = 16); the reductions could be prevented by T 4 supplementation (3 μg/100 g body weight/day i.p.). In vitro studies using GH 4C 1 rat pituitary cells showed that the addition of T 3 10 -8 M to cells cultured in charcoal-stripped bovine calf serum resulted in significant increases in mRNA levels of SSTR1 (p < 0.0001; n = 7) and the two transcripts of SSTR2 (p < 0.0005; n = 7). The increase for SSTR1 showed no further increase with higher doses of T 3, but was time-dependent and could be seen consistently after 8 h of incubation. We conclude that thyroid hormones regulate the gene expression of SSTR subtypes in the pituitary, via a direct action on anterior pituitary cells. Changes in SSTR gene expression may contribute to the increase in circulating TSH levels in hypothyroidism.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
A study on the Selection of Academic Vocabulary from Elementary Korean for Korean as a Second Language students
No full text본 연구의 목적은 초등학교에 진학 후 교과 학습에 어려움을 겪고 있는 1, 2학년 KSL 학습자들의 학습 한국어 능력 향상을 돕기 위하여 국어 교과 학습 어휘를 선정하는 것이다. 선정된 학습 어휘가 KSL 학습자들의 어휘력 상승에 도움을 주어 정규 수업으로 환원했을 시, 국어 수업에 잘 적응하여 학업 부진을 방지하는 데 도움을 주기 위함이다. 나아가 선정된 어휘들이 어휘 수업에 기초 자료로 활용되도록 제공하는 것이다.
교과 지식을 습득하기 위해서는 어휘가 중요한 역할을 담당하며, 기본적인 어휘 배경지식이 교과 지식 습득에 영향을 준다는 것은 이미 많은 연구들을 통해 밝혀진 사실이다. 그러나 KSL 학습자들은 모국어 학습자들에 비해 어휘 배경지식이 약하고, 이해하고 있는 기본 어휘 개수가 적을 수밖에 없다. 이는 곧 교과 학습 부진을 야기하고, 나아가 학교생활의 적응과 사회로의 적응을 어렵게 하는 요인이 된다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 생활 한국어를 기반으로 하는 2012 KSL 교육과정이 개발되었지만, 어휘 목록 선정 기준의 모호성과 어휘 수의 부족함 등과 같은 한계점이 발생하였다.
이에 본고에서는 KSL 학습자들의 교과 지식의 습득을 돕기 위하여 모국어 학습자들보다 더 기초적으로 익혀야 할 학습 어휘들을 선정하고, 국어 교과 학습의 도움과 나아가 학교생활 적응에 도움을 주고자 한다. 앞서 제기한 본 연구의 필요성과 목적에 도달하기 위하여, 다음의 두 가지 연구 문제를 설정하였다.
첫째, KSL 학습자 대상 국어 교과 학습 어휘로는 어떤 어휘를 선정할 것인가?
둘째, 선정된 국어 교과 학습 어휘는 KSL 학습자들의 어휘 교육에 도움을 주기 위해 어떻게 효과적으로 분류할 것인가?
연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 먼저 선행 연구들을 통해 학습 어휘의 선정 기준과 방법을 살펴보고, KSL 교육과정의 개발과 한계점 및 학습 한국어의 특징을 파악하였다. 이를 기초로 초등학교 1, 2학년 국어 교과서 8권에 수록된 모든 텍스트 자료, 단원 제목, 단원 목표, 그림 및 도표에 제시된 모든 어휘들을 대상으로 전자 입력하여 말뭉치로 구축하였다.
구축한 말뭉치는 형태소 분석 프로그램인‘U-Tagger 2013&apos; 을 통해 형태소를 분석하고, 분석된 어휘들의 평균 빈도수를 구하였다. 평균 빈도수를 최소 단위로 선정하여 평균 빈도수보다 높은 빈도수를 보이는 어휘들로 1차 어휘 목록을 구성하였다. 학습 어휘 선정이기에 문법적 기능의 성격을 지닌 품사(의존 명사, 보조 용언, 감탄사, 조사, 어미, 접두사, 접미사, 어근)를 포함하여 어휘 목록을 구성하는 것은 무의미하다고 판단된다. 이에 어휘 선정 대상 품사를 체언(명사, 대명사, 수사), 용언(동사, 형용사, 지정사), 수식언(관형사, 부사)으로 한정하고 연구를 진행하였다.
빈도수로 선정된 1차 어휘 목록은 KSL 학습자를 교수한 경험이 있는 현직 초등학교 교사 4명으로 구성된 전문가 집단에게 어휘 판정을 의뢰하였다. 과반수의 근거를 확보하기 위해 이들 4명 중 최소 2명 이상이 그들의 교직 경험에 의거하여 가르쳐야 하는 어휘로 확정한 어휘들로 2차 어휘 목록을 구성하였다.
선정된 학습 어휘를 어떻게 분류하는 것이 KSL 학습자들에게 어휘 자료로서 효과적으로 활용되고 그들의 정규 국어 교과 수업 적응에 도움을 줄 것인가를 해결하기 위하여, 먼저 국어 교과가 어떤 과목적인 특성을 가지고 있는지와 교과서 단원의 구성 및 연계를 살펴보았다.
국어 교과서는 학습자가 가지고 있는 능력, 학생들의 학습 양식이나 흥미, 관심 등을 고려하여 제재를 선정하고 단원을 구성하고 있으며, 학습자가 자주 접하는 주제들을 파악하고 반영하여 단원을 재구성하고 있다. 이러한 특징을 고려하여 전문가 집단의 판정을 통해 확정된 2차 어휘 목록을 국어 교과서의 각 단원별로 분류하여 어휘 목록을 제시하였다.
다음으로 KSL 교육과정 국어 교과 1-2학년군 학습 어휘 목록과 비교·분석하는 작업을 진행하였다. 중복된 어휘가 무엇인지를 분석하고 제외된 어휘들을 추가하여 최종 국어 교과 학습 어휘 목록을 구성하였다. 이는 선정된 학습 어휘 목록이 KSL 학습자들의 어휘력 향상과 국어 수업의 적응을 도울 수 있으며, 어휘 교육의 기초 어휘 자료로써 다양한 활용이 가능하도록 도울 것이라 기대된다. 이상과 같은 연구 과제 수행을 바탕으로 본 연구가 갖는 의의는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 기존의 어휘 선정 연구들이 일반 목적의 성인 학습자 대상이거나 생활 한국어 중심인 점을 고려할 때 초등 KSL 학습자를 대상으로 하는 학습 어휘 선정이라는 점에 의의가 있다. 둘째, 어휘 선정 과정에서 객관적인 방법과 주관적인 방법이 함께 사용되어 졌다는 점에 의의가 있다. 빈도수를 기준으로 어휘를 선정하는 객관적 방법과 KSL 학습자 교수 경험이 있는 전문가 집단이 어휘를 판정하는 주관적 방법을 함께 진행하여 어휘 목록을 제시하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. 셋째, 국어 교과와의 연계성을 높이기 위해 선정된 어휘를 각 단원별로 분류하고 제시하였고, KSL 학습자들에게 실제적인 어휘 교육의 기초 자료로 제공되도록 돕기 위해 KSL 교육과정 국어 교과 학습 어휘 목록과 비교·분석하여 최종 어휘 목록을 제시하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.
이에 본 연구가 KSL 학습자를 위한 실제적인 어휘 교육의 보충 자료로 제공되어 현장 활용도를 높이고, KSL 학습자들의 학업 부진을 방지하는데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 기대한다.;The purpose of this study is to select academic Korean vocabulary required for subjects learning elementary Korean. To this end, this study helps to improve the proficiency of Korean to Korean as a second language students and to provide as materials for teaching vocabulary. With this objective in mind, chapter 1 was referred to for the necessity and goal of this study. Then, chapter 2 included theoretical consideration to identify the concept and characteristics of academic vocabulary and curriculum of KSL as well as corpus and selection methods needed for the deduction of these traits. Chapter 3 provided a detailed introduction to the process of selecting academic vocabulary performance in elementary school, which is the core condition of the study. And chapter 4 provided a list of finalized vocabulary, which was selected according to these procedures, was suggested. Finally, Chapter 5 summed up the contents of this study and suggested its significance and limits, which was followed by recommendations for follow-up studies.
The aim of the present study was to improve the proficiency of elementary Korean as a second language students in academic Korean language and to help adjusting quickly to regular classes and rapidly develop their language ability. For this purpose, academic vocabulary was selected from elementary Korean. Afterwards, corpuses were constructed by collecting vocabulary from textbooks of elementary Korean and the first academic vocabulary list was composed of words of high frequency. And second academic vocabulary list was finalized following the process of dividing the selected vocabulary based on the judgment of teachers on the vocabulary. Lastly, the selected vocabulary was classified into the chapters of textbook.
This study was meaningful in that it selected substantial vocabularies in academic vocabulary for elementary school Korean as a second language students according to student&apos;s necessity and level of cognition and classified them by Korean subject or chapter.
However, this study holds a few limitations. So the author expects that the academic vocabulary created in the study will serve as basic data for teaching and learning elementary Korean. This academic vocabulary list in this study will be able to be used as basic materials to write textbooks, teach vocabularies. And it is considered that more effective educational measures must be developed in diverse aspects.Ⅰ. 서론 1
A. 연구의 목적 및 필요성 1
B. 연구의 범위 5
C. 선행 연구 고찰 7
1) KSL 교육과정에 관한 연구 7
2) 학습 한국어에 관한 연구 9
3) 어휘 선정에 관한 연구 11
D. 연구 문제 13
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 15
A. KSL 교육과정과 학습 한국어 15
1) KSL 교육과정의 구성 및 체계 15
2) 학습 한국어의 개념 및 특징 23
B. 어휘 선정 27
1) 말뭉치 구성 27
2) 어휘 선정 30
Ⅲ. 연구방법 및 절차 33
1) 연구 대상 34
2) 연구 방법 36
2-1) 말뭉치 구축 36
2-2) 품사별 어휘 분석 37
2-3) 교사 어휘 판정 38
2-4) 최종 어휘 분류 61
1) 단원별 어휘 분류 61
2) KSL 교육과정 국어 교과 1-2학년군 학습 어휘 목록 62
Ⅳ. 학습 어휘 선정 결과 65
1) 1차 어휘 선정 목록 65
2) 2차 어휘 선정 목록 87
3) 최종 어휘 분류 107
3-1) 단원별 어휘 분류 107
3-2) KSL 교육과정 국어 교과 1-2학년군 학습 어휘 목록 116
Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 119
A. 요약 및 논의 119
B. 제언 123
참고문헌 125
부록1. 학년별 품사 분석 자료 130
부록2. 전문가 어휘 판정 분석 자료 134
부록3. 단원별 어휘 판정 분석 자료 155
ABSTRACT 17
Selective inactivation of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) in the adipose tissue is sufficient to protect against diet-induced-obesity and its associated metabolic disorders in mice
No full textINTRODUCTION: Obesity caused by feeding a high fat diet is associated with increased activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which has been implicated in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, the relative tissue-specific contribution and the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. METHOD: In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse model with adipose tissue-specific over-expression of dominant negative (DN) JNK. Their phenotypic changes on a high fat diet were comprehensively characterized. Adipose tissues, liver, muscle and serum were collected for further biochemical and morphological analysis. RESULTS: On the standard chow diet, the transgenic mice showed no significant difference in body weight gain, insulin sensitivity, glucose or lipid profiles, from their wild-type littermates. However, on a high fat diet, the DN-JNK transgenic mice were protected against diet-induced obesity, with reduced weight gain, fat mass and size of adipocytes in the adipose tissues. Significantly, the DN-JNK transgenic mice were resistant to the deleterious impact of high-fat diet on systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. They also demonstrated a lower level of hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo, and greater insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscles ex vivo. These metabolic changes were accompanied by a markedly decreased macrophage infiltration in the adipose tissue, reduced production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, increased expression of adiponectin and reduced circulating levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein. As a secondary effect, the DN-JNK transgenic mice also exhibited a resistance to the hepatosteatosis induced by high fat diet. The DN-JNK mice, when on a high fat diet, had significant increases in 24-hour oxygen consumption and reductions in respiration exchange rates, compared with their wild-type littermates. CONCLUSION: Selective suppression of JNK activation in the adipose tissue alone was sufficient to counteract high fat diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic dysregulations in mice, in part through an increase in energy expenditure and a decrease in systemic inflammation.The 92nd Annual Meeting & Expo of the Endocrine Society (ENDO 2010), San Diego, CA., 19-22 June 2010. In Endocrine Reviews, 2010, v. 31 n. 3, suppl. 1, p. S481, abstract no. P1-41
Overcoming ‘The Fear Factor’:Creating a Dynamic Web Site
No full textIn this information-rich age, agriculture related information is abundant and updated quickly. Collaborations between agriculture specialists and information specialists are increasing. The question has become how can agricultural information be presented in a more collaborative and timely manner?
This paper documents the process that Kansas State Libraries (KSL) followed to build a dynamic Agriculture Network Information Center (AgNIC) Web site. It discusses how and why librarians collaborated with research and teaching faculty and other agriculture specialists, examines the pros and cons of building dynamic vs. static Web sites, and documents the steps to create a basic dynamic Web site without extensive programming skills
Gene expression of growth hormone, somatostatin and growth hormone releasing hormone in dexamethasone-treated rats-effects of varying the dose and duration of treatment
No full textTicagrelor versus Aspirin in Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
No full textBACKGROUND Ticagrelor may be a more effective antiplatelet therapy than aspirin for the prevention of recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS We conducted an international double-blind, controlled trial in 674 centers in 33 countries, in which 13,199 patients with a nonsevere ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack who had not received intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis and were not considered to have had a cardioembolic stroke were randomly assigned within 24 hours after symptom onset, in a 1: 1 ratio, to receive either ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily for days 2 through 90) or aspirin (300 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg daily for days 2 through 90). The primary end point was the time to the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 90 days. RESULTS During the 90 days of treatment, a primary end-point event occurred in 442 of the 6589 patients (6.7%) treated with ticagrelor, versus 497 of the 6610 patients (7.5%) treated with aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.01; P = 0.07). Ischemic stroke occurred in 385 patients (5.8%) treated with ticagrelor and in 441 patients (6.7%) treated with aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.00). Major bleeding occurred in 0.5% of patients treated with ticagrelor and in 0.6% of patients treated with aspirin, intracranial hemorrhage in 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively, and fatal bleeding in 0.1% and 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS In our trial involving patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, ticagrelor was not found to be superior to aspirin in reducing the rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death at 90 days
Growth hormone enhances adiponectin gene expression via P38 MAP kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
No full textThe curative effect comparison of two kinds of therapeutic regimens on decreasing the relative intensity of microembolic signal in CLAIR trial
No full textBackground: Microembolic signals (MESs) are direct markers of unstable large artery atherosclerotic plaques. In a previous study, we found that the number of MESs is associated with stroke recurrence and that clopidogrel plus aspirin more effectively reduce the number of MESs than does aspirin alone. Stroke recurrence is associated with not only the number of MESs but also the size of the MES, which can theoretically be estimated by monitoring the MES intensity via transcranial doppler (TCD). Thus, we compared the effects of clopidogrel and aspirin with aspirin alone on MES intensity using TCD. Methods: We recruited 100 patients who experienced acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 7 days of symptom onset. All patients also had large artery stenosis in the cerebral or carotid arteries and the presence of MES as revealed by TCD. The patients were randomized to receive either aspirin or clopidogrel and aspirin for 7 days. MES monitoring was performed on days 2 and 7. Results: Intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (46 patients in the dual therapy group, 52 patients in the monotherapy group) and per-protocol (PP) analysis (25 patients in the dual therapy group, 31 patients in the monotherapy group) were performed on 98 patients. The primary finding was that the MES intensity was dramatically reduced in the dual therapy group. ITT analysis of the dual therapy group revealed that the MES intensity was 8.04(0-16) dB before treatment, 0.00 (0-17) dB on day 2, and 0.00 (0-12) dB on day 7 (P = 0.000). In the monotherapy group, the MES intensity was 9.00 (0-20) dB before treatment, 8.25 (0-17) dB on day 2, and 7.0 (0-18) dB on day 7 (P = 0.577). PP analysis revealed similar results. No severe hemorrhagic complications were detected. The two patients in this study who experienced stroke recurrence were in the monotherapy group. Conclusions: Clopidogrel and aspirin more effectively decrease the MES intensity than aspirin alone in patients with large artery stenotic minor stroke or TIA. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.Research Grant Council Earmarked Grant [CUHK4440/03M]; Asian Stroke Research Grant of the Chinese University of Hong Kong; Singapore Clinical Research Institute, SingaporeSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Evaluating the effectiveness of supported apartment in facilitating community integration and mutual help among residents with chronic mental illness in Hong Kong: Some Preliminary Findings
No full textlink_to_OA_fulltex
Simultaneous Approximation Terms for Elastic Wave Equations on Nonuniform Grids
No full textNumerical simulation of wave phenomena is routinely used in seismic studies, where simulated wave signals are compared against experimental ones to infer subterranean information. Various wave systems can be used to model wave propagation in earth media. Here, we consider the system of isotropic elastic wave equations described in Section 2.Gao and Keyes gratefully acknowledge the support of KAUST’s OSR under CCF-CAF/URF/1-2596. The authors would also like to thank KSL for computing resources. Part of this work was conducted while the first author was visiting IPAM (Sep-Dec 2018)
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