160 research outputs found
Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in the urban district of Wuhan, China : implications for community nursing practice
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Li, S. J.Author name used in this publication: Sit, W. H. J.Author name used in this publication: Wong, Thomas.Version of RecordPublishedC
Proteogenomic interrogation of cancer cell lines: an overview of the field
No full textIntroduction: Cancer cell lines (CCLs) have been a major resource for cancer research. Over the past couple of decades, they have been instrumental in omic profiling method development and as model systems to generate new knowledge in cell and cancer biology. More recently, with the increasing amount of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data being generated in hundreds of CCLs, there is growing potential for integrative proteogenomic data analyses to be performed.
Areas covered: In this review, we first describe the most commonly used proteome profiling methods in CCLs. We then discuss how these proteomics data can be integrated with genomics data for proteogenomics analyses. Finally, we highlight some of the recent biological discoveries that have arisen from proteogenomics analyses of CCLs.
Expert opinion: Protegeonomics analyses of CCLs have so far enabled the discovery of novel proteins and proteoforms. It has also improved our understanding of biological processes including post-transcriptional regulation of protein abundance and the presentation of antigens by major histocompatibility complex alleles. With proteomics data to be generated in hundreds to thousands of CCLs in coming years, there will be further potential for large-scale proteogenomics analyses and data integration with the phenotypically well-characterized CCLs.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
The induction of p21/WAF1/CIP1 expression by the specific kappa opioid receptor agonist is independent of MAPK and PKC
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Prevalence and risk factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textJonathan WH Wong,1 Margaret Ip,2 Arthur Tang,3 Vivian WI Wei,1 Samuel YS Wong,1 Steven Riley,4 Jonathan M Read,5,6,* Kin On Kwok1,7,8,* 1Faculty of Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; 2Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; 3Department of Software, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; 4MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK; 5Centre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; 6Institute of Infection and Global Health, The Farr Institute@HeRC, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 7Faculty of Medicine, Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; 8Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging global public health threat. In response to a highlighted strategic priority of the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, to “strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research”, we synthesized published articles to estimate CA-MRSA carriage prevalence in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD:42017067399). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 19 May 2017, which reported CA-MRSA carriage (defined as either colonization or infection) in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016. Studies were stratified according to settings (community or hospital where CA-MRSA was isolated) and study populations (general public or subpopulations with specified characteristics). Ranges of CA-MRSA carriage prevalence were reported for study groups. Results: In total, 152 studies were identified. Large diversity was observed among studies in most study groups. In community-level studies, the CA-MRSA carriage prevalence among the general public ranged from 0% to 23.5%, whereas that ranged from 0.7% to 10.4% in hospital settings. From community-level studies, countries with the highest prevalence were India (16.5%–23.5%), followed by Vietnam (7.9%) and Taiwan (3.5%–3.8%). Children aged ≤6 (range: 0.5%–40.3%) and household members of CA-MRSA carriers (range: 13.0%–26.4%) are subgroups without specific health conditions but with much higher CA-MRSA carriage when compared to the general population. Conclusion: Our CA-MRSA prevalence estimates serve as the baseline for future national and international surveillance. The ranges of prevalence and characteristics associated with CA-MRSA carriage can inform health authorities to formulate infection control policies for high-risk subgroups. Future studies should explore the heterogeneities in CA-MRSA carriage prevalence among subgroups and countries to clarify the predominant transmission mechanisms in Asia-Pacific and other regions. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, emerging global health threat, population studies, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureu
Supplementary Table S2 from BAP1 Loss Is Associated with DNA Methylomic Repatterning in Highly Aggressive Class 2 Uveal Melanomas
No full textTCGA_Methyl_DMP: All significantly methylated probes (FDR < 0.05) in Class 2 uveal melanomas compared to Class 1 uveal melanomas from the 80 TCGA cases. JWH_Methyl_DMP: All significantly methylated probes (p < 0.05) in Class 2 uveal melanomas compared to Class 1 uveal melanomas from 12 cases of the senior author (JWH). TCGA_D12_PC1_PC2_Methyl: The 67,261 probes shared between the top 20% most variable methylated probes from the TCGA and JWH datasets used in the principal component analyses. The percentage contribution to PC1 and PC2 are displayed for all probes. TCGA_D12_Probes_Top5000PC1: The 204 probes shared between the TCGA and JWH datasets out of the Top 5000 shared most variable methylated probes contributing to PC1 in the principal component analyses.</p
The Perceptions of Obese School Children in Hong Kong Toward Their Weight-Loss Experience
No full textMost studies related to addressing weight management of obese children have focused on understanding the perceptions of parents and health professionals. This study identifies the factors that obese children who have tried to lose weight perceive as affecting their efforts. This descriptive qualitative study has sought to identify factors affecting obese children's weight-loss decision making and process and to explore the development of an effective weight-loss program. This study screened 603 primary school children equivalent to U.S. Grades 5 and 6 of age 10-12. Seventy-nine out of 93 obese children who had been trying on their own to lose weight for at least 1 month formed 6 focus groups. Four themes were identified: Making the decision, self-efficacy, social influences, and environmental constraints. The results suggest that the design of a weight-loss program for obese children should include the contribution of family members, school, and health professionals. © The Author(s) 2012.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
BloodChIP: A database of comparative genome-wide transcription factor binding profiles in human blood cells
Get PDFThe BloodChIP database (http://www.med.unsw.edu.au/CRCWeb.nsf/page/ BloodChIP) supports exploration and visualization of combinatorial transcription factor (TF) binding at a particular locus in human CD34-positive and other normal and leukaemic cells or retrieval of target gene sets for user-defined combinations of TFs across one or more cell types. Increasing numbers of genome-wide TF binding profiles are being added to public repositories, and this trend is likely to continue. For the power of these data sets to be fully harnessed by experimental scientists, there is a need for these data to be placed in context and easily accessible for downstream applications. To this end, we have built a user-friendly database that has at its core the genome-wide binding profiles of seven key haematopoietic TFs in human stem/progenitor cells. These binding profiles are compared with binding profiles in normal differentiated and leukaemic cells. We have integrated these TF binding profiles with chromatin marks and expression data in normal and leukaemic cell fractions. All queries can be exported into external sites to construct TF-gene and protein-protein networks and to evaluate the association of genes with cellular processes and tissue expression. © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press
Reply to profiling of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals potential biomarkers and oncomirs
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A quasi-experimental study on improving arthritis self-management for residents of an aged people's home in Hong Kong
No full textArthritis is one of the most prevalent activity-limiting conditions among older persons in developed countries. The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the effect of an Arthritis Self-Management Programme (ASMP) on residents in a home for elderly people in Hong Kong. Forty-two residents completed baseline assessment. Thirty-seven residents (88.0%) completed the ASMP course, 1 and 16 week post-intervention questionnaires and assessment. There were 16 residents in the control group and 21 residents in the intervention group. Residents in the intervention group received a 6-week ASMP course. The conventional ASMP course was followed except that we emphasized and coached Tai Chi movements during the last three sessions. Outcome measures included arthritis self-efficacy, arthritis pain rating, functional and emotional status. At 16 weeks, there was significant increased overall arthritis self-efficacy score (p = 0.05), reduction of current arthritis pain rating (p = 0.05), improvement from baseline in quadriceps muscle strength (p = 0.03) and hamstring muscle strength (p = 0.02). However, there were no other significant improvements from baseline between the intervention and control groups. Our findings suggest that a self-management programme is effective in enhancing overall self-efficacy to manage arthritis, improving muscle strength and reducing arthritis pain among older people in long-term care settings.School of Nursin
Distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes of an endemic New Zealand eleotrid (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) – implications for incipient speciation in island freshwater fish species
Get PDFBackground: Many postglacial lakes contain fish species with distinct ecomorphs. Similar evolutionary scenarios might be acting on evolutionarily young fish communities in lakes of remote islands. One process that drives diversification in island freshwater fish species is the colonization of depauperate freshwater environments by diadromous (migratory) taxa, which secondarily lose their migratory behaviour. The loss of migration limits dispersal and gene flow between distant populations, and, therefore, is expected to facilitate local morphological and genetic differentiation. To date, most studies have focused on interspecific relationships among migratory species and their non-migratory sister taxa. We hypothesize that the loss of migration facilitates intraspecific morphological, behavioural, and genetic differentiation between migratory and non-migratory populations of facultatively diadromous taxa, and, hence, incipient speciation of island freshwater fish species.
Results: Microchemical analyses of otolith isotopes (Sr-88, Ba-137 and Ca-43) differentiated migratory and non-migratory stocks of the New Zealand endemic Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall (Eleotridae). Samples were taken from two rivers, one lake and two geographically-separated outgroup locations. Meristic analyses of oculoscapular lateral line canals documented a gradual reduction of these structures in the non-migratory populations. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints revealed considerable genetic isolation between migratory and non-migratory populations. Temporal differences in reproductive timing (migratory = winter spawners, non-migratory = summer spawners; as inferred from gonadosomatic indices) provide a prezygotic reproductive isolation mechanism between the two ecotypes.
Conclusion: This study provides a holistic look at the role of diadromy in incipient speciation of island freshwater fish species. All four analytical approaches (otolith microchemistry, morphology, spawning timing, population genetics) yield congruent results, and provide clear and independent evidence for the existence of distinct migratory and non-migratory ecotypes within a river in a geographically confined range. The morphological changes within the non-migratory populations parallel interspecific patterns observed in all non-migratory New Zealand endemic Gobiomorphus species and other derived gobiid taxa, a pattern suggesting parallel evolution. This study indicates, for the first time, that distinct ecotypes of island freshwater fish species may be formed as a consequence of loss of migration and subsequent diversification. Therefore, if reproductive isolation persists, these processes may provide a mechanism to facilitate speciation
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