788 research outputs found
"The Return of Big Government--Policy Advice for President Obama"
No full textIn the current global financial crisis, economists and policymakers have reembraced Big Government as a means of preventing the reoccurrence of a debt-deflation depression. The danger, however, is that policy may not downsize finance and replace money manager capitalism. According to Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray, we need a permanently larger fiscal presence, with more public services. His advice to President Obama is to discard all of former Treasury Secretary Paulson's actions. Wray believes that we can afford any necessary spending and bailouts, and that these actions will not burden our grandchildren.
Randall L. Kennedy: Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
No full textRandall L. Kennedy is an American law professor and author at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He is the Michael R. Klein Professor of Law and focuses his research on the intersection of racial conflict and legal institutions in American life. He specializes in the areas of contracts, freedom of expression, race relations law, civil rights legislation, and the Supreme Court.
Kennedy was born September 10, 1954, in Columbia, South Carolina, the middle child of Henry Kennedy Sr., a postal worker, and Rachel Kennedy, an elementary school teacher. He has two siblings, Henry H. Kennedy, Jr., a former United States District Court Judge for the District of Columbia, and Angela Kennedy, a lawyer at the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia. Kennedy has stated that tales of racial oppression and racial resistance were staples of conversation in his household. His father often spoke of watching Thurgood Marshall argue Rice vs. Elmore, the case that invalidated the rule permitting only whites to vote in South Carolina\u27s Democratic primary. Later that decade, fleeing the abuses of Jim Crow, his parents moved from South Carolina to Washington, D.C.
Kennedy attended St. Albans School in Washington, D.C., Princeton University (A.B. cum laude, 1977), the University of Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar (graduate studies, 1977–79), and Yale Law School (J.D., 1982). While at Yale, Kennedy served as an editor for the Yale Law Journal. He served as a law clerk for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1982–83 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the United States Supreme Court from 1983-84. He was admitted to the Washington, D.C. bar in 1983. Additionally, he is a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the American Philosophical Association
"The Ownership Society: Social Security Is Only the Beginning"
No full textFrom this paper's Preface, by Dr. Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, President: As his new term begins, President Bush has been trying to focus his domestic agenda on what he calls the Òownership society,Ó a sweeping vision of an America in which more citizens would hold significant assets and be free to make their own choices about providing for their health care and retirement, and educating their children. L. Randall Wray, who has written for the Levy Institute on many topics, evaluates the premises and logic of this program in this new public policy brief. Wray points out that much of the history of the Western world since the advent of liberalism has been marked by a gradual rise in the power of those who lack property. Some of the milestones in this progression include universal suffrage, regulation of business, and progressive taxation. BushÕs ownership society proposals, according to Wray, would result in a partial reversal of the progress of the last 250 years. The reason is that, while BushÕs plans would undoubtedly increase the choices and power of those who have property, they would fail to democratize ownership. Many gains to the wealthy would come at the expense of the poor, the sick, and the elderly. Consider, for example, the condition of the nationÕs private pension system. Increasingly, firms are switching from defined-benefit to definedcontribution plans. This development would seem on its surface to favor the establishment of a new class of stockholders, empowered and holding a larger stake in the system. But, as Wray demonstrates, retirement accounts and other assets just do not add up to a substantial amount for most Americans. This means that most citizens have much to lose indeed from attacks on Social Security and the erosion of the traditional pension system. Much as the safety net for the poor has largely vanished since the Reagan years, the bread-and-butter benefits and rights of the middle class are now threatened by the ownership-society agenda. To many, the claim made by Republicans that all should take responsibility for their wellbeing rings true. But it is important to keep in mind the real alternative to public benefits for the middle class: a society in which success would depend largely upon luck, inheritances, or charity. A society that forces individuals to read their future in their Microsoft Money files inevitably creates a class of nonowners who are insecure and lack independent means. Ironically, this runs up against the aims of those who sincerely hope for a world in which more have the opportunity to become rich: moving upward often brings some setbacks along the way, which might be fatal in a world of reduced bankruptcy protection, disability and medical benefits, and educational aid.
Lepadichthys bilineatus Craig, Bogorodsky and Randall, new species
No full textLepadichthys bilineatus Craig, Bogorodsky and Randall, new species Figure 1; Table 1 Holotype: BPBM 36336, 23.5 mm SL, Oman, southeastern coast, Rahah Bay, 16 ° 57 ’N, 54 ° 49 ’E, tidal pool (0–1.5 m), rotenone, J.E. Randall and I. McLeish, 6 February 1993. Diagnosis. A species of Lepadichthys with origins of dorsal and anal fins posterior on body and lacking a membrane connecting them to caudal fin; dorsal-fin rays 16; anal-fin rays 13; pectoral-fin rays 23; principal caudal-fin rays 10, total caudal-fin rays 18; gill rakers 10; head large, its length 3.1 in SL; body depth 8.0 in SL; disc single; disc length 6.6 in SL; disc width 6.5 in SL; color when fresh as in Fig. 1 A, color in alcohol uniform tan (Fig. 1 B). Description. Dorsal-fin rays 16; anal-fin rays 13; pectoral-fin rays 23; principal caudal-fin rays 10; upper and lower procurrent caudal-fin rays 4; gill rakers 10 on second and third arches; vertebrae 34; body long and slender, its depth 8.0 in SL; head length 3.1 in SL; head width 6.5 in SL; snout length 3.4 in HL; eye diameter 5.1 in HL; caudal-peduncle depth 0.8 in its length. Disc simple, lacking fattened papillae characteristic of the genus (although may be a result of damage to the disc), single and small, length 6.6 in SL, and width 6.5 in SL; anus slightly nearer to origin of anal fin than posterior edge of disc. Mouth inferior, slightly oblique, and small; upper-jaw length 10.9 in SL; front of jaws with conical teeth. Upper attachment of gill membrane opposite eighth pectoral-fin ray. Origin of dorsal fin slightly anterior to origin of anal fin; predorsal distance 1.5 in SL; postdorsal-caudal distance 5.8 in dorsal-fin length; preanal-fin distance 1.4 in SL. Color of holotype when fresh (Fig. 1 A): body grayish blue, grading ventrally and posteriorly to brownish orange, and to brownish red on about posterior fourth of body; head dark brown dorsally, abruptly yellowish on ventral half, becoming bright yellow on chin; two bluish white lines extending posteriorly and angling slightly ventrally from eye, one dorsally and one ventrally from eye; pupil encircled by a distinct red ring, with a pale blue dash below; outer two-thirds of pectoral fins translucent yellowish, basal third of fin orangish brown, grading to red ventrally on chest; disc yellow; dorsal and anal fins reddish yellow with a narrow pale blue-green margin and a maroon submarginal band; caudal fin colored like body on basal fifth, followed by vertical zones of yellow and dark reddish brown, the reddish brown of rays extending anteriorly into yellow zone; outer two-fifths of fin translucent whitish. Color of holotype in alcohol uniform tan (Fig. 1 B). Etymology. The species name bilineatus (Latin for “two lines”) is used in reference to the two parallel bluish white lines that extend posteriorly across the head. Remarks. The book Coastal fishes of Oman (Randall 1995) includes species accounts of two gobiesocid fishes, the distinctive long-snouted Diademichthys lineatus, usually found sheltering among the branches of coral or the spines of sea urchins, and Lepadichthys lineatus Briggs 1966, commensal in a crinoid (as Discotrema lineatum; see Craig & Randall (2008) for discussion of the nomenclatural history of this species). Fish collections for the book in 1993 also included single specimens of two unidentified clingfishes. One of these was described as the new genus and species, Briggsia hastingsi by Craig & Randall in 2009; the second specimen is described here as Lepadichthys bilineatus. We regret describing these two species from single specimens. We know of no plans for additional collections. The holotype of L. bilineatus is too desiccated to determine sensory pore number and arrangement, however we assume a similar arrangement and the same number of each pore sensu Shiogaki & Dotsu (1983). Lepadichthys bilineatus superficially resembles L. sandaracatus Whitley 1943 and L. frenatus, two species that Briggs (1955) considered as possibly conspecific. The three species share a relatively small disc, 16 dorsal-fin rays, and 13 anal-fin rays. Lepadichthys bilineatus differs in lacking a membrane connecting dorsal and anal fins to caudal fin (dorsal and anal fins joined by membrane to caudal fin in L. sandaracatus and L. frenatus), in having 23 pectoral-fin rays (27–28 in L. sandaracatus and L. frenatus), a smaller eye (4.2, 4.4 and 5.1 in HL in L. sandaracatus, L. frenatus and L. bilineatus, respectively, a narrower head (head width 6.5 in SL in L. bilineatus, 4.8 in SL in L. sandaracatus, and 4.7 in L. frenatus), and a more pointed snout. In addition, the color pattern of L. bilineatus is distinct in having two pale lines from the posterior orbit to the edge of the operculum. The closest geographic congener of L. bilineatus appears to be L. erythraeus. These two species are easily differentiated based on color pattern and morphological characteristics (see account of L. erythraeus below). The skin of the body of the holotype of Lepadichthys bilineatus is slightly wrinkled. We believe this may have resulted from the inadvertent partial drying of the specimen. This gives the faint impression of scales in the photograph (Fig. 1 A), however all clingfishes known at this time lack scales. The holotype of L. bilineatus is too desiccated to determine sensory pore number and arrangement, however we assume a similar arrangement and number of pores as seen in L. erythraeus (see description below). Recently, photographs of an unidentified clingfish taken at Musandam in the Strait of Hormuz (Oman) were presented to the second author by Mr. Patrick Louisy. The fish was seen at a depth of 15 m among spines of diadematid sea urchin. The individual photographed (Fig. 1, C–D) appears similar to L. bilineatus, and if it is indeed that species, would indicate that there is variation in the overall body color of the species and the prominence of the white lines extending along the head. Unfortunately it was not collected; we are unable to confirm that the individual is in fact L. bilineatus.Published as part of Craig, Matthew T., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Randall, John E. & Mal, Ahmad O., 2015, Lepadichthys bilineatus, a new species of clingfish from Oman (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae), with a redescription of Lepadichthys erythraeus Briggs and Link from the Red Sea, pp. 113-122 in Zootaxa 3990 (1) on pages 114-117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3990.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23855
The Fed and the new monetary consensus: The Case for Rate Hikes, Part Two
No full textThe most charitable interpretation of the Federal Reserve's recent interest rate hikes is that they appear to have been premature. A convincing array of data on payrolls, employment-to-population ratios, and other labor market indicators show that the current recovery has not yet attained the degree of labor market tightness that was common in previous recoveries, and therefore that the threat of inflation is minimal. Hence, the Fed, in raising rates, was unnecessarily jeopardizing the economy's weak recovery. In this new brief, we learn about the flaws in the Fed's thinking that have led to its frequent policy mistakes. Author L. Randall Wray traces several strands of current central bank thinking back to their roots in the Fed's internal discussions in the mid-1990s. Transcripts of these discussions have recently been released, a development that has yielded some disturbing and telling insights about the way in which monetary policy is formed
Correction to: Machine learning for rhabdomyosarcoma histopathology (Modern Pathology, (2022), 35, 9, (1193-1203), 10.1038/s41379-022-01075-x)
No full textThe original version of this article unfortunately contained a formatting error in one of the author names which causes indexing issues on PubMed. The author that requires a change is: Dr Randall who was listed as Surname: Lor Randall Middle initial: none First initial: R The authors prefer the format to change to be: Surname: Randall Middle initial: L (for Lor) First initial: R The original article has been corrected accordingly. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology 202
- …
