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Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."(photograph)
No full textPhotograph of Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."
Gesundheitswissenschaften und Medizin in Brandenburg : Status Quo und Perspektiven für die Gesundheitsregion Berlin-Brandenburg
No full textDer Denkanstoß 12 „Gesundheitswissenschaften und Medizin in Brandenburg“ ist eine Fortschreibung von Denkanstoß 8 „Gesundheitsregion Berlin-Brandenburg“, um dem Flächenland Brandenburg mit seinen spezifischen medizinisch-gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Strukturen und Entwicklungen den nötigen Raum zu bieten, diese Entwicklungen darzustellen. Diese Fortschreibung ist als ein Aufruf zu verstehen, Berlin und Brandenburg noch mehr als bisher zusammen zu denken. Das Potential dieser beiden Regionen als eine Gesundheitsregion ist sehr groß und sollte daher gewinnbringend für beide Länder genutzt werden. Der „Denkanstoß“ ist auch das Resultat umfangreicher Diskussionen, vielfältiger Hinweise und wertvoller Anregungen von Vertreter:innen aus Wissenschaft, Klinik, Politik und Verwaltung des Landes Brandenburg aus dem Jahr 2022. Mit Beiträgen von Nathalie Dehne, Jouleen Gruhn, Christine Holmberg, Maria Radzimanowski, Felix G. Rebitschek, Isabelle Vandre und Andreas Winkelmann
Suche [Emilie Winkelmann Berlin 1914]
No full text"Emilie's work is significant because she was the first female architect in Germany to study and practice independently. But also because she found in her architecture a form that negated neither the achievements of architectural history nor the demands of her wholly new present." The vacuum in architectural history on Emilie Winkelmann's work leads to a search that focuses on her designs for the first German women's movement. Two extraordinary projects are realized in Berlin in 1914 - The Victoria Study House and the House of the German Lyceum Club. The buildings communicate in different ways the program of their users and thus tell of their empowerment within the urban space. The search is dedicated to the architectural history of a woman whose practice spans between the turn of the century and the Great War, between old and new understandings of the world and architecture. This precarious position is evident in her buildings. In her architecture, Emilie Winkelmann preserves the idea of inner function reflected in outward appearance, but unites it with the demands of the new age and the ambitions of the new building tasks. In this way, a modern expression is created on the basis of an awareness of architectural history. The work juxtaposes past and present. The text develops parallelly, feeding not only on the findings of the search, but also on its process. The buildings of Emilie Winkelmann in 1914 Berlin develop into references for the present city. In the process, much more fundamental questions arise. Contemporary architectural intentions and effects are contrasted, dominant values are recognized and scrutinized, and ultimately an architecture following Winkelmann's example is called for
Monopolistic Screening under Learning By Doing
No full textThis paper investigates the design of incentives in a dynamic adverse selection framework when agents’ production technologies display learning effects and agents’ rate of learning is private knowledge. In a simple two-period model with full commitment available to the principal, we show that whether learning effects are over- or under-exploited crucially depends on whether learning effects increase or decrease the principal’s uncertainty about agents’ costs of production. Hence, what drives the over- or underexploitation of learning effects is whether more efficient agents also learn faster (so costs diverge through learning effects) or whether it is the less efficient agents who learn faster (so costs converge). Furthermore, we show that if divergence in costs through learning effects is strong enough, learning effects will not be exploited at all, in a sense to be made precise.Asymmetric Information, Learning by Doing, Regulation
Parents’ assets and child marriage: are mother’s assets more protective than father’s assets?
No full textChild marriage places girls at an increased risk for dropping out of school early, sexually transmitted infections, teenage childbirth, and accompanying childbirth complications, including maternal mortality. The determinants of child marriage are not clearly understood, which hinders efforts to mount effective interventions. This study examined the link between economic resources and child marriage by investigating whether maternal and paternal asset ownership were longitudinally associated with daughters’ child marriage in Ethiopia. Drawing upon household bargaining theory, it was hypothesized that maternal assets would be more protective of daughters’ child marriage than paternal assets. Data for 4,293 girls from the nationally representative Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, fielded in 2011 and 2014, were employed. Logistic regression and instrumental variable analyses were used to examine the relationship between transition into child marriage during the study period and maternal and paternal assets, controlling for child-, family-, and community-level characteristics. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in mother’s assets was associated with 37–53% lower odds of daughter’s child marriage whereas a one standard deviation increase in paternal asset holdings was associated with 0–37% higher odds of daughter’s child marriage. Effects were strongest in regions where the dominant mode of marriage payments is bride price. These results suggest that the link between economic resources and child marriage depends on the gender of the parent who owns the resources. This study also highlights the interconnectedness of two targets of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal—improvement of women’s ownership of assets and the elimination of child marriage—and suggests that the realization of one gender equality target could have implications for other targets.Peer reviewe
Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: is there excess disability among girls?
No full textWe investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females.Peer reviewe
Effect of Food Subsidies on Micronutrient Consumption
No full textIn this article, we study the effect of an exogenous increase in wheat and rice price subsidy to poor families resulting from a targeted food price subsidy program in India called the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) on micronutrient intake in low-income families. Descriptive results show that wheat and rice have one of the lowest micronutrient density scores, suggesting that these are poor suppliers of micronutrients. Empirical analysis suggests that the increase in subsidy amount of Rs. 15-18 resulting from the TPDS expansion lowered calcium intake by 12-14 percent and had negligible to small (often negative) effects on the consumption of most micronutrients.Peer reviewe
Sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textObjective
In societies with a cultural preference for sons over daughters, women who do not bear sons may be at increased risk for spousal violence. This study examined whether women with daughters only are at an elevated risk for spousal sexual violence compared to women with sons only in sub-Saharan Africa. The study tested the hypothesis that the association between sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence would be observed only in large families.
Methods
Data were from the most recent (as at February, 2016) Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 22 sub-Saharan African countries for 37,915 women. Odds ratios comparing experience of spousal sexual violence of women with sons only to those with daughters only were estimated, separately for women with three or fewer children and those with four or more children, controlling for age, age at first cohabitation, age at first birth, educational attainment, urban residence, and household wealth.
Results
Having daughters only was associated with a greater likelihood of spousal sexual violence among women with many children (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02–2.30) but not among those with few children (AOR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.82–1.04).
Conclusions for practice
A higher risk of sexual violence for women without sons suggests that son preference may have implications on women’s health and wellbeing. Efforts to further understand and address increased risk of sexual violence for women without sons should consider son preference and intra-couple conflict concerning fertility intentions.Peer reviewe
Culture, labor supply, and fertility across immigrant generations in the United States
No full textRecent immigration to the United States and other developed nations has increasingly been from countries that have relatively traditional gender norms. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey for 2000–14 to investigate how source-country gender norms influence the labor supply and fertility of married women across immigrant generations in the US. It finds that immigrants’ and descendants’ labor supply and fertility are associated with the female-to-male labor force participation ratio and total fertility rate in the source country; importantly, the association declines across successive generations. Husbands’ source-country characteristics are also associated with the labor supply and fertility of immigrant women. These findings indicate evolution and assimilation of traditional gender norms in the long run.Peer reviewe
Is there a U-shaped Relation between Competition and Investment?
No full textWe argue that, in a simple setting, the relation between the intensity of competition and cost-reducing investment is U-shaped. We consider a two-stage game with cost-reducing investments followed by a linear differentiated Cournot duopoly. We first show that, except for firms that are much less efficient than the competitor, investment in the subgame-perfect equilibrium is minimal for intermediate levels of competition, which is inversely parameterized by the extent of product differentiation. An extensive set of laboratory experiments also provides support for the U-shape, both for symmetric firms and for leaders. Also consistent with predictions, the relation is negative for firms that are lagging behind.Investment, intensity of competition, experiment
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