283 research outputs found
Optimal copyright length and ex post investment: a Mickey Mouse approach
No full textThis paper formally explores the optimal length of copyright protection when the value of an intellectual work changes over time due to depreciation and value-enhancing ex-post investments. The first main finding is that, in the case of a single project, granting infinitely-lived copyright protection maximizes social welfare when the return on ex-post investments is high relative to the return on the initial investment. We also provide simulation results of our model for the case of multiple heterogeneous projects that show how social welfare varies with the length of copyright protection and the returns on initial and ex-post investments. We then consider what our framework says concerning the social-welfare effects of the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act. Here we show that, depending on the importance of ex-post investments, the act may have either increased or decreased social welfare. Our final analysis considers the social-welfare implications of replacing fixed-length copyright protection with Landes and Posner's (2003) idea of indefinitely-renewable copyright protection. We find that implementing indefinitely-renewable copyright protection frequently increases social welfare provided the returns on ex-post investments are sufficiently large. We also provide a brief history of Disney's Mickey Mouse and argue that the history of that character matches quite well with the predictions of our theoretical approach.Optimal copyright length; copyright term extension act
Mickey
No full text1 vocal score (3 p.) ; 31 cm. "Adapted from Mack Sennett's $500,000 photoplay 'Mickey' and respectfully dedicated to Miss Mabel Normand"--Cover. Illustrated cover with image of Mabel Normand / Barbelle
Mickey Spillane’s Necropolis
No full textThis chapter links the biography and ideology of best-selling pulp author Mickey Spillane with the emergent image of the dying city after World War II. Spillane crafted an image of New York City as physically decaying, demographically in flux, and overrun by violent criminals. These problems required an authoritarian response, illustrated by the character of Mike Hammer, a private investigator turned vigilante who skirts due process to restore order. Spillane’s work offered a template for various critics of New York in the postwar era, as demonstrated in the chapters that follow.</p
Mickey
No full text1 vocal score (3 p.) ; 31 cm. Illustrated cover with image of Mabel Normand / Barbelle
Mickey
No full text1 vocal score (3 p.) ; 35 cm. Illustrated cover with image of Mabel Normand / L. E. Morgan
Mickey
No full text1 vocal score (3 p.) ; 26 cm. Illustrated cover with image of Mabel Normand / Barbelle. Previously copyrighted, 1918, by Daniels & Wilson Inc., San Francisco, Cal
Study of the Mickey Mouse houses in Warfield, B.C.:
No full textWith the given Anthropology Report, I decided to do a study of the development (shown in photos) and the style of Houses in the Village of Warfield. This subject interested me not only because of the unique styling but also the variations that can be found within one style.An expansion of the author's paper, Development and architecture of the Village of Warfield.
Student paper submitted for Anthropology 101
The beginnings of real-time PCR
No full textDuring the mid-1990s the PCR was becoming a mature technology, impacting such areas such as clon-ing and automated sequencing. Many scientists were making efforts to tame the quantitative power of PCR. The power of exponential amplification was tremen-dous, but it had proven hard to control in quantitative applications. Many attempts were made to use so-called end-point quantification. This approach at-tempted to determine a starting target concentration based on the quantification of the final amplified prod-uct. Several aspects of PCR complicated the success of these efforts. A major source of difficulty was that PCR often reaches a plateau stage at which exponential am-plification ceases and there is very little to no further product accumulation. Therefore, the product concen
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