3,045 research outputs found

    Organisational Effectiveness: Debates behind measurement issues in the Public Health Sector

    No full text
    This paper presents a discussion and exploration of influences into the development of performance measurements in the public sector. Such measures are subject to individual (rational decision-makers), managerial (goal congruent) and organisational (political philosophy) variations A case study (PHARMAC) is used by way of example to describe one organisation’s response to the complex relationships that exist within the public health sector. However, this paper does not attempt to describe or prescribe how public sector entities should behave. Rather, it is hoped to enable those responsible for developing public sector performance measures through an informed presentation of the influences on such actions.UnpublishedAbernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1990), "Physicians and Resource Management in Hospitals: An Empirical Investigation," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring, pp. 17-31. Abernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1995), "The Role of Professional Control in the Management of Complex Organizations," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-17. Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/ARep03.pdf Annual Review 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/AR03.pdf Anthony, Robert N. and David W. Young (1994), Management Control in Nonprofit Organizations, 5th edition, Irwin, Illinois. Ashton, Toni, Donald Besley, Pat Alley and Gary Taylor (1991), “Reforming the New Zealand Health System: Lessons from Other Countries,” Report of a study tour sponsored by Health Boards New Zealand. Birkett, Donald J., Andrew S. Mitchell and Peter McManus (2001), “A Cost-Effectiveness Approach to Drug Subsidy and Pricing in Australia,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 104-115. Boston, Jonathan, John Martin, June Pallot and Pat Walsh (1996), Public Management: The New Zealand Model, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Bourn, Michael and Mahmoud Ezzamel (1986), "Organisational Culture in Hospitals in the National Health Service," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 2, No. 3, Autumn, pp. 203-225. Burton, Stephan L., Lauren Randel, Karen Titlow and Ezekiel J. Emmanuel (2001), “The Ethics of Pharmaceutical Benefit Management,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 150-164. Chua, Wai Fong (1995), "Experts, Networks and Inscriptions in the Fabrication of Accounting Images: A Story of the Representation of Three Public Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 2/3, pp. 111-145. Coombs, R.W. (1987), "Accounting for the Control of Doctors: Management Information Systems in Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 389-404. Coupe, Mike (1991), "Medical Involvement in Management: A Natural Corollary of the Budget Reforms?" in New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 104, No. 922, 23 October, pp. 450-452. Di Tommaso, Marco R. and Stuart O. Schweitzer (2001), “The Health Industry: More than Just Containing Costs,” The Background Paper for The Ferrara Health Industry Policy Forum, Institute for Industrial Development. Geare, A.J., R. Turner, R.J. Moore, G.R. Elkin, T.W. Batley and M.T. Fay (1987), The Principles and Practice of Management, Pitman New Zealand, Wellington. Hofstede, Geert (1981), "Management Control of Public and Not-for-Profit Activities," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 193-211. Hughes, Owen E. (1994), Public Management & Administration: An Introduction, St. Martin’s Press, New York. Laughlin, Richard (1995), “Methodological Themes – Empirical Research in Accounting: Alternative Approaches and a Case or ‘Middle-Range’ Thinking,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 63-87. Lawrence, Stewart, Manzurul Alam and Tony Lowe (1994), “The Great Experiment: Financial Management Reform in the NZ Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 68-95. Lawrence, S., M. Alam, D. Northcott and T. Lowe (1997), “Accounting Systems and Systems of Accountability in the New Zealand Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 665-683. Locke, Edwin A. and Gary P. Latham (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Lodh, Sudhim C., and Michael J.R. Gaffikin (1997), “Critical Studies in Accounting Research, Rationality and Habermas: A Methodological Reflection,” in Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 8, pp. 433-474. Llewellyn, Sue, Ron Eden and Colin Lay (1999), “Financial and Professional Incentives in Health Care: comparing the U.K. and Canadian experiences,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 6-16. Lofgren, Hans and Rebecca de Boer (2004), “Pharmaceuticals in Australia: Developments in Regulation and Governance,” in Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 2397-2407. Lowry, John F. (1990), "Management Accounting and Service Industries: An Exploratory Account of Historical and Current Economic Contexts," in Abacus, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 159-184. Ministry of Health website: http://www.moh.govt.nz/publichospitals Monks, R. and N. Minow (1995), “Shareholders: Ownership” in Corporate Governance, Ch. 2, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/actlists.html Norris, Gweneth and Brendan O’Dwyer (2004), “Motivating Socially Responsive Decision-Making: the Operation of Management Controls in a Socially Responsive Organisation,” in British Accounting Review, Vol. 36, pp. 173-196. Operating Policies and Procedures of the Pharmaceutical Management Agency (2001), second edition, January, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/opps.pdf Ouchi, William G. (1979), "A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms," in Management Science, Vol. 25, No. 9, September, pp. 833-848. Phillips, Ceri and Guy Thompson (1998), “What is a QALY?,” Hayward Medical Communictions, available through www.evidence-based-medicine.co.uk Popkin, Richard H. and Avrum Stroll (1993), Philosophy, 3rd edition, Made Simple Books, Oxford. Public Finance Act 1989, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts /public/text/1989/an/044.html Roberts, Trevor (1992), "The Ethics and Politics of Health Care Delivery: Where to Now?" in New Zealand Health and Hospital, Jan.-Feb., pp. 21-24. Scott, Graham (2001), Public Management in New Zealand, Centre for Law and Economics, Australian National University. Sculpher, M.J. and M. Price (2003), “Measuring Costs and Consequences in Economic Evaluation in Asthma,” in Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 97, pp. 508-520. Simon, Herbert A. (1978), “Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought,” Richard T. Ely Lecture, in American Economic Association, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 1-16. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2000), Economics of the Public Sector, 3rd ed., W.W. Norton & Company, New York. Van Peursem, K.A., M.J. Pratt and S.R. Lawrence (1995), “Health Management Performance; a review of measures and indicators,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 34-70. Willcocks, Stephen George (2002), “Adopting a Multi-Perspective Approach to the Study of Public Sector Managerial Effectiveness,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 262-280. Wright, Edmond (2005), “Perceiving Socially and Morally: The Question of Triangulation,” in Philosphy, Vol. 80, pp. 53-75

    Organisational Effectiveness: Debates behind measurement issues in the Public Health Sector

    No full text
    This paper presents a discussion and exploration of influences into the development of performance measurements in the public sector. Such measures are subject to individual (rational decision-makers), managerial (goal congruent) and organisational (political philosophy) variations A case study (PHARMAC) is used by way of example to describe one organisation’s response to the complex relationships that exist within the public health sector. However, this paper does not attempt to describe or prescribe how public sector entities should behave. Rather, it is hoped to enable those responsible for developing public sector performance measures through an informed presentation of the influences on such actions.UnpublishedAbernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1990), "Physicians and Resource Management in Hospitals: An Empirical Investigation," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring, pp. 17-31. Abernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1995), "The Role of Professional Control in the Management of Complex Organizations," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-17. Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/ARep03.pdf Annual Review 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/AR03.pdf Anthony, Robert N. and David W. Young (1994), Management Control in Nonprofit Organizations, 5th edition, Irwin, Illinois. Ashton, Toni, Donald Besley, Pat Alley and Gary Taylor (1991), “Reforming the New Zealand Health System: Lessons from Other Countries,” Report of a study tour sponsored by Health Boards New Zealand. Birkett, Donald J., Andrew S. Mitchell and Peter McManus (2001), “A Cost-Effectiveness Approach to Drug Subsidy and Pricing in Australia,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 104-115. Boston, Jonathan, John Martin, June Pallot and Pat Walsh (1996), Public Management: The New Zealand Model, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Bourn, Michael and Mahmoud Ezzamel (1986), "Organisational Culture in Hospitals in the National Health Service," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 2, No. 3, Autumn, pp. 203-225. Burton, Stephan L., Lauren Randel, Karen Titlow and Ezekiel J. Emmanuel (2001), “The Ethics of Pharmaceutical Benefit Management,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 150-164. Chua, Wai Fong (1995), "Experts, Networks and Inscriptions in the Fabrication of Accounting Images: A Story of the Representation of Three Public Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 2/3, pp. 111-145. Coombs, R.W. (1987), "Accounting for the Control of Doctors: Management Information Systems in Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 389-404. Coupe, Mike (1991), "Medical Involvement in Management: A Natural Corollary of the Budget Reforms?" in New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 104, No. 922, 23 October, pp. 450-452. Di Tommaso, Marco R. and Stuart O. Schweitzer (2001), “The Health Industry: More than Just Containing Costs,” The Background Paper for The Ferrara Health Industry Policy Forum, Institute for Industrial Development. Geare, A.J., R. Turner, R.J. Moore, G.R. Elkin, T.W. Batley and M.T. Fay (1987), The Principles and Practice of Management, Pitman New Zealand, Wellington. Hofstede, Geert (1981), "Management Control of Public and Not-for-Profit Activities," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 193-211. Hughes, Owen E. (1994), Public Management & Administration: An Introduction, St. Martin’s Press, New York. Laughlin, Richard (1995), “Methodological Themes – Empirical Research in Accounting: Alternative Approaches and a Case or ‘Middle-Range’ Thinking,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 63-87. Lawrence, Stewart, Manzurul Alam and Tony Lowe (1994), “The Great Experiment: Financial Management Reform in the NZ Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 68-95. Lawrence, S., M. Alam, D. Northcott and T. Lowe (1997), “Accounting Systems and Systems of Accountability in the New Zealand Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 665-683. Locke, Edwin A. and Gary P. Latham (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Lodh, Sudhim C., and Michael J.R. Gaffikin (1997), “Critical Studies in Accounting Research, Rationality and Habermas: A Methodological Reflection,” in Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 8, pp. 433-474. Llewellyn, Sue, Ron Eden and Colin Lay (1999), “Financial and Professional Incentives in Health Care: comparing the U.K. and Canadian experiences,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 6-16. Lofgren, Hans and Rebecca de Boer (2004), “Pharmaceuticals in Australia: Developments in Regulation and Governance,” in Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 2397-2407. Lowry, John F. (1990), "Management Accounting and Service Industries: An Exploratory Account of Historical and Current Economic Contexts," in Abacus, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 159-184. Ministry of Health website: http://www.moh.govt.nz/publichospitals Monks, R. and N. Minow (1995), “Shareholders: Ownership” in Corporate Governance, Ch. 2, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/actlists.html Norris, Gweneth and Brendan O’Dwyer (2004), “Motivating Socially Responsive Decision-Making: the Operation of Management Controls in a Socially Responsive Organisation,” in British Accounting Review, Vol. 36, pp. 173-196. Operating Policies and Procedures of the Pharmaceutical Management Agency (2001), second edition, January, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/opps.pdf Ouchi, William G. (1979), "A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms," in Management Science, Vol. 25, No. 9, September, pp. 833-848. Phillips, Ceri and Guy Thompson (1998), “What is a QALY?,” Hayward Medical Communictions, available through www.evidence-based-medicine.co.uk Popkin, Richard H. and Avrum Stroll (1993), Philosophy, 3rd edition, Made Simple Books, Oxford. Public Finance Act 1989, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts /public/text/1989/an/044.html Roberts, Trevor (1992), "The Ethics and Politics of Health Care Delivery: Where to Now?" in New Zealand Health and Hospital, Jan.-Feb., pp. 21-24. Scott, Graham (2001), Public Management in New Zealand, Centre for Law and Economics, Australian National University. Sculpher, M.J. and M. Price (2003), “Measuring Costs and Consequences in Economic Evaluation in Asthma,” in Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 97, pp. 508-520. Simon, Herbert A. (1978), “Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought,” Richard T. Ely Lecture, in American Economic Association, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 1-16. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2000), Economics of the Public Sector, 3rd ed., W.W. Norton & Company, New York. Van Peursem, K.A., M.J. Pratt and S.R. Lawrence (1995), “Health Management Performance; a review of measures and indicators,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 34-70. Willcocks, Stephen George (2002), “Adopting a Multi-Perspective Approach to the Study of Public Sector Managerial Effectiveness,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 262-280. Wright, Edmond (2005), “Perceiving Socially and Morally: The Question of Triangulation,” in Philosphy, Vol. 80, pp. 53-75

    Organisational Effectiveness: Debates behind measurement issues in the Public Health Sector

    No full text
    This paper presents a discussion and exploration of influences into the development of performance measurements in the public sector. Such measures are subject to individual (rational decision-makers), managerial (goal congruent) and organisational (political philosophy) variations A case study (PHARMAC) is used by way of example to describe one organisation’s response to the complex relationships that exist within the public health sector. However, this paper does not attempt to describe or prescribe how public sector entities should behave. Rather, it is hoped to enable those responsible for developing public sector performance measures through an informed presentation of the influences on such actions.UnpublishedAbernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1990), "Physicians and Resource Management in Hospitals: An Empirical Investigation," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, Spring, pp. 17-31. Abernethy, Margaret A. and Johannes U. Stoelwinder (1995), "The Role of Professional Control in the Management of Complex Organizations," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 1-17. Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/ARep03.pdf Annual Review 2003, Pharmaceutical Management Agency, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/AR03.pdf Anthony, Robert N. and David W. Young (1994), Management Control in Nonprofit Organizations, 5th edition, Irwin, Illinois. Ashton, Toni, Donald Besley, Pat Alley and Gary Taylor (1991), “Reforming the New Zealand Health System: Lessons from Other Countries,” Report of a study tour sponsored by Health Boards New Zealand. Birkett, Donald J., Andrew S. Mitchell and Peter McManus (2001), “A Cost-Effectiveness Approach to Drug Subsidy and Pricing in Australia,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 104-115. Boston, Jonathan, John Martin, June Pallot and Pat Walsh (1996), Public Management: The New Zealand Model, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Bourn, Michael and Mahmoud Ezzamel (1986), "Organisational Culture in Hospitals in the National Health Service," in Financial Accountability and Management, Vol. 2, No. 3, Autumn, pp. 203-225. Burton, Stephan L., Lauren Randel, Karen Titlow and Ezekiel J. Emmanuel (2001), “The Ethics of Pharmaceutical Benefit Management,” in Health Affairs, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 150-164. Chua, Wai Fong (1995), "Experts, Networks and Inscriptions in the Fabrication of Accounting Images: A Story of the Representation of Three Public Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 20, No. 2/3, pp. 111-145. Coombs, R.W. (1987), "Accounting for the Control of Doctors: Management Information Systems in Hospitals," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 389-404. Coupe, Mike (1991), "Medical Involvement in Management: A Natural Corollary of the Budget Reforms?" in New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 104, No. 922, 23 October, pp. 450-452. Di Tommaso, Marco R. and Stuart O. Schweitzer (2001), “The Health Industry: More than Just Containing Costs,” The Background Paper for The Ferrara Health Industry Policy Forum, Institute for Industrial Development. Geare, A.J., R. Turner, R.J. Moore, G.R. Elkin, T.W. Batley and M.T. Fay (1987), The Principles and Practice of Management, Pitman New Zealand, Wellington. Hofstede, Geert (1981), "Management Control of Public and Not-for-Profit Activities," in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 193-211. Hughes, Owen E. (1994), Public Management & Administration: An Introduction, St. Martin’s Press, New York. Laughlin, Richard (1995), “Methodological Themes – Empirical Research in Accounting: Alternative Approaches and a Case or ‘Middle-Range’ Thinking,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 63-87. Lawrence, Stewart, Manzurul Alam and Tony Lowe (1994), “The Great Experiment: Financial Management Reform in the NZ Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 68-95. Lawrence, S., M. Alam, D. Northcott and T. Lowe (1997), “Accounting Systems and Systems of Accountability in the New Zealand Health Sector,” in Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 665-683. Locke, Edwin A. and Gary P. Latham (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Lodh, Sudhim C., and Michael J.R. Gaffikin (1997), “Critical Studies in Accounting Research, Rationality and Habermas: A Methodological Reflection,” in Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 8, pp. 433-474. Llewellyn, Sue, Ron Eden and Colin Lay (1999), “Financial and Professional Incentives in Health Care: comparing the U.K. and Canadian experiences,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 6-16. Lofgren, Hans and Rebecca de Boer (2004), “Pharmaceuticals in Australia: Developments in Regulation and Governance,” in Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 58, No. 12, pp. 2397-2407. Lowry, John F. (1990), "Management Accounting and Service Industries: An Exploratory Account of Historical and Current Economic Contexts," in Abacus, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 159-184. Ministry of Health website: http://www.moh.govt.nz/publichospitals Monks, R. and N. Minow (1995), “Shareholders: Ownership” in Corporate Governance, Ch. 2, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/actlists.html Norris, Gweneth and Brendan O’Dwyer (2004), “Motivating Socially Responsive Decision-Making: the Operation of Management Controls in a Socially Responsive Organisation,” in British Accounting Review, Vol. 36, pp. 173-196. Operating Policies and Procedures of the Pharmaceutical Management Agency (2001), second edition, January, available through http://www.pharmac.govt.nz/pdf/opps.pdf Ouchi, William G. (1979), "A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms," in Management Science, Vol. 25, No. 9, September, pp. 833-848. Phillips, Ceri and Guy Thompson (1998), “What is a QALY?,” Hayward Medical Communictions, available through www.evidence-based-medicine.co.uk Popkin, Richard H. and Avrum Stroll (1993), Philosophy, 3rd edition, Made Simple Books, Oxford. Public Finance Act 1989, available through http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts /public/text/1989/an/044.html Roberts, Trevor (1992), "The Ethics and Politics of Health Care Delivery: Where to Now?" in New Zealand Health and Hospital, Jan.-Feb., pp. 21-24. Scott, Graham (2001), Public Management in New Zealand, Centre for Law and Economics, Australian National University. Sculpher, M.J. and M. Price (2003), “Measuring Costs and Consequences in Economic Evaluation in Asthma,” in Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 97, pp. 508-520. Simon, Herbert A. (1978), “Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought,” Richard T. Ely Lecture, in American Economic Association, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 1-16. Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2000), Economics of the Public Sector, 3rd ed., W.W. Norton & Company, New York. Van Peursem, K.A., M.J. Pratt and S.R. Lawrence (1995), “Health Management Performance; a review of measures and indicators,” in Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 34-70. Willcocks, Stephen George (2002), “Adopting a Multi-Perspective Approach to the Study of Public Sector Managerial Effectiveness,” in International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 262-280. Wright, Edmond (2005), “Perceiving Socially and Morally: The Question of Triangulation,” in Philosphy, Vol. 80, pp. 53-75

    Implied Author, Overall Consideration, and Subtext of "Desiree's Baby"

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    This essay explores how to infer from a text the image of the implied author. It examines Kate Chopin's "Desiree's Baby" (1893), which has been widely regarded as an indictment of racism but which an "overall consideration" of the implied author's choices will lead us to see as a racist text. Through the interaction of various details in the text, the implied author suggests three racist dichotomies: (1) white characters' nondiscrimination versus black characters' discrimination, (2) positive slavery under white masters versus negative slavery under a black master, and (3) superior whites versus inferior blacks. This implied racist stance reflects the historical context of Chopin's personal experiences, but it contrasts with the quite different racial stances of the implied authors of some other Chopin narratives with different thematic designs. The complexity of the narratives under the name "Kate Chopin" offers an opportunity not only to gain a better understanding of the concept of implied author but also to clarify the relations (connections as well as disparities) among textual, intertextual, and extratextual evidence in literary interpretation in general.LiteratureA&HCI4ARTICLE2285-3113

    Williams Album 0 : p. 35

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    Newspaper clippings and obituaries (1937-1938). Page is hand numbered '35'. -- Article by Dr. Irving S. Cutter on artificial respiration called How to Keep Well describes a technique proposed by Henry Robert Silvester. -- March, 1937 - Obiturary of Otto Kaikkonen, of Fulton. Survived by: children Ellen Kaikkonen, Ruth Kaikkonen, Marjorie Kaikkonen, Dorothy Kaikkonen, and William Kaikkonen, brothers Jacab Kaikkonen and Henry Kaikkonen of Calumet Waterworks, John Kaikkonen, and Eric Kaikkonen of Finland and sister Mrs. Arvid Jarvi of Hancock. Services at Fulton church, Rev. Walter Torala, Clyde Johnston Post, of American Legion of Keweenaw in charge, body placed in Lakeview vault. -- Ellsworth Goodreau, son of Mr. And Mrs. H. L. Goodreau, weds Florence Darlene Schwartz, daughter of Frederick Schwartz, at Presbyterian parsonage in Gary by Dr. F. W. Beckmeyer. Guests included: Mrs. Jack L. Beyers, Kay Beyers, and Margaret Goodreau. -- Poem by Wesley Williams titled Montana at Taylor's, about a card game, mentions Bert Taylor, Jim Stevens, Martin, Snell, Big Ben. -- Obiturary of John Trevarrow, Spanish American War veteran. Stricken near Portage Coal and Dock Company office on Red Jacket Road, enroute to Armistice dinner. Served in Company D, 34th Michigan Infantry, commander of Calumet Post, Spanish War Veterans, custodian of Calumet Armory, employed by Calumet and Hecla Copper Company. Surviving are brothers Christopher Trevarrow, and James Trevarrow. -- 1938 - Norine Rebekah Lodge Number 56, conducts memorial service for members of Keweenaw Lodge I.O.O.F. Number 535 at the Odd Fellows Hall at Ahmeek. Rev. Tink will give address, entertainment by Mrs. J.C. Penpraze, the Ahmeek quartet, Edward Snell, Williams Burrows, Wesley Williams, Harry Kedtle, and Mrs. Harold Allen. -- Aug., 1937 - Obiturary of John Lavers, of Laurium and Kearsarge,employed by Kearsarge Mines. Surviving: brother William Lavers, sister Honor Lavers, step mother Mary Lavers. -- 1937- Obiturary of Kate Lavers, of Laurium and Kearsarge, husband worked at Kearsarge Mine. She was a member of Kearsarge M. E. church. Surviving are sister Mrs. John Vivian, Mrs. William H. Coombe, and Mrs John Rutter

    Origin, Impact, and Reaction to Misogynistic Behaviors: An Interview with Kate A. Manne, PhD

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    Kate A. Manne is an associate professor at the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University, where she has been teaching since 2013. Before that, she was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows (2011–2013), did her graduate work at MIT (2006–2011), and was an undergraduate at the University of Melbourne (2001–2005), where she studied philosophy, logic, and computer science. Her current research is primarily in moral, feminist, and social philosophy. She is the author of two books, including her first book Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny and her latest book Entitled: How Male Privilege Hurts Women. Manne has also published a number of scholarly papers about the foundations of morality, and she regularly writes opinion pieces, essays, and reviews in venues—including The New York Times, The Boston Review, the Huffington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education

    Gender politics and isolation in Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" and Tennessee William's "A Streetcar Named Desire"

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    Kate Chopin and Tennessee Williams explore the theme of marginalization and oppression of women by creating women characters who are fighting against the control of a male patriarchy and searching for their own form of freedom. This thesis explores the significant details of the background and influence of the lives of Chopin and Williams. An examination of the male/female relationships of Edna Pontellier in Chopin's novel The Awakening and Blanche DuBois in Williams' drama A Streetcar Named Desire shows their struggle for control and definition in a male patriarchy. Both characters also struggle within themselves to find a compromise between acceptable women's roles that are exhibited in other characters. Both women are forced to escape into ultimate forms of isolation. Edna seeks release in suicide; Blanche retreats into insanity. The final chapter describes how these characters represent universal themes that are still relevant issues for women today

    Colors 2005

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    CONTENTS Redwoods, Randy E. Hussey 1; Felling an Engelmann, Sam Ellis 2; Out of the Woods, Kate Wilson 3; Powwow Magic, Lenore McKelvey Puhek 4; Here Are Aspen So Sensuous, Scott Walter 10; The Savemobile, Adam Wright 11; Emma, Judith S. Williams 12; Lessons in a Greenhouse, Sam Ellis 13; Gold Creek (Angeles Forest), Richard O. Niño 14; Palm Pilot, Scott Walter 17; Dessert Music, Bill Borneman 19; Your Smell Invades My Nostrils and Lingers, David Gerke 20; Fucking Skunks, Will Boland 21; Emperor Jack, Barry Ferst, Ph.D 22; Committee: Vessel. Ruler. Roll., Kolleen Rivers 25; Guadalupe Hill (Winter), Richard O. Nino 26; In Praise of Rodney Street, Bill Lovelady 27; Mirror, Abby Shea Denson 29; Please, No More Favors, Danny Mack 30; Drips, Marcus Simonich 31; On Fellini's "Amarcord", Brynn Holt 32; Morning Fog in Ireland, Sam Ellis 33; A Postcard to You, Far Away, Loren Graham 34; The Last Longhorn, Jeremy Schmidt 35; Bornemanization Takes Command, Bill Borneman 36; Golden Confusion, Darcy Poletti Harp 37; Maize, Christine Nelson 38; Off to the Side, Randy E. Hussey 39; (Another) Letter to a Professor, Kolleen Rivers 40; Vintage, Abby Shea Denson 41; Picture of a Muse, Jodi Schmitz 43; Song of Community, Paulette Kohman 44; Lovers, Bill Lovelady 47; If She’s Cute Enough, I’ll Fall for Anything, Danny Mack 48; I Fear Forever, Tim Bowman 49; Equality, Gretchen Rangitsch 50; Breath Still, Scott Walter 51; Annabelle My Saving Grace, Jeremy Schmidt 52; Extra Lime, Kate Wilson 53; Make the Crooked Path Straight, Bill Lovelady 54; It Just Didn’t Work Out, Kate Staley 56; Hunted, Newell Roche 58; Flight, Loren Graham 65; Untitled, Sean McDonald 66; Trained to Kill, Bill Lovelady 67; Triumph, Brynn Holt 69
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