This thesis explores the development of a quality assurance solution specifically tailored for training programs. Prowareness is a consultancy firm specialised in agile transformations. A big part of their value proposition is training. Prowareness is growing and has a reputation for offering training to high end clients. However, in order to ensure a consistent client experience, they are in need of a quality assurance model. The author uses a double diamond approach. First, relevant literature is studied to gain more insights on the topic of quality, intrinsic motivation, and agile. The data analysis in the discovery phase is done using the Straussian approach of the Grounded Theory Methodology and a questionnaire. The main insight from the analysis was that currently employees each have their own definition and approach to quality assurance of training. Also, the employees have the need for a standardised quality assurance model. From the data analysis the author formulates a product goal that says: “The product goal is to provide a comprehensive description of the process to be followed before, during, and after conducting a training, along with its implementation. The aim is to ensure that every trainer follows the same process, creating a shared understanding and a standardised approach for quality assurance.”The content of the solution is developed with input gathered in several co-creation sessions with Prowareness employees. The author considers the employees as the experts of the content. Also, including the employees in the creation of the product, increases the chances of adoption and boosts intrinsic motivation. Based on the input and design criteria, the form of the final product is then chosen by the author. The result is a live Handbook that employees can read to know exactly the steps that need to be taken before, during, and after a training. Since it is a live document, it can easily be updated in real time by the responsible person. The author also provides an implementation strategy that is needed for the roll-out of the Handbook within the company. The author ends with recommendations for Prowareness regarding quality assurance. Strategic Product Desig
By 2050, the Netherlands aims to achieve a climate-neutral society, however over 90% of buildings currently use natural gas or fossil fuel oil as their main resource of energy. To align with this goal, the Dutch energy company is taking measures to phase out natural gas and promote district heating. This research outlines a strategic path for the energy company to connect existing residential areas to district heating, utilizing a combination of roadmapping and the double diamond process model.The initial phase involved stakeholder and competitor analysis, along with qualitative research through interviews with the energy company employees. Housing categories were established and prioritized, while the identified problems were refined. Additional interviews were conducted to look into the desirability of the to be developed solution. The subsequent phase involved individual brainstorming and various workshops, utilizing different methods to select and further develop the most promising solutions. Roadmaps were created, outlining strategic directions and required activities. Simultaneously, a future vision is formulated through strategic trend scanning and clustering, providing a long-term perspective and comprehensive understanding of the broader picture of the energy business in 2050.This study suggests the energy company to focus on five new innovations. All innovations propose the use of either new HIU’s or ways of connecting district heating to the HIU. These solutions combined have the maximum potential of connecting 67.2 percent of the buildings. Furthermore, the recommendation was made that, to meet future customer needs, the energy company should transition from their current role of organizing the energy transition to becoming a provider of knowledge and expertise.Lastly, it was found that to overcome challenges in adopting district heating, the energy company should improve their communication about their process, progress, and the benefits of district heating to the residents.Strategic Product Desig
Although biocomposites have been around for some years now, their use is still far from mainstream. Yet, the material properties of biocomposites and their current applications show a lot of potential for more sustainable, lightweight and structural applications in many industries. Long fibre biocomposites show good specific properties and offer unique benefits like high vibration damping. Furthermore, they have a significantly lower environmental impact than aluminium and synthetic composites. This project was commissioned by NPSP, a company with over 20 years of experience in the biocomposite industry. They experience a rising interest in biocomposites in recent years, but large scale applications are still rare. This project aimed to explore the potential of long fibre biocomposite applications in the mobility and transport industry. These industries feel the need to become more sustainable and the characteristics of long fibre biocomposites show other potential benefits. After initial material research was performed, nine weeks of project acquisition followed. Six companies participated in a short track of a maximum of two meetings to explore biocomposite potential for their corporation. The results of this process are analysed to obtain insights into what boundaries and opportunities companies see in biocomposites. From the results can be concluded that interest in biocomposites is present in these industries. The potential benefits of saving weight and opting for a more sustainable material are acknowledged by most companies. The main boundaries currently preventing companies to apply biocomposites are the high perceived risk of applying the material, high costs, a challenging end of life scenario and lack of more ‘off the shelf’ semi-manufactured biocomposite products. The current position of biocomposites can be referred to as the so-called ‘chasm’ in the technology adoption lifecycle (figure 1). At this point, an innovation is accepted in a few small niche markets but needs the acceptance of more mature companies and industries to grow or even survive. Assumed at the start of this project was that larger scale applications would lead biocomposites across the chasm. So after ten weeks of project acquisition, one case was selected to continue with in the second phase of the project. The process of this project showed that material innovation is a slow process. Reaching a collaboration and develop a biocomposite application in a half year project proved to be optimistic. Since the selected case showed slow progress, more effort could be spent on improving the credibility of biocomposites at NPSP and evaluating new material development opportunities. These efforts led to the development of a website proposal, a new sample set and three development opportunities to enable widespread adoption of long fibre biocomposites.Integrated Product Desig
Selecting the perfect cycling saddle can be a long and painful process trying and buying multiple saddles. Riding on the wrong type of saddle can cause various irritations and can even result in erectile dysfunction (Goldstein, 2007) and may in the end spoil the fun of cycling.A direction in the design of female saddles was chosen because all of the female questionnaire respondents experienced discomfort while cycling (appendix 7). The project was done with saddle brand PRO, which doesn’t have a female saddle shape yet in their product portfolio and most saddles on the market are based on male research. Male cyclists have various male based saddle shapes to choose from, females only a few. Female cyclists have a larger sit bone angle and a greater sit bone width. They also prefer a different pressure division on the saddle compared to male cyclists. Next to these anatomical differences, chaffing of the saddle nose, during the leg movement, is a problem that often occurs for females. Increasing the lifespan of the saddle, being able to repair or upgrade the saddle and adjusting the comfort level are things respondents seek in a new saddle (appendix 6) and are in my opinion the best way to be more sustainable. With a modular saddle structure, the durable use of carbon fibre can be extended over a longer time frame and be standardized.Additive manufacturing has the potential to be a manufacturing method for PRO saddles. Advantages are that forces can be locally absorbed by geometry and ductility can be modified. It is essential for PRO to get acquainted with the technique now to keep up with competitors. Next to that, this process allows customization and local production and could bring longevity by upgrades over the lifespan of the product. Being able to adjust the ductility and form is especially desirable for female cyclists, who have more sensitive pudendal nerves in their pelvises (Bicyclelab 2012). The availability of new additive manufacturing methods and the clear focus of Shimano to produce saddles with low environmental impact, make room for this new approach. Therefore, the goal of this project is to design a solution that captures females’ requirements and transform these into a road/gravel saddle. Women should be able to select the right saddle within the PRO collection.To determine sensitive focus areas, a sensitivity map (appendix 12) was made and is promising as a tool for future saddle design. This map adds in relieving sensitive zones and will increase the chance of designing a more comfortable saddle. This research showed that variation in female saddles is particularly needed in the current nose width, hardness and cutout position of the saddle.Research shows (appendix 6) that users want to be able to adjust their saddle to achieve the highest personal comfort levels. This Modular Saddle System [MSS] could give users the possibility to adjust their saddle to their preferences. With a modular saddle structure, the durable use of carbon fibre could be extended over a longer time frame. Next to that, being able to repair or upgrade can increase the lifespan of their saddle.To validate the concept of a modular saddle, models are made based on the most comfortable rewarded (appendix14) PRO saddle. A pressure map was used to prove or show what people feel when sitting on a saddle, together with a Likert comfort scale rating. Having modular parts depending on parameters like weight and personal preferences will allow every rider to be able to find the correct saddle in the PRO product portfolio.GraduationIntegrated Product Desig
The research phase starts with an extensive literature study. To this end, a research question was drawn up, which reads as follows: What possibilities does Additive Manufacturing (AM) offer in airworthy aircraft part production and in what way can suitable parts be selected and redesigned? The most interesting findings from this literature study are as follows. The 3 most frequently mentioned benefits that AM offers the aviation industry is the ability to produce complex geometry, lightweight part production and reduce material waste. Moreover, each conserved kg saves US3000onanannualbasisinfuel.DesignatedcertificationstandardsorcriteriaapplicableforAMpartsdonotexistyet.Besides,materialplaysanoverwhelmingroleintheselectionofanAMmachine.ThecurrentuseinthestudiedliteratureweremainlycertifiedmetalAMparts,allwerecriticalcomponentsfromtheengineorwing.Last,theproductionofplastictoolingislow−hangingfruit,whichmeansthatallthebenefitsthatAMofferscanalsobeusedhereandnocertificationisrequired.Theresultfromtheliteraturestudywasveryeducationalandbroad.However,notallfoundcanbeusedimmediatelyforKLM’spurpose.Asaresult,inthecontinuationoftheprojectaresometopicswhichwerenotapplicable,re−examinedandelaboratedforKLM’suse.ThisinvolvedfirstlyinvestigatingtheEuropeanregulatorybodies,EASA.Indeed,therearenostandardsorregulationsfortheuseofAMinaviationyet.However,weknowthat3Dprintedandcertifiedexists.EASAexplainstheimportanceofrepeatabilityoftheproductionprocessandtraceabilityofthematerialqualityisthemostimportantingeneralforproductionintheaviation.Whenwetalkaboutproducingandcertifyingparts,thecertificatesDOAandPOAofEASAareofimportance.WithaDOA,anorganizationisallowedtodesignnewpartswithinaspecificcategory.WhileaPOAallowsanorganizationtoproducenewpartswithinaspecificcategory.KLMholdsofaDOAinaircraftcabinparts,butdoesn’tholdaPOAyet.NextaretheapplicablebenefitsAMofferapplicableforKLMresearched.Thisresultedinthetop5offasterleadtime,integratingassemblies,reducingweight,customizationandreducingpurchasecosts.InthesamewayisthecurrentuseofAMbydirectcompetitorsofKLMinvestigated.Interestingtoseethatallthesepartswereplasticwhilemostexamplesintheliteraturewereaboutmetalparts.WiththisoutcomeandtheareainwhichKLMisallowedtodesignwithitsDOAisthecabin.Aninvestigationhasbeendoneintowhichplasticprintersmayactuallybeusedintheaviationindustrytoproducecertifiedparts,duetothefactthecabinmainlyconsistsofplasticparts.TheresultwasonlySLSandFDM.Becausethese2processesonlyhavematerialthatmeetsthegeneralcabinmaterialrequirementsapplicableintheaviation.Thereafter,alistofsuitablecomponentsforAMwasdrawnupat3differenttimeswithdifferenttechniquesexecutedduringthesemoments.Inadditionisaveryelaboratedtrade−offtableconstructedtoselectpartwiththelargestpotentialforeachofthepriorfoundtop5benefitsAMoffersKLM.Thelistofcriteriaofthetrade−offtableisbasedonpreviousAMbenefitconsequencerelationsfound.Allcriteriaareratedby8KLMexpertstoprovideobjectiveweights.Thisresultedintotheselectionof5productsforeachbenefit.ThedesignphaseWhenenteringthedesignphasewiththe5selectedproducts,itwasrealizedthatsomeoftheselectedwerecategoriesinsteadofspecificproducts.Anewroutehasbeencreatedforthistoeasilyfindpartnernumbersforeachcategoryandcompilerealparts.AMbenefit=SelectedcomponentFasterleadtime=ZodiacseatarmrestIntegratingassemblies∗=Toiletpaperholder∗Reduceweight=Recarobi−foldseattablesCustomization=BoeingwindowshadesReducepurchasecosts=ZodiacbusinessclasscabinbumpersNextisastandardtemplatecreatedwhichservesduringtheredesignprocessofeachpartandensuresstructurebutalsothateveryconceptisequallyworkedout.Thetemplateconsistsdetermining4comparisonaspects,mindmapping,inspirationcollage,ideasketching,CADmodeling,strengthanalysisandtestonprintability.The4comparisonaspectscreateanoverviewonpurchaseprice,leadtime,weightandamountofpartsbetweentheoriginalandredesignedparts.Thisovervieweasilydisplayswhetheranimprovementordeteriorationhasbeenachievedwiththeredesign.Thepurchasepriceandweightaredeterminedwithaconstructedformula.Theseformulashavebeendrawnupbasedontheratiomethod.Theleadtimewithanassumption,whiletheamountofpartscaneasilybecountedintheCADmodel.AfterthisstepiseveryredesigntestedforstrengthwithFEManalysis.Thisisdonebasedonspecificmaximumusescenarioscreatedforeachcomponent.TheforcesinthesescenariosaredeterminedbyDINED,anthropometricdatabasecreatedbyTUDelft.Thestrengthanalysisishighlyimportanttovalidateandacceptthedeterminedcomparisonaspectsfortheredesignedparts.Itcanbesharedthatallcomponentshavepassedthestrengthanalysis.Similarlyistestingonprintabilityofapartveryimportant.EventhoughallpartswillberedesignedforAM,theremaystillbereasonswhyacomponentisnotsuitableforprinting.Itisbesttoremovethesepartsasquicklyaspossible.Amethodhasbeendevisedforthis.Printabilityisrelatedto2conditions,thefunctionrequi¬rementsofthecomponentandprinterspecifi¬cations.AlistoffunctionrequirementsaresetupandlinkedtoprinterspecificationsofbothFDMandSLS.Whenselectingthefunctionrequirementsforthepart,thelimitationsoftheAMprocesswillimmediatelybediscoveredwhichwillservetodecidewhetherthepartfitsforAMornot.All5partshavebeendevelopedintoconceptswhereaccordingtodeterminationsverylargeimprovementshavebeenmadecomparedtotheoriginalpart.Themaintargetduringdevelopmentofthe5conceptswastheAMbenefitthispartwasselectedfor.WhileotheradvantagesofAMaresideconcerns.Onethingiscertain,therecanbelotsgainedevenwiththesideissues.Usingtheelaboratetrade−offtableconstructedpreviouslyforselectingthemostpro¬missingparttofurtherdevelop.ThisresultedintheselectionoftheZodiacseatarmrest.ThefinalphaseDuringthefinalphaseistheseatarmrestredesignedconceptfurtheroptimized.AspecificlistofrequirementshasbeenconstructedandfinedtunedbyKLMexpertsspecializedinairworthinessandseats.ConsequentlyistheAMprocessandmaterialselected,withwhichthestrengthanalysisoftheoptimizedcomponenthasbeencarriedout.TheprocessisSLSandmaterialisPA2241FR.Themaximumusagescenariohasbeenchangedtoanextremescenariowherethesizeofthepriorforceexertedonthecomponentintheconceptphaseisdoubledforthefinalphase.Theoptimizedcomponentevenpassedthisanalysis.AfterthistheprintabilitytestwasperformedforSLSandarethe4comparisonaspectsdetermined.Nextisthecomponentischeckedonitsprecisionofdimensionsandrealfitontheassemblybyproducingtangibleprototypes.IteratingthedesignintherealworldandrealuseofcontextresultedintofinalizingtheCADmodel.Withthefinalredesignedarmrestbeingpro¬ducedintheeventualrealspecifications,couldthisSLSprintedpartbeusedtovalidatethepreviouslydeterminedcomparisonaspectswiththeeventualrealaspects.Thisresultsin974.665.000 on an annual base. After all the previous steps in design, test and maturation in the process, we have now fully completed the development of the new part and printability has been proven. The last final step is making a statement on meeting previously set requirements and whether this part has a chance of obtaining a certification. This certification should declare the part being airworthy and therefore authorized to fly. To be able to make a substantiated statement, 7 experts actively on this topic were consulted. All have been shown the list of requirements and has the issue whether or not having a chance of success at KLM and obtaining certification for this redesign has been asked. We can conclude from the conversations and discussions held. That the results together prove the armrest meet previously set requirements and provide enough confidence to conclude that the new armrest will get certified and thus succeeded. The most important thing is that the operator (KLM) accepts the new part and expiry of the ETSO certificate. And the component must be proven for flammability and the moment of breaking will have sharp edges. We know that this has happened before, which generates sufficient confidence. All in all, the results from the discussions held with 7 experts together with the real comparison aspects of the SLS printed part shows that the project has led to an amazing and successful result.Integrated Product Desig
Because of human interventions in our seas, like commercial (over)fishing and the introduction of diseases, the presence and biodiversity of natural reefs is declining severely. Reefs provide a habitat for a variety of marine species and are of great value to marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is of importance to recover affected reefs. Also in the Dutch North Sea, a majority of the reef has disappeared, including reefs of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). Oysters in particular play a key role in reef ecosystems and are therefore the ideal starting point for the recovery of reefs in the Dutch North Sea. There is no possibility that these oysters will naturally recover: they are not numerous enough to naturally breed and spread. Therefore, there is a need for active restoration. Several methods for restoration exist already, however, these are not proven to be effective and have several drawbacks. Recently, marine biologists suggested a new method for the restoration of flat oyster reefs, where oyster larvae settle on a small product, which then gets sown in the ocean and naturally form oyster beds. However, this method is theoretical; no such product is developed yet. The goal of this graduation project is to develop this product: from conceptualization to embodiment to preliminary validation in laboratory settings. By the end of the project, the product is ready for field tests and will ultimately enable the restoration of reefs.Literature review showed no reference model or design guide, as no such products exist yet. Therefore, ideation started with the exploration of basic shapes and their behaviour underwater. These basic shapes were altered in such a way to fit the purpose, whereafter several iterative steps concluded in five final concepts. A practical approach enabled quick iterations. Simultaneously, exploration of bio-based materials suitable for an application underwater resulted in a material that meets requirements. Two concepts were chosen and made into operational prototypes to test in laboratory settings. These tests, executed in a sediment flume, indicated the performance of the products in water flow. One of the two concepts was more successful in this simulated environment; this product is elaborated.The final product promotes larvae settlement on the product and allows people to touch the product without touching settled larvae. The product sinks to the sea bottom and stays in place as much as possible, which entails resisting water flow up to 1.9 m/s. The design protects larvae against larger predators and makes sure they stay above the sediment. Finally, the product is large enough for a grown oyster and persists between six months and two years on the seabed, after which the naturally occurring material degrades into biologically safe components.In conclusion, a product has been designed that can enable the restoration of oyster reefs. With this product, large areas of reef can be restored in an effective and minimally invasive manner. As the indication of performance is only performed in laboratory settings, the advice is to validate in a relevant natural environment to improve knowledge about this product and method. These tests should clarify the performance of the product and the material.https://vimeo.com/682357271 Video showcase of the project.Integrated Product Desig
CUR; Proefproject: Open colloidaal beton a/s dijkbekleding; PT civiele techniek, april 1990. Burger, A.M., Eversdijk, P.J. en Hendriksma, A.M.; Open cementbeton toegepast a/s bekleding voor dijken; Zeewering Breskens, proefproject voor colloidaal beton; Land + Water, mei 1990. Burger, A.M., Eversdijk, P.J. en Hendriksma, A.M.; Colloidaal beton weerstaat zware storm en hoge golven; De praktijk van open cementbeton a/s Plaatbekleding; Land + Water, juni 1990. CUR; Cementbetonnen plaatbekledingen op dijken; Proefprojecten CUR; Civiele Techniek, No4, 1990. Vrieze, C.G. de; Betonnen dijken, groen a/s gras; Proeven met colloidaal beton voor begroeide rivierdijken; Land + Water No.6, juni 1991. Eversdijk, P.J. en Fase, A.G.; Breuksteen met colloidaal beton pakt rivierdijken goed in; Proefproject Opijnen in Julianakanaal; Land + Water No. 7/8, augustus 1991. Rijke, W.G. de en Burger, A.M.; Cementbetonnen plaatbekledingen op dijken en oevers; Praktische ontwerpmethode (1); Civiele Techniek, jaargang 46, No.3, 1991. Rijke, W.G. de en Burger, A.M.; Cementbetonnen plaatbekledingen op dijken en oevers theoretisch waterdicht; Praktische ontwerpmethode (2); Civiele Techniek, jaargang 46, No.4, 1991. CUR; oemonstratieproject open colloidaal beton Noordoostpolder; Civiele Techniek, No.3, 1991
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