162,926 research outputs found
Inger Dagmar Yvonne Wikström-Haugen (1944–2021), in memoriam
Inger Dagmar Yvonne Wikström-Haugen (1944–2021), in memoria
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
A search for solar dark matter with the IceCube neutrino telescope
Dark matter particles in the form of supersymmetric Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) could accumulate in the centre of the Sun because of gravitational trapping. Pair-wise annihilations of WIMPs could create standard model particles out of which neutrinos could reach the Earth. Data from the IceCube 22-string neutrino telescope have been searched for signals from dark matter annihilations in the Sun. Highly sophisticated analysis methods have been developed to discern signal neutrinos from the severe background of atmospheric particle showers. No signal has been found in a dataset of 104 days livetime taken in 2007, and an upper limit has been placed on the muon flux in the South Pole ice induced by neutrinos from the Sun, reaching down to 330 km-2y-1. The flux limit has been converted into an upper limit on the neutralino scattering cross-section, which reaches down to 2.8*10-40 cm2 for spin-dependent interactions.Four articles are appended to the thesis:I. G. Wikström for the IceCube collaboration, Proc. of the 30th ICRC,arXiv/0711.0353 [astro-ph] (2007) 135.II. A. Gross, C. Ha, C. Rott, M. Tluczykont, E. Resconi, T. DeYoung and G. Wikström for the IceCube Collaboration, Proc. of the 30th ICRC,arXiv/0711.0353 [astro-ph] (2007) 11.III. G. Wikström and J. Edsjö, JCAP 04 (2009) 009.IV. R. Abbasi et al. (IceCube collaboration), accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett., arXiv/0902.2460v3 [astro-ph.CO] (2009).IceCub
On shoplifting and tax fraud: An action-theoretic analysis of crime
The article evaluates different theories of action in the area of crime research. A narrow version of rational choice theory assumes actors to choose in an instrumental, outcome-oriented way. It hypothesises that individuals weight the costs and benefits of criminal acts with subjective probabilities. In contrast, a wide version of the theory allows individuals to derive utility directly from choosing certain actions. Previous studies either do not directly test these theories or yield inconsistent results. We show that a meaningful test of these rival rational choice explanations can only be conducted if a broader view is adopted that takes into account the interplay of moral norms and instrumental incentives. Such a view can be derived from the Model of Frame Selection (Kroneberg 2005) and the Situational Action Theory of Crime Causation (Wikström 2004). Based on these theories, we analyze the willingness to engage in shoplifting and tax fraud in a sample of 2,130 adults from Dresden, Germany. In line with our theoretical expectations, we find that only respondents who do not feel bound by moral norms consider instrumental incentives. Where norms have been strongly internalised and in the absence of neutralisation techniques which legitimise norm-breaking, instrumental incentives are irrelevant.
Pleurota aprilella Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
Pleurota aprilella Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACW2251 Table 1, Figs. 19–20, 41, 58, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♀ (DNA sample 23740 Lepid. Phyl.): Morocco, Tiznit Prov., Anti-Atlas, Tafraout 19.5 km SW, 1010 m, N29.606 W9.132, 14.IV.2015, J. Tabell leg. (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM23740, http:// id.luomus.fi/GBT. 3 Paratypes: 2 ♂ (GP 5442 J. Tabell, DNA sample 23739 Lepid. Phyl.; DNA sample 23750 Lepid. Phyl.), 2 ♀ (GP 5499 J. Tabell, DNA sample 23741 Lepid. Phyl.) same collecting data as holotype (all in coll. TAB). Diagnosis. Externally P. aprilella is similar to P. agadirensis and P. phaeolepida, and reliable identification requires examination of genitalia structures. In male genitalia, the narrow apical half of gnathos, straight costa, angular valval lobe and concave ventral margin of valva are distinguishing characters. The female genitalia are similar to those of agadirensis, but the proximal margin of segment 8 is more convex in aprilella, and the antrum is shorter. Molecular data. Three specimens of aprilella were sequenced successfully, resulting in 658 bp, full-length barcode sequences. The nearest neighbour to aprilella is agadirensis with a 2.79 % divergence (Table 1). The barcodes of aprilella exhibit 0.15 % intraspecific variation. Description. Adult. Wingspan 11.5–12.1 mm. Labial palpus 4.6 x as long as diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.24 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres, mixed with brown and white scales, below brown, basally mixed with white. Antenna pale brown, below dark brown, scape pale brown, below off-white. Head, thorax and tegula dirty white, mixed with pale brown. Forewing covered with fuscous and off-white scales, dark brown discal and discocellular spots small, plical streak weak, fringe line distinct; costal line white, narrow, from near base to 3/4; subcostal line moderately broad, brown. Fringe pale brown, basally off-white. Hindwing pale grey, fringe pale fuscous. In female discal and discocellular spots and plical streak more distinct, and medial area of forewing whiter. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular from ventral view, shorter than gnathos, lined with few long bristles, apex with long, narrow and stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, distal half elongate, narrow, covered with scobination, evenly tapered towards stout apex. Tegumen large, dorsal margin slightly concave. Ventral margin of valva concave, costa straight, horizontal. Sacculus weakly sclerotized. Juxta tuning-fork-shaped; valval lobe small, angular, covered with few bristles; posterior lobe reaching the base of uncus. Phallus arched, with a patch of numerous tiny spines. Female genitalia. Papilla analis oval, covered with long bristles. Apophysis posterioris 3 x as long as papilla analis and 1.75 x as long as apophysis anterioris, which is as long as segment 8. Segment 8 longitudinally rectangular, weakly sclerotized, distal half sparsely covered with short bristles, dorsolaterally reinforced by sclerotized band; proximal margin strongly sclerotized, deeply convex, medially broader, caudal margin slightly concave; ventral longitudinal sclerotization spherical. Antrum tubular, shorter than segment 8, densely surfaced by small nodules, anterior section with two crescent-shaped opposite patches. Ductus bursae narrower than antrum. Corpus bursae spherical, with one broad crescent-shaped signum bearing two strongly sclerotized thorn-like protuberances and two leaf-shaped posterior signa of equal size. Biology. The biology is unknown. The type material was collected at light. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the flight period in April. Distribution. Known only from one locality in the Anti-Atlas Mountains at an altitude of 1010 m.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 467-469, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
Pleurota dalilae Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
Pleurota dalilae Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number:BOLD:ADB1135 Table 1, Figs. 21–22, 42, 59, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♀ (GP 5914 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26143 Lepid Phyl): Tunisia, 2 km E El Kef, N36.1722 E8.7327, 8.V.2018, J. Tabell leg. (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM26143, http://id.luomus.fi/GBT. 4 Paratypes: 3 ♂ (GP 5920 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26142 Lepid Phyl; DNA sample 26258 Lepid Phyl), same collecting data as holotype (coll. TAB); 4 ♂ (DNA sample 24829 Lepid. Phyl; DNA sample 24828 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]; DNA sample 24830 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]; DNA sample 24831 Lepid Phyl [barcoding failed]), Tunisia, Atlas Mts, 40 km SE Le Kef, near El Ksour village, 2.V.2000, K. Nupponen leg. (colls. NUP and TAB); 21 ♂ (GP 5910 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26259 Lepid Phyl; DNA sample 26260 Lepid Phyl; GP 5917 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26262 Lepid Phyl), Tunisia, 13.5 km ESE Maktar, 810 m, N35.8022 E9.3386, 7.V.2018, J. Tabell leg. (coll. TAB). Diagnosis. P. dalilae is externally similar to P. bicostella and P. lepigrei, but it is smaller, and the fringes on forewing are darker. In the male genitalia, the posterior lobe of juxta is longer and narrower than in bicostella, but shorter than in lepigrei. In the female genitalia, the shape of segment 8 (subquadrate in dalilae, quadrate in bicostella, longitudinally rectangular in lepigrei), the shape of antrum (anteriorly expanded in dalilae, tapered in bicostella, parallel-sided in lepigrei) and the size of posterior signa, are distinguishing characters. Molecular data. Seven specimens of dalilae were sequenced successfully, resulting in 658 (n=1), 655 (n=1), 654 (n=3), 622 (n=1) and 621 (n=1) bp barcode sequences. The nearest neighbour to dalilae is lepigrei, with a 2.99 % divergence. The barcodes of dalilae exhibit 0.65 % intraspecific variation. Description. Adult. Wingspan 17.8–20.8 mm. Labial palpus off-white, ventrally dark brown, 6.4 x as long as diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.32 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres.Antenna brown. Head off-white, thorax and tegula off-white, mixed with pale brown. Forewing white, dispersed with pale ochre, pale grey and pale brown scales, discal spot distinct, discocellular spot small, plical streak indistinct, fringe line distinct; costal line white, moderately broad, from near base to 0.8; subcostal line brown, slightly expanded towards apex. Fringe mixed with white and pale grey. Hindwing pale grey, fringe pale grey, apically white. Abdomen pale grey, slightly lustrous, each segment with a transverse row of ochre scales. Male genitalia. Uncus bell-shaped from ventral view, as long as gnathos, covered with several bristles of different size, apex with long narrow stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, evenly tapered towards apex, apical third surfaced with scobination, apex stout. Valva slightly upwardly oblique from ventral view, ventral margin medially slightly bulged, costa horizontal, slightly bulged medially; cucullus thimble-shaped; sacculus moderately broad, covered with several bristles; valval lobe well delineated, crescent-shaped, surfaced by several nodules with bristles. Juxta tuning-fork-shaped; posterior lobe exceeding the base of uncus. Phallus slightly arched, parallel-sided, with one plate-shaped weakly sclerotized cornutus and a patch of small spines. Female genitalia. Papilla analis elongate, narrow, densely covered with bristles of different size. Apophysis posterioris 2.9 x as long as papilla analis and 1.5 x as long as apophysis anterioris, which is 1.3 x as long as segment 8. Segment 8 subquadrate, dorsolaterally sclerotized by a narrow band, proximal margin evenly convex, broadly sclerotized, caudal margin slightly concave, lined with several long bristles; ventral longitudinal sclerotization clubshaped. Antrum as long as segment 8, anteriorly expanded, membranous, with two small sclerotized plates. Ductus bursae short and broad. Corpus bursae ovoid, large, with one wide arched signum bearing two narrow and long protuberances, and two leaf-shaped posterior signa with broad base and narrow spine. Biology. Unknown. The specimens collected by the first author were netted in Pinus forests, lower vegetation dominated by Cytisus sp. (Fabaceae) in El Kef and Salvia rosmarinus (Lamiaceae) near Maktar. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Tunisian scientist Dr. Dalila Haouas. Distribution. Tunisia, known from two localities in Kef Governorate near the Algerian border. Results. The series from near Maktar was collected with P. illucidella.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 469-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
Pleurota paragallicella Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
Pleurota paragallicella Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number: BOLD:AEC9409 Table 1, Figs. 29, 47, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♂ (GP 6024 J. Tabell, DNA sample 26351 Lepid Phyl): Marokko, H Atlas, obh. Ait Leqak 27.6.2017, 31°14’ 17–20’’N; 7°49’ 24–30’’W, Tizi-n-Addi, 2400 m, J. Ratzel, RB, AS, DF leg., ex coll. Ulr. Ratzel, Karlsruhe (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM26351, http://id.luomus.fi/GBT.7 Diagnosis. Externally P. paragallicella is somewhat similar to P. ericella (Duponchel, 1839) (Fig. 15), but the subcostal line is paler brown, the labial palp markedly longer, and the veins in hindwing well visible. In male genitalia, paragallicella is close to P. gallicella (Fig. 49) with some distinct differences. In paragallicella, the gnathos is longer, the posterior lobe shorter, and the valval lobe markedly smaller, subtriangular (in gallicella the valval lobe is ear-shaped). The female of paragallicella is unknown. Molecular data. The holotype of paragallicella was sequenced successfully, resulting in a 656 bp barcode sequence. The nearest neighbour to paragallicella is P. gallicella, with a 5.13 % divergence. Description. Adult. Wingspan 16.7 mm. Labial palpus long, 8.2 x diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.23 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres, dirty white, scattered with brown and pale beige scales, below dark brown, mixed off-white. Antenna and scape brown. Head, thorax and tegula brown, mixed with fuscous and off-white scales. Forewing dirty white, scattered with pale fuscous and brown scales; costal line off-white, from base to 0.75; subcostal line greyish brown, expanded towards apex, brown, scattered with white and dark brown scales. Fringe greyish brown, apically lighter. Hindwing greyish brown, veins visible, fringe concolorous, apically white. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular from ventral view, slightly shorter than gnathos, lined with several long and short bristles, apex with stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, broad, smooth, distal half elongate and covered with scobination, apex stout. Valva oblique from ventral view; cucullus moderately narrow, ventral margin concave; sacculus covered by long bristles; valval lobe very small, subtriangular. Anterior extension of juxta narrow; posterior lobe not reaching the base of uncus. Phallus arched, slightly tapered towards apex, with a large plate-shaped cornutus and numerous robust spines grouped into two bundles of different size. Female genitalia. Female unknown. Biology. The biology is unknown. The specimen was collected at light on a rocky hillside. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the close affinity with gallicella. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in the High Atlas Mountains at an altitude of 2400 m. Note. Huemer & Luquet (1995) included five Pleurota specimens from Tinmel, Morocco into the paratype series of gallicella, but these specimens may belong to paragallicella (not examined by us). Tinmel is a village situated about 40 km southwest of Tizi n’Addi, the type locality of paragallicella.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on page 475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
Pleurota agadirensis Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
Pleurota agadirensis Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACW1991 Table 1, Figs. 17–18, 40, 57, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♂ (GP 5314 J. Tabell, DNA sample 23691 Lepid. Phyl.): Morocco, Agadir 10 km N, 400 m, N30.501 W9.582, 26.IV.2013, J. Tabell leg. (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM23619, http://id.luomus. fi/GBT. 2 Paratype: 1 ♀ (GP 5761 J. Tabell, DNA sample 25775 Lepid Phyl), Morocco 1080 m, Prov. Azilal, Ait Bouzid, 31.72371°, -6.96669°, 30.IV.–7.V.2015, Jaakko Kullberg leg. (coll. MZH). Diagnosis. Externally P. agadirensis is similar to P. aprilella and P. phaeolepida, and positive identification requires examination of genitalia structures. In male genitalia, the shape of valva and cucullus, and the boot-shaped arrangement of cornuti distinguish agadirensis from the other species. Female genitalia are similar to those of aprilella, but the proximal margin of segment 8 is less convex, and the antrum is longer. Molecular diagnosis. Both type specimens of agadirensis were sequenced, resulting in 658 bp and 627 bp barcode sequences. The nearest neighbour to agadirensis is aprilella, with a 2.79 % divergence (Table 1). The barcodes of agadirensis exhibit 0.64 % intraspecific variation. Description. Adult. Wingspan male 12.9 mm, female 11.1 mm. Labial palpus 5.3 x as long as diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.28 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres, dirty white mixed with few pale brown scales, ventrally brown. Antenna brown, scape brown, ventrally white. Head, thorax and tegula dirty white, mixed with pale brown. Forewing covered with fuscous, brown, white and grey scales, blackish brown discal spot distinct, elongated, plical streak distinct, fringe line formed of several brown scales; costal line off-white, narrow, from near base to 0.67; subcostal line moderately broad, brown, mixed with darker scales, widened from base to apex. Fringe off-white, mixed pale brown. Hindwing and fringe pale brown. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular from ventral view, slightly shorter than gnathos, lined with several long and short bristles, apex with short stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, broad, smooth, distal half elongate, evenly tapered towards stout apex. Valva conical, costa straight, slightly oblique. Sacculus moderately broad. Valval lobe small, outer margin rounded; posterior lobe reaching the base of uncus. Phallus slightly arched, well sclerotized, tapered towards apex, with a boot-shaped formation of tiny spines. Female genitalia. Papilla analis oval, covered with long bristles. Apophysis posterioris about 3 x as long as papilla analis and 1.6 x as long as apophysis anterioris, which is 1.3 x as long as segment 8. Segment 8 longitudinally rectangular, weakly sclerotized, distal half sparsely covered with short bristles, dorsolaterally reinforced by sclerotized band; proximal margin strongly sclerotized, broadly U-shaped, medially broader; ventral longitudinal sclerotization oval. Antrum tubular, as long as segment 8, densely surfaced by small nodules, anterior section with two crescent-shaped opposite patches. Ductus bursae narrower than antrum. Corpus bursae spherical, with one broad crescent-shaped signum bearing two strongly sclerotized thorn-like protuberances and two narrow posterior signa of equal size. Biology. The biology is unknown. The type material was collected at light. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Agadir, Morocco, the type locality. Distribution. Known only from two localities in the High Atlas Mountains at an altitude of 400 m and 1080 m.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 466-467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
Pleurota monochroma Tabell & Wikström & Mutanen & Bruckner & Sihvonen 2021, sp. nov.
Pleurota monochroma Tabell, sp. nov. Barcode Index Number: BOLD:ACW1898 Table 1, Figs. 27, 45, 65, 66 Type material. Holotype ♂ (GP 5311 J. Tabell, DNA sample 23689 Lepid Phyl): Morocco, High Atlas, 19 km NNE Ouled Berhil, 1000 m, N30.830 W8.390, 2.V.2013, J. Tabell leg. (coll. MZH), BOLD sample ID: MM23689, http: /id.luomus.fi/GBT. 6 Paratype: 1 ♂ (GP 5072, DNA sample 23693 Lepid Phyl), same collecting data as holotype (coll. TAB). Diagnosis. Externally P. monochroma is somewhat similar to P. gallicella Huemer & Luquet, 1995 and P. murina (white costal line absent), but the forewing is narrower. In the male genitalia of monochroma, the valval lobe is triangular (crescent-shaped in murina, finger-shaped in gallicella), in the phallus the cornutus is broader and the patch of tiny spines smaller. The 8 th abdominal sternum with three sclerotized patches is characteristic (in murina and gallicella the 8 th sternum is uniformly sclerotized). The female of monochroma is unknown. Molecular data. Both type specimens of monochroma were sequenced successfully, resulting in 658 bp, fulllength barcode sequences. The nearest neighbour to monochroma is P. karsholti, with a 5.93 % divergence (Table 1). The barcodes of monochroma exhibit no intraspecific variation. Description. Adult. Wingspan 15.7–17.2 mm. Labial palpus off-white, mixed with pale brown scales, darker below, long and narrow, 6.5 x as long as diameter of eye (1 st and 2 nd palpomeres), 3 rd palpomere 0.24 x length of 1 st and 2 nd palpomeres. Head off-white, thorax and tegula off-white, suffused with pale brown. Antenna brown, every second antennomere trapezoidal. Forewing narrow, brownish grey; costal and subcostal lines jointed, a narrow pale line medially from base to 0.5; median line white, mixed with pale brown, indistinct, from base to 0.4, discal, discocellular and plical spots dark brown; dorsal half paler, dorsal and outer margins edged with dark brown scales. Fringe pale brown, mixed white. Hindwing pale grey, fringe slightly paler. Abdomen slightly lustrous, greyish brown, each segment with a transverse row of ochre scales. Male genitalia. Uncus triangular from ventral view, slightly shorter than gnathos, lined with few long and several short bristles, apex with long narrow stout protuberance. Gnathos funnel-shaped from ventral view, broad, distal half surfaced with scobination, apex moderately broad, stout and smooth. Ventral margin of tegumen arched. Valva triangular, evenly tapered towards apex, dorsally surfaced with long bristles, in paratype specimen valva tapered strongly towards apex; sacculus covered with long bristles; valval lobe weakly sclerotized, triangular. Median plate of juxta slightly swollen; posterior lobe robust, long, almost reaching apex of uncus. Phallus slightly arched, with a plate-shaped cornutus and a group of tiny spines. Female genitalia. Unknown. Biology. The biology is unknown. The type series was collected at light in a dry meadow dominated by Salvia aegyptiaca L. (Lamiaceae). Etymology. Greek ΜΟΝΌχρωΜΟΣ = having one colour. The specific epithet refers to the colour of the forewing. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in the High Atlas Mountains at an altitude of 1000 m.Published as part of Tabell, Jukka, Wikström, Bo, Mutanen, Marko, Bruckner, Harald & Sihvonen, Pasi, 2021, Subspecies of Pleurota bicostella (Clerck, 1759) revisited and descriptions of nine new species in the P. bicostella species group (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae), pp. 451-486 in Zootaxa 4941 (4) on pages 472-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459550
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