132,546 research outputs found
The Isle of Wight in the English landscape: Medieval and Post-Medieval rural settlement and land use.
No full textThe thesis is a local-scale study which aims to place the Isle of Wight in the English landscape. It examines the much discussed but problematic concept of ‘islandness’, identifying distinctive insular characteristics and determining their significance but also investigating internal landscape diversity. This is the first detailed academic study of Isle of Wight land use and settlement from the early medieval period to the nineteenth century and is fully referenced to national frameworks. The thesis utilises documentary, cartographic and archaeological evidence. It employs the techniques of historic landscape characterisation (HLC), using synoptic maps created by the author and others as tools of graphic analysis. An analysis of the Isle of Wight’s physical character and cultural roots is followed by an investigation of problems and questions associated with models of settlement and land use at various scales. Specifically, national-scale models by Oliver Rackham and by Brian Roberts and Stuart Wrathmell are critically assessed for their value as frameworks within which Isle of Wight data may be examined, as is the local-scale Isle of Wight HLC model. Historic Ordnance Survey maps, royal surveys, manorial surveys and other sources are used to define the Isle of Wight’s territorial units and patterns of land use, enclosure and settlement; to create a new model of 1790s HLC Areas; and to construct a database listing all settlements by size and form. Nucleation and dispersion densities are calculated from this database, compared with Isle of Wight densities mapped by Roberts & Wrathmell and discussed in relation to densities elsewhere in England. Regional-scale patterns of settlement and land-use within central southern England are considered and the relevance of national-scale models of settlement and land use to this region is discussed. The origins and evolution of Isle of Wight settlements are then explored, using evidence from early sources including place-names, Domesday Book, tax lists and surveys. Subsequent analysis defines discrete cultural zones within the Isle of Wight, confirming the diversity and ancient origins of its cultural landscapes. The final chapter provides a synoptic assessment of models, emphasising the value of the local-scale 1790s HLC Areas model and recognising the compatibility of Roberts & Wrathmell’s national-scale settlement model with detailed local data for the Isle of Wight. It is found that Rackham’s model of Ancient Countryside conforms partially with local attributes but that this model may now need some revision. The paradoxical status of the Solent as both a gateway and a cultural boundary is proposed, as is the Island’s affinity with other ‘peripheral’ areas of England
A Neoselachian shark from the non-marine Wessex Formation (Wealden Group: early Cretaceous, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, southern England
No full textBulk screening of Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Wessex Formation strata exposed on the south-east coast of the Isle of Wight, southern England, has resulted in the recovery of neoselachian shark teeth referred to the scyliorhinid Palaeoscyllium. These are the first neoselachian remains from the British Wealden Group and represent the geologically oldest neoselachian yet recovered from a freshwater deposit. This is also the only known example of a non-marine occurrence of a member of the Scyliorhinidae
Measuring woodland connectivity for wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) on the Isle of Wight, UK
No full textSpatial modelling approaches are increasingly used to design and direct management and conservation plans at the landscape scale. One of the main developments is buffer-radius approaches that use information on the dispersal ability of species to create buffers around distinct habitat patches to assess habitat connectivity within the landscape. In this study, Euclidean and least-cost buffers were used to predict functional ecological networks for wood cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) within the wooded landscape of the Isle of Wight, UK. Compared to the Euclidean buffer approach, the least-cost method revealed a higher number of functional networks indicating a high level of habitat fragmentation for wood cricket and similar woodland invertebrate species. Recent habitat network development increased network connectivity in 3 out of 4 cases. The results further highlight the demand for detailed information, both in terms of species specific and in terms of land cover data, for using least-cost modelling tools effectively in conservation planning
Correlation of Eocene-Oligocene marine and continental records: orbital cyclicity, magnetostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Solent Group, Isle of Wight, UK
No full textThe magnetostratigraphy, clay mineralogy, cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the estuarine and continental Solent Group (Isle of Wight, Hampshire Basin, UK), which is of Late Eocene–Early Oligocene age, were investigated. A new magnetostratigraphy for the Solent Group is correlated to the chronostratigraphic standard using limited biostratigraphical data, and it is concluded that the base of the Oligocene falls close to the base of the Bembridge Limestone Formation. A long time-series of clay mineral XRD data was generated, which shows striking variation in illitic clay abundance. Illite is interpreted to have formed in gley palaeosols through repeated wetting and drying in response to high seasonality. High illitic clay values are tuned to c. 400 ka eccentricity maxima to develop an age model. In addition to a very strong c. 400 ka signal in the data, spectral analysis of the clay data also confirms the influence of short eccentricity (c. 100 ka) and obliquity (c. 40 ka) cycles. The succession displays seven conspicuous 10–20 m thick sequences, which represent transitions from transgressive estuarine environments through highstand floodplains to freshwater lakes. The sequences correspond exactly to the long eccentricity (c. 400 ka) cycles. A sea-level curve is derived using the amount of incision as a minimum measure of eustatic fall, but there is no evidence of a major eustatic drop of 30–90 m corresponding to the early Oligocene glaciation of Antarctica. It is likely that incision was suppressed by rapid rates of subsidence
Whitney, W[illiam] D[wight] an Herman Grimm (2 Briefe)
No full textWHITNEY, W[ILLIAM] D[WIGHT] AN HERMAN GRIMM (2 BRIEFE)
Whitney, W[illiam] D[wight] an Herman Grimm (2 Briefe) (Br5523)
Brief 5523 (Br5523)
Brief 5524 (Br5524
Impact of a theoretically based sex education programme (SHARE) delivered by teachers on NHS registered conceptions and terminations: final results of cluster randomised trial
No full text<b>Objective</b>: To assess the impact of a theoretically based sex education programme (SHARE) delivered by teachers compared with conventional education in terms of conceptions and terminations registered by the NHS.
Design Follow-up of cluster randomised trial 4.5 years after intervention.
<b>Setting</b>: NHS records of women who had attended 25 secondary schools in east Scotland.
<b>Participants</b>: 4196 women (99.5% of those eligible).
<b>Intervention</b>: SHARE programme (intervention group) v existing sex education (control group).
<b>Main outcome measure</b>: NHS recorded conceptions and terminations for the achieved sample linked at age 20.
<b>Results</b>: In an "intention to treat" analysis there were no significant differences between the groups in registered conceptions per 1000 pupils (300 SHARE v 274 control; difference 26, 95% confidence interval –33 to 86) and terminations per 1000 pupils (127 v 112; difference 15, –13 to 42) between ages 16 and 20.
<b>Conclusions</b>: This specially designed sex education programme did not reduce conceptions or terminations by age 20 compared with conventional provision. The lack of effect was not due to quality of delivery. Enhancing teacher led school sex education beyond conventional provision in eastern Scotland is unlikely to reduce terminations in teenagers
Warden IDs - Eric T. Wight Div D
No full textHistorical Photographs taken by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Group of photos identified as Warden IDs . Photo identified as Eric T. Wight Div D
Coastal evolution of soft cliff coasts: headland formation and evolution on the Southwest Isle of Wight
No full textThe standard model of headland formation assumes a coastline with discordant geology, where the less resistant rock is eroded at a higher rate than the more resistant geology. The indentation of the coastline will continue to increase until variations in wave energy due to refraction balance with the variation in rock strength and beach volume. On soft cliff coasts, where no systematic variations in cliff lithology or strength exist subtle headlands are still seen. Several examples of this can be seen on the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight, a coastline of complex interbedded soft rock lithology. Its relatively straight planform is punctuated by three established and one potentially emerging headland. All of these headlands are fronted by locally elevated intertidal shore platforms. It was hypothesised that these platform potentially act in three ways. Firstly by reducing the amount of wave energy reaching the cliff base, thus reducing local cliff recession rates. The second may counteract the first by increasing the wave energy directed at the cliff base due to refraction, the balance between these two effects will determine if a headland will grow, be maintained or decline. Thirdly by blocking longshore transport of beach sediment, building a protective beach up-drift, while starving the downdrift coast of sediment, potentially accelerating erosion in that area. To test these three possible mechanisms, investigation into the geological and geotechnical properties of the cliff and platform, beach volumes and sediment budget, wave refraction, and historical recession rates was undertaken. The elevation of the shore platform is controlled by their resistance to erosion, which is related to aspects of their lithology and structural geology. These include clay content, mass properties, dip and strike in relation to the orientation of the coastline and the strength of the surrounding beds. Although two of the established headlands, Hanover and Atherfield Points act as a partial barrier to sediment transport the sediment volumes along the coastline were insufficient to significantly influence recession rates. The results of the sediment budget indicate that the low sediment volumes observed are likely to have been consistent over time due to the low inputs of beach grade sediment. Wave refraction modelling revealed that concentration of wave energy occurs towards the established headlands of Hanover and Atherfield Points this is reflected in the higher than average recession rates seen at these headlands. It is concluded that the major control of the formation and evolution of headlands on the southwest coast is the geological and geotechnical properties of the intertidal platforms. Once established these headlands exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium controlled by the persistence of the platform forming beds and the balance between refraction and attenuation of wave energy across the platform surface. These results may have widespread implications on soft cliffed sediment-starved coasts where similar processes are dominant
Millettia splendens Wight & Arnott 1834
No full textMillettia splendens Wight & Arnott (1834: 263) FIGURE 2, C & D Lectotype ( designated here):— INDIA. Neelgheries, Ballsar, s.d., Wight 998 (K000848703), digital image!; isolectotypes CAL0000012590, E00174565, K000848704, M0233439 and P 02141868 (digital images!) Distribution:— India, endemic (Kerala and Tamil Nadu). Notes:— Wight & Arnott (1834) described Millettia splendens based on the collection Wight 998. The collection locality and date are not mentioned in the protologue. Six specimens of M. splendens collected by Wight were traced (CAL0000012590, E00174565, K000848703, K000848704, M0233439 and P 02141868). Of these, K000848703 is chosen here as the lectotype as it well exhibits the diagnostic characters of the species mentioned in the protologue. The exact collection locality, Ballsar, Neelgheries is written on this sheet in Wight’s hand. In the specimens deposited at CAL and M, the collection number was labelled as ‘807’, which was probably a mistake happened during remounting. Wight Cat. n. 807 is Alysicarpus nummularifolius DC. (1825: 353) and 802 to 809 are pertaining to different species of Alysicarpus. The specimens in CAL and K are examined by Dunn during the revisionary studies of the genus Millettia and labelled as ‘typus’.Published as part of Balan, Anoop Puthuparampil, Predeep, Sreevilas Vasudevan & Prakashkumar, Raveendran Pillai, 2021, Lectotypification of two names in Indian Millettia (Fabaceae-Papilionoideae), pp. 225-230 in Phytotaxa 494 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/542340
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