198,048 research outputs found
POWER AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN GERMAN POLITICAL ECONOMY: THE CASES OF WERNER SOMBART AND FRIEDRICH VON WIESER
No full textIn the present paper we are going to examine texts by Werner Sombart and Friedrich von Wieser on entrepreneurship and the capitalist economy using an interdisciplinary approach focused on economics but also dealing with economic sociology and political philosophy. We believe that both authors have been largely neglected, thus overlooking the main source of the theory of the entrepreneur in debates held in German language and between Germany and Austria around the 1900s. Without excluding earlier major references (such as Jean-Baptiste Say, the first French economist at the Collège de France) we shall demonstrate that for both our authors the entrepreneur is the keystone of a renewed understanding of capitalism and the modern economy of their times. They stressed the origins, functions and roles of the entrepreneur and showed that there cannot exist only a single entrepreneurial form but there must necessarily be several ones, depending on the context. Two lessons can be drawn from their texts: 1/ the entrepreneur’s action needs to be reinstalled in the social, economic and institutional context; 2/ the results of the actions of entrepreneurs are inherently difficult to predict because the action responds to institutional changes and is the outcome of such changes.
Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser on the Role of Knowledge and Beliefs in the Emergence and Evolution of Institutions
No full textIn this article we start from the well-known contribution of the Austrian school with respect to the problem of knowledge and its role in inter- individual coordination. Focusing on two authors of this school - his founding father Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser, we show that the y both appreciate the role of knowledge in the emergence of economic and social institutions. However, their divergences regarding methodological individualism and subjectivism lead them to provide two different perspectives concerning the emergence and dynamics of institutions. This is exemplified by Menger and Wieser’s way of dealing with the emergence of money: on one hand, Menger takes for granted the involuntary formation of shared knowledge about the validity of social institutions such as money; on the other hand, Wieser favours an explanation whereby collective beliefs are more than shared knowledge since they do have some autonomy vis-à-vis individuals.
Results of the European Daphne EMPoWER project (European research project on women groups suffering from gender-based violence).
No full textObjective: You will get a theoretical and empirical overview in the field of different cultures. Special research tools will be introduced. The challenges in an ongoing research project will be shared.
Methodology to be used: Qualitative and quantitative approach. The presentation will be verbal with slides.
Conclusions: The theoretical and empirical findings show that psychodrama is an intervention that strengthens the empowerment of women to say no to violence, to change the victim role and to avoid the violence transmission over generation. The project will give results, limitations and outlook.
Key words: Violence, Trauma, Sociodrama, Gender
Abstract:
The presentation will cover quantitative research tools like Spontaneity Assessment Inventory (SAI-R) and the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). We translated into appropriate languages and faced the challenge to validate it and to assess its applicability for women suffering from male violence. American psychodramatic language is not easy to transfer comprehensibly to a cultural diverse population and even more to women suffering from male violence. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) we are using as a third tool for validation. Hundreds of students and trainees of different subjects as well as clients of our partner were tested in order to make qualitative as well as quantitative comparisons between survivors and the so called normal population regarding the outcomes of the research tools. BDI-II seems not comfortable for normal population.
One aim of an investigation coordinated by Ines Testoni from University of Padua is to find out if psychodrama is helpful in the field of women suffering from violence. With an EU Daphne grant against violence the project provided in the experimental group counseling with an integrated-ecological approach and a psychodrama intervention group. The control group got counseling. More than 20 women in each country like Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal, and Rumania received intervention which we evaluated with CORE-OM and SAI-R.
There is to discuss how to overcome the problems with different languages and (sub-)cultures in (group-)intervention
Market or Markets?
No full textThe purpose of this contribution is related to our own view of the Austrian market approach. We first point out how Menger, Wieser, Hayek (to a more limited extent) and Lachmann successively made various analytical achievements which contributed to the emergence of an Austrian view of markets as institutions. We then characterize the original features of this notion and show why and how it allows a better understanding of the specificities of empirical markets and their dynamics.markets, coordination, creation and evolution
Trissonchulus latus (Wieser, 1953) Inglis 1961
No full textTrissonchulus latus (Wieser, 1953) Inglis 1961 (Figs 5–7) Material examined. Ten females and ten males were examined from Diapterus rhombeus. Measurements. See Table 2. Description. Adults: Body 2.10–3.04 mm long. Cuticle smooth, lacking striations and ornamentations. Lip region with labial papillae and short cephalic setae, the labial and lateral cephalic ones single, the subdorsal and subventral ones double. Amphids well developed, pocket shaped with oval aperture occupying one third of lip region diameter. Stoma long and narrow, comprising two regions; anterior as long as wide with three refringent claw-like teeth, and posterior tubular, length five times lip region diameter. Pharynx more or less cylindrical, slightly expanded at its base. Nerve ring surrounding pharynx in its anterior part. Excretory pore not observed. Cardia poorly developed, conoid. Intestine not differentiated, generally in bad condition. Female: Body with sigmoid or C-shaped habitus. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic; ovaries straight with one or two rows of oocytes; oviducts narrow, separated from uterus by a sphincter; uteri slightly swollen, length about 2–3 times corresponding body diameter, bearing well developed eggs, 177–192 x 69 –91 Μm. Rectum short, less than one anal body diameter. Tail conoid with rounded terminus. Spinneret aperture at tail tip. Male: General morphology similar to female, also with sigmoid habitus. Spicules short and broad, about 3 times longer than wide and slightly ventrad curved. Gubernaculum short, slightly less than the spicule length, distally more developed. Tail conoid, ventrally straight and dorsally convex, with rounded terminus. Precloacal papillae disposed in two pairs subventral rows. Adcloacal papilla at anterior cloacal lip. Postcloacal papillae disposed in two ventroanterior pairs, one subventral pair, three ventroposterior pairs, and one dorsal terminal pair. Spinneret aperture at tail tip. Distribution. T. latus was reported from Chile by Wieser (1953) in sublittoral soft sediment. This is its first report from Brazil (see Venekey et al. 2010). Remarks. The material examined is similar to the type material examined by Wieser (1953), but differs in the smaller size of males (2.09–2.83 mm vs 4.92 mm), smaller spicule (62–86 µm vs 137 µm) and tail slightly shorter (62–76 µm vs 90 µm). This could be intraspecific variability because only one male was previously described.Published as part of Abolafia, Joaquín, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N., Fernandes, Berenice M. M., Cohen, Simone C. & Cárdenas, Melissa Q., 2015, Description of free-living marine nematodes found in the intestine of fishes from the Brazilian coast, pp. 549-572 in Zootaxa 3948 (3) on pages 557-561, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/28837
Monopis neglecta Sumpich & Liska 2011
No full textMonopis neglecta Šumpich & Liška, 2011 Diese zu den Echten Motten zählende Art wurde erst vor wenigen Jahren erkannt und im Jahr 2011 beschrieben (ŠUMPICH 2011). Eine Überprüfung weiterer Belege aus den Aufsammlungen der letzten Jahre durch den Tineidae-Spezialisten Dr. R. Gaedike aus Leibnitz bestätigte die Art erstmals für Kärnten. Der Falter wurde im Rahmen eines kleinen Naturschutzprojektes in Kooperation mit der Arge NATURSCHUTZ im Bereich der Ortschaft Eberstein am sogenannten “Kirchfelsen” belegt. Funddaten: Eberstein-Kirchfelsen 21.8.2012; leg. Wieser, det. Gaedike. Aus Österreich ist M. neglecta lt. HUEMER 2013 aus Niederösterreich und Wien (unpubl.) bekannt.Published as part of Wieser, Christian, 2017, Weitere Erstfunde und bemerkenswerte Schmetterlingsnachweise aus Kärnten (Insecta: Lepidoptera), pp. 285-291 in Rudolfinum – Jahrbuch des Landesmuseums für Kärnten 2017 on page 286, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.572531
Migrationsforschung als Kritik
No full textMecheril P. Migrationsforschung als Kritik. In: Wieser M, Pilipets E, eds. Medien, Kultur und Gesellschaft. Festschrift für Rainer Winter. Alltag, Medien und Kultur. 1st ed. Köln: Halem; 2021: 124-134
Quantification of ozone influx and apoplastic ascorbate content in needles of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L., Karst) at high altitude
No full textThe objective of the present study was to investigate whether peak concentrations of ozone can deplete the apoplastic ascorbate pool of needles from Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.) and, thereby, contribute to damage to forest trees. Twigs of forest trees grown at high altitude (1950m above sea level; Mt Patscherkofel, Austria) were enclosed in situ in chambers and fumigated for 5‐5 or 17 h with ozone concentrations ranging from 60 to 798 nmol mol−1. Adjacent branches were fumigated with filtered air. Ozone influx into the foliage ranging from 1‐7 to 17nmolm−2s−1 had little effect on whole‐needle ascorbate or glutathione contents. However, apoplastic ascorbate decreased by about 30% when the needles were exposed to environmentally relevant ozone concentrations and increased about 3‐fold at higher ozone concentrations. This response suggests the induction of ascorbate as a protective system and may also be important under field conditions. Needles of spruce trees from high altitude that were exposed to chronically increased ozone concentrations contained significantly higher apoplastic ascorbate concentrations than needles from spruce trees from lower altitudes with lower mean atmospheric ozone concentrations. The results show that peak concentrations of ozone do not act in spruce via a depletion of the apoplastic ascorbate pool
"Overcoming female subordination": An experimental process of empowerment - through sociodrama and digital storytelling - directed toward a group of Italian female undergraduates
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