5,244 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Reconfiguring Absence: Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin and the Rhetorical Negotiation of Cultural Display
No full textThis study traces the development of the Jewish Museum Berlin from its inception as the winning entry in a competition for an extension to the Berlin Museum in the summer of 1989 to 2005. Tracking Daniel Libeskind’s design inspirations, public arguments over continuation of the building and its eventual use, I argue that a consistent argumentative trope, characterized by Ernst Bloch’s concept of anticipatory illumination, shows up in these various conversations and influences the building’s eventual use as the Jewish Museum Berlin. The rhetoric of anticipatory illumination, in this case, shifts over time, first emphasizing Jewish cultural absence in Berlin and the need to make that absence visible, but later pushing cultural absence to the background in favor of expressing the need for multicultural tolerance in Germany and beyond. The resulting museum, the Jewish Museum Berlin, combined the specificity of the history of the former in its curatorial design with injunctions for wider concern about intolerance in contemporary societies around the world. The author argues that the shift produces a “doubled heterotopia” in the arrangement of the museum that ultimately is effective for addressing the diverse audiences for the Jewish Museum Berlin. The case study emphasizes that public art and architecture projects can be rich sites of rhetorical invention worthy of close study over the time of their development
Lead Structures for New Antibacterials: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Bioactive Muraymycin Analogue
No full textNaturally occurring muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics represent a promising class of novel antibacterial agents. The structural complexity suggests the investigation of simplified analogues as potential lead structures, which can then be further optimized towards highly potent antimicrobials. Herein we report studies on muraymycin-derived potential lead structures lacking an aminoribose motif found in most naturally occurring muraymycins. We have identified a 5'-defunctionalized motif to be ideal in terms of stability and chemical accessibility and have synthesized a full-length muraymycin analogue based on this structure using a novel fully stereocontrolled route. The obtained 5'-deoxy analogue of the natural product muraymycin C4 showed good inhibitory properties towards the bacterial target protein MraY, sufficient pharmacokinetic stability and no cytotoxicity against human cells, thus making it a promising lead for antibacterial drug development
Remote sensing reflectance measured at discrete underwater profile stations in the North Sea during RV HEINCKE cruise HE462 from 30 April to 7 May 2016
No full textWe present a data set on remote sensing reflectance (RRS) at 1nm resolution from 350 to 800nm obtained from measurements in the North Sea and Sogne Fjord from 30 April to 7 May 2016. For the measurements we used radiometric hyperspectral (3.3 nm sampling, 10 nm FWHM) underwater profile measurements down to the 0.1 % light level using RAMSES (TriOS GmbH, Germany) sensors which measured depth resolved the upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance, both corrected by incident sunlight fluctuations with a second RAMSES sensor measuring the above water downwelling irradiance. The later sensor data were also used to finally calculate RRS. We followed the protocol by Mueller et al. (2003) further modified by Matsuoka et al. (2007) and Stramski et al. (2008), as described for our instrument set-up in Taylor et al. (2011). Our method is further described and assessed for its uncertainty in Tilstone et al. (2020). The same campaign was sampled for optical constituents hyperspectral absorption data in Bracher et al. (2021a-d) and for phytoplankton pigments in Bracher and Wiegmann (2019)
Lauretta and Daniel Kress
No full textThe author discusses the life of Lauretta and Daniel Kress and their contribution to the Seventh-day Adventist church as pioneer missionary physicians and health educators
Competing models of socially constructed economic man : differentiating Defoe's Crusoe from the Robinson of neoclassical economics
No full textDaniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe has seldom been read as an explicitly political text. When it has, it appears that the central character was designed to warn the early eighteenth-century reader against political challenges to the existing economic order. Insofar as Defoe’s Crusoe stands for "economic man", he is a reflection of historically-produced assumptions about the need for social conformity, not the embodiment of any genuinely essential economic characteristics. This insight is used to compare Defoe’s conception of economic man with that of the neoclassical Robinson Crusoe economy. On the most important of the ostensibly generic principles espoused by neoclassical theorists, their "Robinson" has no parallels with Defoe’s Crusoe. Despite the shared name, two quite distinct social constructions serve two equally distinct pedagogical purposes. Defoe’s Crusoe extols the virtues of passive middle-class sobriety for effective social organisation; the neoclassical Robinson champions the establishment of markets for the sake of productive efficiency
Relating quantitative soil structure metrics to saturated hydraulic conductivity
No full textSoil structure affects saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by creating highly conductive macropores that preferentially transmit soil water. In this study, we explore the relationship between Ks and macropores in an Oxyaquic Vertic Argiudoll in northeastern Kansas. Macropores were quantified from an excavation wall using multistripe laser triangulation (MLT) scanning. Soil water contents were measured at four depths within a soil lysimeter installed within 2 meters of the MLT-scanned soil profile and adjacent to an Ameriflux tower monitoring precipitation, air temperature, and solar radiation. Selected hydraulic properties of soil horizons within the lysimeter were optimized to water content data using a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique in combination with the mobile-immobile water (MIM) model in HYDRUS-1D. Estimates of Ks varied between 4198 cm d-1 in the A horizon and 0.6 cm d-1 in a 2Btss2 horizon with strongly expressed wedge structure. Approximately 87% of the variation in Ks was explained by the geometric mean of the widths of pores quantified with the MLT technique and modified by the coefficient of extensibility (COLE). The use of COLE allows the widths of the macropores obtained at dry conditions to be approximated at saturation. Two models that predict Ks from either texture or water retention data resulted in Ks estimates that were similar to each other, but significantly lower than Ks values predicted with MIM in horizons where structural pores dominate water flow. This technique shows a great deal of promise in better understanding and predicting the relationship of soil structure to water flow.Peer reviewe
Ethnic identity, political identity and ethnic conflict: simulating the effect of congruence between the two identities on ethnic violence and conflict
No full textThis thesis outlines and presents an alternative hypothetical process to the emergence of ethnic conflict. Ethnic conflicts, rather than being dependent upon pre-existing 'ancient hatreds', are instead the result of a congruence between ethnic and political identity which grants individuals the ability to use ethnicity to identify and eliminate political threats. This hypothesis is formed by the examination of three case studies of ethnic conflict: Lebanon, Northern Ireland and Croatia. This hypothesis is then formalised and tested using an agent based simulation in which agent interactions are dependent upon ethnic and political identity and the congruence between the two. As predicted there was a strong positive correlation between how accurately ethnic identity reflected political identity and the level of ethnically motivated violence in the simulation, although the relationship was not linear. Furthermore the effect of a shift in congruence was found to be roughly comparable to the effect of initialising agents with a moderate level of pre-existing ethnic antagonism
Author correction: Hysteresis control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics conveys a distinct program with enhanced metastatic ability
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Daniel D. Liu, which was incorrectly given as Daniel Liu. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Statistical design
No full textThe experiment consisted of a 13 x 13 Lattice design composed of 97 inbred lines, 62 top crosses hybrids, and 10 controls. Author Daniel Pereira Miranda evaluated only 62 hybrids. All specifications can be found in the two attached files
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