197,181 research outputs found
Unveiling urban transformations in the Arabian Peninsula : dynamics of global flows, multiple modernities, and people-environment interactions
No full textCovering about three million square kilometres, the Arabian Peninsula is mainly a diverse landscape of hot humid sandy coasts, arid desert, sparse scrubland, stone-strewn plains, and lush oases, as well as rocky and sometimes fertile mountain highlands and valleys. In addition to the indigenous local populace, the population is composed of large groups of expatriate Arabs and Asians, in addition to smaller groups of Europeans and North Americans; these expatriate groups represent a major workforce community of skilled professionals and semi-skilled or unskilled labourers from over sixty countries. The region’s contemporary economy, dominated by the production of oil and natural gas has created unprecedented wealth, which in turn has led to a momentous surge in intensive infrastructural development and the construction of new environments (Wiedmann, 2012). The ensuing impact of this fast track development on the built environment, in conjunction with the continuous and seemingly frantic quest for establishing unique urban identities (Salama, 2012), is seen as a trigger for introducing this special edition of Open House International. At the dawn of the new millennium, rulers, decision-makers, and top government officials started to demonstrate a stronger and more attentive interest in architecture, urban development projects and real estate investment; this concerted interest and attention have resulted in a new influential phase impacting on the development of architecture and urbanism in the Arabian Peninsula (Salama and Wiedmann, 2013). Cities on the Arabian Peninsula are continuously witnessing dramatic twists and turns that represent a diverse array of intents and attitudes (Salama, 2011). This can be explained by a series of vibrant discussions, characterised by a new unbiased openness, of the contemporary condition of architecture and urbanism in the Gulf region with its variety and plurality of perspectives and interests. “With their varied socio-physical, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and socio-political presence, cities are always been highly differentiated spaces expressive of heterogeneity, diversity of activities, entertainment, excitement, and pleasure. They have been (and still are) melting pots for the formulation of and experimentation with new philosophies and religious and social practices. Cities produce, reproduce, represent, and convey much of what counts today as culture, knowledge, and politics” (Salama and Wiedmann, 2013). Evidently this statement manifests the significance of studying cities. While this edition addresses several cities on the Arabian Peninsula, emphasis is placed on key transformational aspects relevant to five important cities that include Doha, Abu-Dhabi, Riyadh, Kuwait, and Manama. See Editorial: Salama, A. M. and Wiedmann, F. (2013). Evolving Urban on the Arabian Peninsula. Open House International, 34, 4, pp. 4-
Data from: Utilizing whole genome sequencing to characterize Listeria persistence and transmission patterns in a farmstead dairy processing plant and its associated farm environment
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Samantha Bolten, Robert D. Ralyea, Timothy T. Lott, Renato H. Orsi, Nicole H. Martin, Martin Wiedmann, Aljosa Trmcic. (2024). Data from: Utilizing whole genome sequencing to characterize Listeria persistence and transmission patterns in a farmstead dairy processing plant and its associated farm environment. [dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/24np-zp95Data in support of research: Utilizing whole genome sequencing to characterize Listeria persistence and transmission patterns in a farmstead dairy processing plant and its associated farm environment.This research was supported by the New York Dairy Promotion Order grant (Albany, NY, Award Number: C012388) awarded to M. Wiedmann and N. H. Martin
Data from: Intensive environmental sampling and whole genome sequence-based characterization of Listeria in small and medium sized dairy plants reveal opportunities for simplified and size-appropriate environmental monitoring strategies
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Samantha Bolten, Timothy T. Lott, Robert D. Ralyea, Anika Gianforte, Aljosa Trmcic, Renato H. Orsi, Nicole H. Martin, Martin Wiedmann. (2023) Data from: Intensive environmental sampling and whole genome sequence-based characterization of Listeria in small and medium sized dairy plants reveal opportunities for simplified and size-appropriate environmental monitoring strategies. [dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/ah3b-ew05This research was supported by the New York Dairy Promotion Order grant (Albany, NY, Award Number: #C012388) awarded to M. Wiedmann and N. H. Martin
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No full textAbstract not availableZhonglie Piao, Teng Ma, Jiawen Li, Maximilian T. Wiedmann, Shenghai Huang, Mingyue Yu, K. Kirk Shung, Qifa Zhou, Chang-Seok Kim and Zhongping Che
Examining the Global Environmental Impact of Regional Consumption Activities - Part 2: Review of input-output models for the assessment of environmental impacts embodied in trade.
No full textThis paper offers a detailed review of recently described single- and multi-region input–output models used to assess environmental impacts of internationally traded goods and services. It is the second part of a two-part contribution. In Part 1 [Turner, K., Lenzen, M., Wiedmann, T. and Barrett, J. in press. Examining the Global Environmental Impact of Regional Consumption Activities — Part 1: A Technical Note on Combining Input–Output and Ecological Footprint Analysis; Ecological Economics.] we describe how to enumerate the resource and pollution content of inter-regional and inter-national trade flows with the aim to illustrate an ideal accounting and modelling framework for the estimation of Ecological Footprints.
A large number of such environment-economic models have been described but only in the last few years models have emerged that use a more sophisticated multi-region, multi-sector input–output framework. This has been made possible through improvements in data availability and quality as well as computability. We identify six major models that employ multi-sector, multi-region input–output analysis in order to calculate environmental impacts embodied in international trade. Results from the reviewed studies demonstrate that it is important to explicitly consider the production recipe, land and energy use as well as emissions in a multi-region, multi-sector and multi-directional trade model with global coverage and detailed sector disaggregation. Only then reliable figures for indicators of impacts embodied in trade, such as the Ecological Footprint, can be derived
Online Supplementary Material for: Consumer willingness to pay for shelf life of high-temperature-short-time (HTST)- pasteurized fluid milk: Implications for smart labeling and food waste reduction
No full textSee the accompanying readme file.This item consists of online supplementary material for the article "Consumer willingness to pay for shelf life of high-temperature-short-time (HTST)-pasteurized fluid milk: Implications for smart labeling and food waste reduction," by P. Endara, M. Wiedmann, and A. Adalja, published in Journal of Dairy Science. The file contains additional results tables and a copy of the survey instrument.Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research (M.W., grant number CA18-SS-0000000206
Evidence for a nuclear passage of nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunits in yeast
No full textThe nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) has been found quantitatively associated with ribosomes in the cytosol by means of cell fractionation or fluorescence microscopy. There have been reports, however, that single NAC subunits may be involved in transcriptional regulation. We reasoned that the cytosolic location might only reflect a steady state equilibrium and therefore investigated the yeast NAC proteins for their ability to enter the nucleus. We found that single subunits of yeast NAC can indeed be transported into the nucleus and that this transport is an active process depending on different nuclear import factors. Translocation into the nucleus was only observed when binding to ribosomes was inhibited. We identified a domain of the ribosome-binding NAC subunit essential for nuclear import via the importin Kap123p/Pse1p-dependent import route. We hypothesize that newly translated NAC proteins travel into the nucleus to bind stoichiometrically to ribosomal subunits and then leave the nucleus together with these subunits to concentrate in the cytosol
Data from: Whole genome sequencing-based characterization of Listeria isolates from produce packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities suggests both persistence and re-introduction of fully virulent L. monocytogenes
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Genevieve Sullivan, Renato H Orsi, Erika Estrada, Laura Strawn, and Martin Wiedmann. (2022) Data from: Whole genome sequencing-based characterization of Listeria isolates from produce packinghouses and fresh-cut facilities suggests both persistence and re-introduction of fully virulent L. monocytogenes. [dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/74sp-fg52Whole genome sequencing of Listeria isolates from produce packinghouses and fresh-cut facilitiesThis research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Multi-state Specialty Crop Block Production Grant (AGM01-C00135GG-3000000) awarded to M. Wiedmann and L. K. Strawn
Über Umfang und Stellung des Rhaet
No full textThe duration and position of the Rhaetian Stage are di scussed. With the recognition of Rhabdoceras suessi - up to now the index species of the Upper Norian (Sevatian) - in one of the Alpine type sections of the Rhaetian, this Stage becomes more and more restricted and its separation doubtfu!. Four possibilities for defining the Alpine uppermost Triassic are treated. The authors propose either to redefine the Alpi'ne Rhaetian as the uppermost Substage of thc Norian Stage, thereby replacing the Sevatian (proposal 4), or to include the previous Sevatian into an enlarged Rhaetian Stage (proposal 3). This proposal is favoured by the International Subcommission of Triassic Stratigraphy. Ir is supported by the recent discovery of Choristoceras marshi - index species of the restricted Rhaetian - in the lower part of the Koessen Beds of the Lahnewiesgraben, equivalent to the previous Zone of Rhabdoceras suessi. Ir is moreover supported by the discovery of the immediate ancestor of this species in the upper part of the Middle Norian (Alaunian) of Timor. This makes the suessi Zone synonymous with the marshi Zone, the lower part of wh ich may be treated now as the Subzone of Rhabdoceras suessi. Since no particular ammonite species can be used for defining the upper part, this can be defined only by the exclusive occurrence of Choristoceras marshi without Rhabdoceras messi. As reference section of the redefined Rhaetian Stage the Weißloferbach section near Koessen, Tirol (Austria) is proposed, since it is weil exposed and fossiliferous, bearing cephalopods, bivalves, brachiopods, ostracods, conodonts and other groups. The authors propose moreover to redefine and re-name the "Rhaetian" of the Germanic facies Realm, which can by no means bc correlated with the Alpine Realm. The names "Upper Keuper" or "Rhaetkeuper" may be more adequate. There is, however, some palynological evidence for a correlation of the Germanie Preplanorbis Beds with the Alpine "Schichtenfolge unter Anm. planorbis" in SUESS & MOJSISOVICS (1868), where Choristaceras marshi has disappeared. The occurrence of the first psiloceratid (Neophyllites antecedens) in these beds indicates that they represent the base of the Jur~sic System. Provisionally these Preplanorbis Beds remain included into the Zone of Psiloceras planorbis.Umfang und Stellung des Rhaet werden erörtert. Nach dem Fund von Rhabdoceras suessi - bislang Zonen-Art des Oberen Nor (Sevat) - in einem der alpinen Typprofile des Rhaet, ist der Umfang der Stufe erheblich geschrumpft und ihre Definition problematisch geworden. Von den Verf. werden vier Möglichkeiten, die höchste Trias zu definieren, zur Diskussion gestellt. Es wird empfohlen, entweder das alpine Rhaet als oberste Unterstufe des Nor neu zu definieren und das Sevat einzubeziehen (Vorschlag 4) oder aber das Rhaet - gleichfalls unter Einbeziehung des Sevat - als selbständige Obertrias-Stufe fortbestehen zu lassen (Vorschlag 3). Dieser Vorschlag wurde von der Internationalen Subkommission für Trias-Stratigraphie eindeutig favorisiert. Er wird durch den lange erwarteten Fund von Choristaceras marshi im tieferen Teil der Koessener Schichten des Lahnewiesgraben unterstützt, der stratigraphisch der bisherigen suessi-Zone entspricht. Nach der Entdeckung von direkten marshi-Vorläufern im oberen Mittelnor (Alaun, columbianus-Zone) von Timor sind diese Neufunde nicht mehr überraschend. Damit würde das neudefinierte Rhaet zwar wiederum nur die Zone des Choristoceras marshi enthalten, definiert durch das Erstauftreten dieser Art; es wäre aber eine Untergliederung in eine Subzone des Rhabdoceras suessi und eine obere Subzone des Choristoceras marshi s. str. (ohne Rh.suessi) möglich. Dieser Vorschlag ist der praktikabelste und schließt sich am engsten an die bisherigen Gepflogenheiten an. In dieser Form würde das Rhaet nun auch eine durchaus kartierfähige Einheit darstellen. Als Referenzprofil für das erweiterte Rhaet wird das Profil am Weißloferbach bei Koessen, Tirol (Osterreich) empfohlen, das nicht nur gute Aufschlußverhältnisse, sondern auch eine diverse Faunenvergesellschaftung enthält (Cephalopoden, Bivalven, Brachiopoden, Ostracoden, Conodonten u. a.). Es wird außerdem empfohlen, das germanische Rhaet neu zu definieren und zu benennen, da eine direkte Korrelation mit dem alpinen Rhaet nicht möglich ist. Die Begriffe "Oberkeuper" oder "Rhaetkeuper" werden zur Diskussion gestellt. Die Palynologie bietet erste Korrelationsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere für die hangenden Praeplanorbis- Schichten der germanischen Fazies, die mit der alpinen "Schichtenfolge unter Amm. planorbis" (SUESS & MOJSISOVICS 1868) parallelisiert werden können. Hier tritt Choristoceras marshi nicht mehr, Psiloceras plallorbis noch nicht auf. Mit dem ersten Einsetzen echter Psiloceraten (Neophyllites antecedcns) dürfen diese Schichten als Basis des Lias angesehen werden. Vorläufig bleiben sie jedoch in die Zone des Psiloceras planorbis des Unteren Hettangs eingeschlossen. Trotz des deutlichen Ausdünnens der Ammonitenführung in der obersten Trias - im Zusammenhang mit dem triadisch/ liassischen Faunenschnitt - soll die primäre "orthochronologische" Gliederung dieses Zeitraums auch weiterhin auf der Grundlage der Ammoniten-Fauna erfolgen. Sie wird allerdings wesentlich durch die bereits verfeinerte Conodonten-Gliederung ergänzt; die biostratigraphischen Möglichkeiten des Nannnoplanktons werden augenblicklich überprüft. Ein wesentliches Hilfsmittel für die Parallelisierung von germanischer und alpiner Fazies stellt sdlon jetzt die Palynologie dar, obwohl hier erst wenige vergleichende Untersuchungen vorliegen. Die Konferenz der lUGS "Subcommission on Trias Stratigraphy", welche vom 3.- 4. Juli 1978 in München stattfand, und an die sich ein 3-tägiger Field Workshop anschloß, sollte einen Beitrag leisten zur Korrelation zwischen der Trias im Tethysbereich und der Germanischen Trias-Fazies. G. RrcHTER-BERNBURG, der derzeitge Chairman der S. T. S., hatte als besonders wichtiges Teilproblem die Stellung und Abgrenzung des Rh a e t benannt. Nach gemeinsamer Absprache wird nun hiermit eine Stellungnahme kompetenter Kollegen zu dieser Frage, gemeinsam mit einem An- hand aus palynologischer Sicht, vorgelegt. In einem "Nachwort" werden vom Chairman einige zusätzliche Bemerkungen sowie eine von der S. T. S. gefaßte Resolution zum Begriff Rhaet angefügt. Während die Mehrzahl der Autoren dieses Beitrags dem Abstimmungsergebnis beipflichtet, ist für einen der Autoren (LK) nach wie vor nur Vorschlag 4 (Tab. 2) annehmbar
Lineage specific recombination rates and microevolution in Listeria monocytogenes
No full textBackground: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is a saprotroph as well as an opportunistic human foodborne pathogen, which has previously been shown to consist of at least two widespread lineages (termed lineages I and II) and an uncommon lineage (lineage III). While some L. monocytogenes strains show evidence for considerable diversification by homologous recombination, our understanding of the contribution of recombination to L. monocytogenes evolution is still limited. We therefore used
STRUCTURE and ClonalFrame, two programs that model the effect of recombination, to make inferences about the population structure and different aspects of the recombination process in L. monocytogenes. Analyses were performed using sequences for seven loci (including the house-keeping genes gap, prs, purM and ribC, the stress response gene sigB, and the virulence genes actA and inlA) for 195 L. monocytogenes isolates.
Results: Sequence analyses with ClonalFrame and the Sawyer's test showed that recombination is more
prevalent in lineage II than lineage I and is most frequent in two house-keeping genes (ribC and purM) and the two virulence genes (actA and inlA). The relative occurrence of recombination versus point mutation is about six times higher in lineage II than in lineage I, which causes a higher genetic variability in lineage II. Unlike lineage I, lineage II represents a genetically heterogeneous population with a relatively high proportion (30% average) of genetic material imported from external sources. Phylograms, constructed with correcting for recombination, as well as Tajima's D data suggest that both lineages I and II have suffered a population bottleneck.
Conclusion: Our study shows that evolutionary lineages within a single bacterial species can differ
considerably in the relative contributions of recombination to genetic diversification. Accounting for recombination in phylogenetic studies is critical, and new evolutionary models that account for the possibility of changes in the rate of recombination would be required. While previous studies suggested that only L. monocytogenes lineage I has experienced a recent bottleneck, our analyses clearly show that lineage II experienced a bottleneck at about the same time, which was subsequently obscured by abundant
homologous recombination after the lineage II bottleneck. While lineage I and lineage II should be considered separate species from an evolutionary viewpoint, maintaining single species name may be warranted since both lineages cause the same type of human disease
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