294 research outputs found
Flüchtlinge regional besser verteilen
No full textFLÜCHTLINGE REGIONAL BESSER VERTEILEN
Flüchtlinge regional besser verteilen / Geis, Wido (Rights reserved) (-
High Unemployment in Germany: Why do Foreigners Suffer Most?
No full textIn Germany, immigrant unemployment is not only higher than native unemployment; italso reacts more to changes in the situation on the labor market. Decomposing the gapbetween native and immigrant unemployment into a baseline and a labor-marketsituation component, I find that the unemployment rate of immigrants would lie at 5.6 percentagepoints for zero native unemployment (the baseline component of the gap). Anincrease in overall unemployment by 1 percentage point leads to a 0.7 percentage pointshigher increase in immigrant unemployment than in native unemployment (the situationcomponent). The large part of this difference, about 3/4 of the baseline and 4/5 of thesituation component, can be explained by differences in the endowments with classicalhuman capital (educational degrees and experience) between immigrants and natives.Also controlling for country-specific human capital, particularly language skills, thesituation component becomes insignificant and the baseline effect again decreases by1/2. Adding controls for social networks, the baseline effect also becomes insignificant.Thus, human capital and social networks can possibly fully explain the differencebetween native and immigrant unemployment in Germany.Immigration, integration, unemployment, human capital, language skills, discrimination, social networks
How do Migrants Choose their Destination Country? An Analysis of Institutional Determinants
No full textFor a long time, migration has been subject to intensive economic research. Nevertheless, empirical evidence regarding the determinants of migration still appears to be incomplete. In this paper, we analyze the effects of socio-economic and institutional determinants, especially labor-market institutions, on migrants' choices. Based on a large data set constructed from micro-data for France, Germany, the UK and the US, we study their decisions to migrate to one of the four countries using a Multinomial Choice framework. Our estimates confirm a number of conventional results such as positive effects of wages and immigrant networks and negative effects of unemployment rates. In addition, we find that employment protection, union coverage and unemployment benefits have positive effects on migration. Also good education and health systems tend to attract migrants, while generous pension systems may deter them. Based on separate estimations for high- and low-skilled migrants, there is evidence that the effects of labor-market institutions differ across skill groups.migration, labour-market institutions, micro-data, Multinomial Choice
Why go to France or Germany, if you could as well go to the UK or the US? Selective Features of Immigration to four major OECD Countries
No full textBuilding on a new data set which is combined from national micro-data bases, we highlight differences in the structure of migrants to four countries, viz. France, Germany, the UK and the US, which receive a substantial share of all immigrants to the OECD world. Looking at immigrants by source countries, we illustrate the important role of distance, both geographical and cultural, immigration policies and migrant networks. Differentiating immigrants by their educational attainments, we observe interesting patterns in the skill composition, employment opportunities and wages for migrants to the different destination countries. Focusing on migration between the four countries in our data set, we find that migration within Western Europe is small and rather balanced in terms of skill structures, while there appears to be a brain drain from Europe to the US.migration, immigration policy, education, employment, wages, brain drain
Eine gelingende Familienpolitik ist wichtiger denn je
No full textThe lives of families in Germany have changed fundamentally in recent decades. In particular, young women are increasingly share an equal division of tasks between men and women. This makes it necessary to have fitting institutional childcare facilities. However, at present there is still a lack of childcare for children under the age of three. In addition, day-care centres must become educational institutions, as an increasing number of families do not speak German at home. A successful family policy is also necessary to make it easier for young people to decide for children, which is important given recent demographic shifts
The Labor Market is Currently Experiencing a Turn of Eras
No full textIncreasing labour shortages are mainly due to demographic developments - specifically the baby boom in Germany, with a strong peak in the early 1960s. Despite strong immigration in recent years, the ratio of 20-24 year-olds to 60-64 year-olds was only 75 to 100 in 2021, and if younger cohorts are taken into account, it was even less favourable. This demographic gap can only be closed by migration. However, the workers coming into the country should have qualifications that are compatible with the German labour market, which severely limits the group of potential immigrants. Therefore, previously inactive population groups must also be attracted to gainful employment and automation must be promoted
Eckpunkte eines modernen Zuwanderungsrechts
No full textDeutschland braucht ein modernes Einwanderungsrecht. Einerseits ist das Land vor dem Hintergrund von demografischem Wandel und Fachkräfteengpässen zunehmend auf gut ausgebildete Personen aus Drittstaaten angewiesen, um Wachstum und Wohlstand zu sichern. Andererseits machen sich viele vorwiegend niedrigqualifizierte Personen ohne Dokumente auf den Weg nach Deutschland, was zu Wanderungsbewegungen führt, die besser gesteuert werden sollten. Dabei hat das Land mit dem Aufenthaltsgesetz an sich bereits ein Zuwanderungsgesetz. Allerdings ist der institutionelle Rahmen an vielen Stellen nicht zeitgemäß. Das Kernproblem ist, dass die zuwanderungsrechtlichen Regelungen zu großen Teilen sehr komplex gefasst sind und große Interpretationsspielräume zulassen. In Kombination mit der dezentralen Organisation von Auslandsvertretungen und Ausländerbehörden hat dies zur Folge, dass der Ausgang der Verfahren und die Verfahrensdauern für die beteiligten Personen - neben den Zuwanderungsinteressierten selbst sind dies etwa auch in Drittstaaten rekrutierende Unternehmen - häufig nur schwer absehbar sind. Dies kann auf zuwanderungsinteressierte Fachkräfte abschreckend wirken, wohingegen unpräzise oder schwer verständliche Informationen über die Zugangswege Personen ohne Chancen auf einen Aufenthaltstitel darin bestärken können, sich auch ohne gültige Papiere auf den Weg zu machen. Eine deutliche Liberalisierung der Zugangswege nach Deutschland ist nach aktuellem Stand nur in zwei Bereichen geboten. Zum einen sollte vor dem Hintergrund der zu erwartenden starken Auswirkungen des demografischen Wandels für Personen, die zwar noch keine Stellenzusage vorweisen können, vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Qualifikationen und weiteren persönlichen Eigenschaften aber eine gute Integration erwarten lassen, ein neuer potenzialorientierter Zugangsweg geschaffen werden. Zum anderen sollte jungen Menschen aus Drittstaaten der Zugang zur beruflichen Bildung in Deutschland erleichtert werden.Germany needs a modern immigration law. On the one hand, in the context of demographic change and skills shortages, the country increasingly relies on well-educated people from third countries to ensure growth and prosperity. On the other hand, many predominantly low-skilled people without documents make their way to Germany, which leads to migratory movements that should be better controlled. The country already has an immigration law, namely the residence law. However, the institutional framework is outdated in many places. The core problem is that the immigration regulations are for the most part very complex and leave much room for interpretation. In combination with the decentralized organization of diplomatic missions and immigration authorities, the consequence is that the outcome and the length of the procedures are often difficult to predict for the persons involved; in addition to those interested in immigration themselves, this for instance includes companies recruiting to third countries. This may be a deterrent to professionals interested in immigration, whereas inaccurate or difficult-to-understand information may encourage people with no chance of obtaining a residence permit to embark without valid papers. A clear liberalization of access routes to Germany is currently required only in two areas. On the one hand, against the background of the expected strong effects of demographic change, a new potential-oriented access route should be established for people who do not yet have an employment contract but can be expected to integrate particularly well against the background of their qualifications and other personal characteristics. On the other hand, young people from third countries should be given easier access to vocational training in Germany
Zuwanderung: Fachkräfte aus Drittstaaten
No full textVor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels in Europa ist Deutschland mittelfristig auf Arbeitskräfte aus Drittstaaten angewiesen. Dabei gestaltet sich ihre Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt je nach Herkunftskontext sehr unterschiedlich. Zuwanderer aus den Balkanländern sind besonders häufig sozialversicherungspflichtig beschäftigt und Zuwanderer aus China, Indien und den USA als qualifizierte Fachkräfte tätig
Flüchtlinge: Qualifizierung ist der Schlüssel zur erfolgreichen Integration
No full textEin großer Teil der in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 nach Deutschland gekommen Flüchtlinge ist inzwischen am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt angekommen. Jetzt stellt sich die Herausforderung, diese Personen zu integrieren. Dabei spielt die Qualifizierung eine zentrale Rolle
Mütter kehren früher in den Job zurück
No full textZwischen 2006 und 2014 ist der Anteil der Mütter, die im zweiten Lebensjahr des Kindes arbeiten, von 34,6 Prozent auf 42,8 Prozent gestiegen, während der Anteil der im ersten Lebensjahr arbeitenden Mütter von 22,5 Prozent auf 8,5 Prozent gesunken ist. Damit hat das Elterngeld sein Ziel erreicht
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