31,996 research outputs found
Thomas Grisell letter to Thomas Rotch, 2nd mo 19th 1823
No full textThomas Grisell's letter reached the Rotch household several months before the unexpected death of Thomas Rotch in August, 1823. This is the last letter of the series and presumably the author learned of his friend's death before another letter was penned. 7.95" x 10" (20.2 by 25.5 cm
Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy
No full textChurchmen in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries tried to regulate the costume of Italian women. These efforts failed, and regulation was largely left thereafter to civic authorities.The published version was published as Chapter 3 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5Izbicki, Thomas M. (2009), "Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5 (Boydell Press), 37-53ISBN: 9781843834519 (published book)Peer reviewe
Western medieval legal manuscripts in the collections of the University of Pennsylvania
No full textWestern legal manuscripts of the Middle Ages in North American collections are among the least known to scholars. The University of Pennsylvania has a rich collection of these texts, several of which were in the collection of the historian Henry Charles Lea. Included are works of civil law and canon law, as well as collections of papal letters and guides to pastoral care. The descriptions of most of these manuscripts in the catalog of Norman P. Zacour and Rudolf Hirsch are perfunctory, sometimes erring or omitting valuable information. Other manuscripts were added in recent years in the Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection. Much of this material is being added to the Franklin online catalog of the University’s libraries, but researchers frequently do not search these digital resources. This article provides more complete guidance to the University’s medieval legal manuscripts than any of the existing catalogs offers, whether in print or online. It also provides updated bibliographic information in print or online. Every manuscript has been examined by the author in situ. Among the important works represented in the collection is the Panormia (a work of canon law often attributed to Ivo of Chartres). Authors present include the curialist Thomas of Capua, canonists Petrus de Braco, William of Pagula, Bernardus Raimundi, Adam of Aldersbach, Raymond of Peñafort, and civil lawyers Baldus de Ubaldis, and Bartolus de Saxoferrato. Three of these manuscripts were owned in the past by Sir Thomas Phillipps
Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)
No full textMedieval canon law attempted to distinguish clergy from the laity by restricting their dress choices. The article focuses on prohibition of wearing red or green on the street. Both colors were identified with the nobility.The published version was published as Chapter 7 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1Izbicki, Thomas M. (2005), "Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1 (Boydell Press),105-114ISBN: 9781843831235 (published book
Thomas Crutchfield account book, 1848-1861
No full textA book containing business accounts, including details about travel expenses and the purchase and sale of lumber as well as other goods and services. The author also catalogs personal spending, the dates and pricing of properties offered for rent, and the purchase and leasing of enslaved people. Many entries are consistent with the business activities of Thomas Crutchfield Sr., who died in 1850. Someone continued to make entries in the book for activities dated up to 1861
Thomas Crutchfield account book, 1848-1861
No full textA book containing business accounts, including details about travel expenses and the purchase and sale of lumber as well as other goods and services. The author also catalogs personal spending, the dates and pricing of properties offered for rent, and the purchase and leasing of enslaved people. Many entries are consistent with the business activities of Thomas Crutchfield Sr., who died in 1850. Someone continued to make entries in the book for activities dated up to 1861
Thomas Hazard Jr letter to Thomas Rotch, New York 6 mo 10, 1821
No full textThe author acknowledges receipt of letters after the Rotch return to Kendal, Ohio in the late spring of 1821. Thomas Hazard mentions that his whaling ship, Dawn, has sailed to the Pacific Ocean with 23 hands on board and provisions for three years. He hopes to visit Kendal in the Fall, he also mentions that William Rotch Jr was recovering from a fever.
7.9" x 10" (20 by 25.5 cm
Magnetic field morphology of the ice giants linked to their internal structure
No full textThe magnetic fields of the ice giants are multipolar and non-axisymmetric. Voyager-II-data and aurorae-observations suggest magnetic power spectra with similar power in the first three spherical harmonic degrees and a peak in the order m=1. Multipolar, non-axisymmetric fields can be modeled with several different approaches including a high density stratification in the dynamo region, strongly turbulent convection, a dynamo generated by fast zonal jets and a geometrical setup with a deep stably stratified fluid layer below the dynamo region. Earlier studies with this geometry found multipolar fields and in a few cases reproduced the peak in the magnetic power spectra at order m=1 (Stanley and Bloxham, 2006). Here we explore the robustness of the multipolarity (similar power for l=1,2,3) and the m=1-peak for a range of parameters and geometrical setups using 3D numerical dynamo models. We compare our results to internal structure models of the ice giants in order to constrain the parameters and geometrical setups that are in accordance with the magnetic field observations
Numerical dynamo models for magnetic field generation in the ice giants
No full textThe magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are not dipole-dominated and are generally more complex than the other planetary magnetic fields in our solar system. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their nature. Among these, the existence of a deep stably stratified fluid layer below the dynamo region or a dynamo operating in a large Rayleigh number turbulent regime are two prominent approaches. Both yield magnetic power spectra similar to those observed at the ice giants. A stable fluid layer in the deeper interior may also explain Uranus' low luminosity and could be the signature of a super-ionic water phase (Stanley and Bloxham, 2004). Dynamo action in a turbulently convecting ice layer, on the other hand, also explains the surface heat flow pattern and zonal flow structure, which shows a retrograde equatorial jet flanked by prograde jets (Soderlund et al., 2013). Here we present 3D numerical dynamo models based on data from recent ice giant structure models for the internal density stratification, electrical conductivity profile and aspect ratio. We aim to compare the proposed hypotheses to constrain the parameters and geometry leading to magnetic fields that are comparable to those of the ice giants in morphology and strength by particularly evaluating magnetic power spectra. Furthermore we examine the transition from prograde to retrograde equatorial jets in the turbulent models
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