128,737 research outputs found
A resolution to the blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) population paradox?
No full textWe provide the strongest evidence to date supporting the existence of two independent blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)) populations in the North Atlantic. In spite of extensive data collected in conjunction with the fishery, the population structure of blue whiting is poorly understood. On one hand, genetic, morphometric, otolith and drift modelling studies point towards the existence of two populations, but, on the other hand, observations of adult distributions point towards a single population. A paradox therefore arises in attempting to reconcile these two sets of information. Here we analyse 1100 observations of blue whiting larvae from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) from 1948-2005 using modern statistical techniques. We show a clear spatial separation between a northern spawning area, in the Rockall Trough, and a southern one, off the Porcupine Seabight. We further show a difference in the timing of spawning between these sites of at least a month, and meaningful differences in interannual variability. The results therefore support the two-population hypothesis. Furthermore, we resolve the paradox by showing that the acoustic observations cited in support of the single-population model are not capable of resolving both populations, as they occur too late in the year and do not extend sufficiently far south to cover the southern population: the confusion is the result of a simple observational artefact. We conclude that blue whiting in the North Atlantic comprises two populations
Letter from E. B. French to Charles E. Mix with letter from B. C Whiting, 1868
No full textEnclosed a letter from B. C. Whiting regarding the account current for Oct. 1867
Is meaning fraught with ought?
No full textAccording to Normativism, what an expression means has immediate implications for how a subject should or may (not) employ that expression. Many view this thesis as imposing substantive constraints upon theories of linguistic meaning. In this paper, I shall not consider that view; instead, I shall address the prior issue of whether or not one should accept Normativism. Against certain recent prominent lines of attack common to a number of different anti-Normativist discussions, I shall defend both the Normativist thesis and an attempt to appeal to a certain platitude in its support
Letter from J. B. McIntosh to E. S. Parker with letters to agents and a report from B. C. Whiting, 1869
No full textEnclosed report of B. C. Whiting and refuted certain charges. Also enclosed his letters to Agents Maltby and Fairfield
Letter from B. C. Whiting and J. B. McIntosh to E. S. Parker with letter from Henry Orman, 1869
No full textEnclosed letters from B. C. Whiting, J. B. McIntosh and Henry Orman Jr. in regards to James Haight's claim for services as blacksmith for Indian services in California
The rise and fall of the NE Atlantic blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)
No full textThe Northeast Atlantic blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) stock has undergone striking changes in abundance in the last 15 years. The stock increased dramatically in the late 1990s due to a succession of eight unusually strong year classes and dropped again equally dramatically after 2005 when the recruitment collapsed to former levels. The North Atlantic subpolar gyre has previously been shown to have a strong influence on the behaviour of this stock: synchronous changes in the gyre and recruitment suggest a causal linkage and the possibility of forecasting recruitment. A range of mechanisms are reviewed that may explain these observed changes, with two major candidate hypotheses being identified. One hypothesis suggests that the large mackerel (Scomber scombrus) stock in this region may feed on the pre-recruits of blue whiting, with the spatial overlap between blue whiting and mackerel being regulated by the subpolar gyre. Alternatively, variations in the physical environment may have given rise to changes in the amount, type and availability of food for larvae and juveniles, impacting their growth and survival and therefore recruitment. It was not possible to draw firm conclusions about the validity of either of these hypotheses: nevertheless, forecasting recruitment to this stock may be possible in the future if the underlying mechanisms can be resolve
Letters from J. B. McIntosh to E. S. Parker and Billinton C. Whiting, 1869
No full textEnclosed copy of his letter to B. C. Whiting notifying him of his readiness to relieve him from duty. Stated delay in turning over public property and his visit to the reservations
Correspondence from Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen Spencer Clawson, 1881-1884
No full textScans of letters from Harriet W. Whiting to her cousin, Ellen Spencer Clawson, 1881-1884: (1) Letter dated 27 January 1881 at Jeffersonville, Pennsylvania, by Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen S. Clawson (4 pages), plus a note from her husband, Francis Whiting, to Mr. and Mrs. Clawson; (2) Letter dated 11 July 1881 at Jeffersonville, Pennsylvania, by Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen S. Clawson (4 pages); (3) Letter dated 27 February 1882 at Jeffersonville, Pennsylvania, by Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen S. Clawson (4 pages); (4) Letter dated 18 January 1883 at Jeffersonville, Pennsylvania, by Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen S. Clawson (4 pages); (5) Letter dated 27 March 1884 at Jeffersonville, Pennsylvania, by Harriet W. Whiting to Ellen S. Clawson (4 pages). These letters make frequent mention of relatives in the areas of Canaan, New York, and Great Barrington, Massachusett
M.t. Whiting
No full textIntroduction Quasars from the Parkes Half-Jansky Flat Spectrum Sample (PHFS) (Drinkwater et al. 1997) are known to have a large dispersion in optical (B \Gamma K) colours (Webster et al. 1995, Francis et al. 1999), with the reddest objects having B \Gamma K ? 7. As such, they are much redder than optically selected quasars. There are two different theories to account for this large dispersion in B \Gamma K colour: excess red emission (most likely synchrotron) is present that increases the K flux; or dust absorption takes place, reducing the B flux. These two models have been explored by Whiting et al. (in preparation). We have found that there is an identifiable minority of quasars that are best fit with dust extinction, rather than synchrotron reddening. It is expected that, for these sources, there will be some degree of absorption of soft X-ray
Inferentialism, representationalism and derogatory words
No full textIn a recent paper, after outlining various distinguishing features of derogatory words, Jennifer Hornsby suggests that the phenomenon raises serious difficulties for inferentialism. Against Hornsby, I claim that derogatory words do not pose any insuperable problems for inferentialism, so long as it is supplemented with apparatus borrowed from Grice and Hare. Moreover, I argue, derogatory expressions pose difficulties for Hornsby’s favoured alternative theory of meaning, representationalism, unless it too is conjoined with a similar Grice/Hare mechanism. So, the upshot of the discussion is that, contra Hornsby, focus on derogatory expressions alone does not provide grounds for deciding between competing theories of meaning, but nevertheless serves to highlight important features that any such theory must acknowledge and incorporate
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