324,401 research outputs found
Renn, Jürgen: Die Evolution des Wissens. Eine Neubestimmung der Wissenschaft für das Anthropozän (Christina Wessely)
No full textErstveröffentlichung der Rezension in deutscher Sprache auf H-Soz-Kult am 30.06.2023: Christina Wessely: Rezension zu: Renn, Jürgen: Die Evolution des Wissens. Eine Neubestimmung der Wissenschaft für das Anthropozän. Berlin 2022: Suhrkamp Verlag ISBN: 978-3-518-58786-7; 1072 S., In: H-Soz-Kult, 30.06.2023 https://www.hsozkult.de/searching/id/reb-134359Первая публикация рецензии на немецком языке на H-Soz-Kult 30 июня 2023 г.: Christina Wessely: Rezension zu: Renn, Jürgen: Die Evolution des Wissens. Eine Neubestimmung der Wissenschaft für das Anthropozän. Berlin 2022: Suhrkamp Verlag ISBN: 978-3-518-58786-7; 1072 S., In: H-Soz-Kult, 30.06.2023 https://www.hsozkult.de/searching/id/reb-13435
Öffentlichkeit als epistemologische und politische Ressource für die Genese umstrittener Wissenschaftskonzepte
No full textNikolow S, Wessely C. Öffentlichkeit als epistemologische und politische Ressource für die Genese umstrittener Wissenschaftskonzepte. In: Nikolow S, Schirrmacher A, eds. Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit als Ressource füreinander. Studien zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt a. M.: Campus; 2007: 273-285
Self-reported ill health in male UK Gulf War veterans: a retrospective cohort study.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Forces deployed to the first Gulf War report more ill health than veterans who did not serve there. Many studies of post-Gulf morbidity are based on relatively small sample sizes and selection bias is often a concern. In a setting where selection bias relating to the ill health of veterans may be reduced, we: i) examined self-reported adult ill health in a large sample of male UK Gulf War veterans and a demographically similar non-deployed comparison group; and ii) explored self-reported ill health among veterans who believed that they had Gulf War syndrome. METHODS: This study uses data from a retrospective cohort study of reproduction and child health in which a validated postal questionnaire was sent to all UK Gulf War veterans (GWV) and a comparison cohort of Armed Service personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf (NGWV). The cohort for analysis comprises 42,818 males who responded to the questionnaire. RESULTS: We confirmed that GWV report higher rates of general ill health. GWV were significantly more likely to have reported at least one new medical symptom or disease since 1990 than NGWV (61% versus 37%, OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.5-2.8). They were also more likely to report higher numbers of symptoms. The strongest associations were for mood swings (OR 20.9, 95%CI 16.2-27.0), memory loss/lack of concentration (OR 19.6, 95% CI 15.5-24.8), night sweats (OR 9.9, 95% CI 6.5-15.2), general fatigue (OR 9.6, 95% CI 8.3-11.1) and sexual dysfunction (OR 4.6, 95%CI 3.2-6.6). 6% of GWV believed they had Gulf War syndrome (GWS), and this was associated with the highest symptom reporting. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of reported ill health among GWV were confirmed. This study was the first to use a questionnaire which did not focus specifically on the veterans' symptoms themselves. Nevertheless, the results are consistent with those of other studies of post-Gulf war illness and thus strengthen overall findings in this area of research. Further examination of the mechanisms underlying the reporting of ill health is required
H-index pathology: Implications for medical researchers and practitioners
Full text linkThe h-index has quickly become the standard method by which medical schools judge the impact of medical researchers. Rob Horne, Keith Petrie, and Simon Wessely describe a cluster of potentially pathological behaviours associated with the index
Sachbilder zwischen Wissenschaft, Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft. Otto Neuraths Bildpädagogik im historischen Kontext
No full textNikolow S. Sachbilder zwischen Wissenschaft, Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft. Otto Neuraths Bildpädagogik im historischen Kontext. In: Brandstetter T, Rupnow D, Wessely C, eds. Sachunterricht. Fundstücke aus der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Wien: Löcker Verlag; 2008: 59-65
Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and cortisone output in chronic fatigue syndrome
No full textBackground
The aim of the present study was to obtain a naturalistic measure of diurnal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis output in CFS patients unaffected by medication or comorbid psychiatric disorder likely to influence the axis.Method
Cortisol and cortisone levels were measured in saliva samples collected from 0600 h to 2100 h at 3-h intervals in CFS patients and healthy controls.Results
Mean cortisol and cortisone concentrations were significantly lower in patients than controls across the whole day, as were levels at each individual time point except 2100 h. Cosinor analysis showed a significant diurnal rhythm of cortisol and cortisone that was not phase-shifted in CFS compared to controls. However, there was a lower rhythm-adjusted mean and a lower amplitude in CFS patients. The cortisol/cortisone ratio showed no diurnal rhythm and did not differ between CFS subjects and controls.Limitations
The sample size was relatively small, and drawn from specialist referral patients who had been ill for some time; generalisation of these results to other populations is therefore unwarranted.Conclusion
The main findings of this study are to provide further evidence for reduced basal HPA axis function in at least some patients with CFS and to show for the first time that salivary cortisone is also reduced in CFS and has a diurnal rhythm similar to that of cortisol. We have also demonstrated that the cortisol/cortisone ratio remains unchanged in CFS, suggesting that increased conversion of cortisol to cortisone cannot account for the observed lowering of salivary cortisol. <br/
Dramatic reduction in triplet and higher order births in England and Wales.
No full textThe proportion of multiple births has increased markedly since 1980 in England and Wales. A major contribution to this trend is thought to be the widespread introduction of assisted reproductive technologies. Despite a continuing (but slower) upward trend in twin maternities, analysis of recent data shows that the rate of triplet and higher order births in England and Wales has declined by one-quarter since 1998. This probably reflects both voluntary and statutory regulation of treatment regimes. This downward trend will help alleviate the high burden of perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with multiple births
Experience of miscarriage in the UK: qualitative findings from the National Women's Health Study.
No full textMiscarriage is the most common adverse outcome in pregnancy. For many women it is a traumatic experience. Previous research has identified shortcomings in the emotional and social support provided for miscarriage sufferers but personal accounts of pregnancy loss remain relatively under-explored. The UK National Women's Health Study (NWHS) is a nationally representative survey of women's reproductive histories. It provided an opportunity to study accounts of miscarriage written in response to an invitation for further comments on the survey questionnaire. In conjunction with quantitative findings from the NWHS, we thematically analysed 172 detailed narratives that facilitated qualitative exploration of a characteristically private event. Analysis of the narratives suggested that few women who had planned their pregnancy were satisfied with fatalistic explanations of miscarriage. Those who were not given medical explanations for their loss engaged in complex searches for meaning, often linked to accounts of their moral deservedness as mothers. The narratives highlighted tensions between biomedical and lay understandings of pregnancy loss. There were reports of inappropriate medicalisation and a perceived lack of emotional support, but also a desire for medical validation of the reality of miscarriage and investigations to identify medical causes. Professionals' reported behaviour played a key role in women's accounts. These findings remind providers that: women do not experience miscarriage as a routine complication; medicalisation is both resisted and desired; and, for some women, more support and information is needed to assist their search for meaning
La psichiatria tra ricerca "theory enhancing", ricerca "change promoting" e pratica clinica. Una sfida sostenibile
No full textPsychiatr
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