825 research outputs found
A simple instrument for the measurement of ocean colour
No full textThe requirement for an inexpensive instrument for the measurement of underwater irradiance and radiance was discussed by the WOlRS Instrument Design Group. It was considered important to have a low cost design measuring at a number of discrete spectral bands in the visible region of the spectrum. An initial requirements specification and a component cost target of $5000 US were set at this meeting
CAPRI versus AGLINK-COSIMO: Two partial equilibrium models - Two baseline approaches
No full textThe agricultural modelling world has generated several models aiming at the analysis of the response of the sector to certain changes in exogenous mainly policy variables. Among those, the CAPRI modelling system developed by a consortium centred on the University of Bonn and the AGLINK-COSIMO model, a joint product of the OECD and the FAO, are well known and accepted as comprehensive tools. This analysis focuses on a qualitative comparison of both models and particularly on the process of setting up the baseline. The baseline is a medium-term projection of agricultural markets reflecting current policies and those already decided upon. This projection in turn serves as the base for comparisons when analyzing scenarios. It is shown that CAPRI uses generic and automatic procedures whenever possible for conducting the database and the baseline, while AGLINK-COSIMO puts more emphasis on expert knowledge in this process. Both approaches are shown to have certain advantages while the conclusion that a combination of them would potentially improve both models will be drawn from this analysis.CAPRI, AGLINK-COSIMO, Baseline process, Agricultural and Food Policy,
Secchi disk observations in the coastal waters of the Northern Adriatic Sea aboard R/V Dallaporta in 2021
No full textA white Secchi disk with a diameter of 30 cm with a lead weight at the bottom was used during the field campaign aboard the R/V Dallaporta between 14 and 27 March 2021. At selected station the Secchi disk depth was recorded as a relative measure of water clarity, detailed approach is presented in open-access (Garaba et al., 2015; Wernand, 2011). The Secchi disk is lowered until it is no longer visible and the depth at which it disappers is recorded from the surface. The measurements is then used to describe water clarity as clear or turbid using the Secchi disk depth in meters as an index. Stations were located in the Po Delta and coastal waters of the Northen Adriatic Sea
The Author in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction Marcel Duchamp's Fountain and the Originality of Replica
No full textIn 1917, Marcel Duchamp chose a mans urinal, signed it R. Mutt 1917," entitled it Fountain, and submitted it for an art exhibition. Although Fountain was rejected, it posed the fundamental questions regarding the nature of art and its authenticity. Fountain was canonized as the groundbreaking practice of Readymade, which changed the course of modem art once and for all. Yet, it is a sheer mystery how this urinal, one of the standardìzed products, mechanically manufactured in a factory to be consumed for everyday needs, was alienated from its initial field of commodity to be de-commiditized, re-valorized, and circulated as a significant work of art, without the material existence of the object and a visible author. For the urinal or Fountain disappeared soon after the rejection-either lost or destroyed. Moreover, since Duchamp kept his authorship a secret, only a handful of people knew that Mr. R. Mutt was in fact Duchamp. In the early 1930s, Duchamp began reproducing his lost original as accurately as possible based on his memory, documentation, and photograph. Although his original work was mechanically produced, the process of reproductions was highly controlled and the outcomes were carefully crafted by the artist. The range of histories of the things functioning as replicas of the lost Fountain reveals the iηtensity of the aspiration of the author to preserve the authenticity of the original and subsequently the authority of the artist by putting thε copies in circulation. By investigating the Fountains reproductions, I argue that bεhind the mystery of Fountain， there exists an author whose power is not activated by his manual labor of production, but by his name, i.e., the signature, in the realm of mass production in the age of mechanical reproduction
A Centuries-long History of Participatory Science in Optical Oceanography: from observation to interpretation of natural water colouring
No full textParticipatory science is not, as perhaps is believed, something of the 21st century. In this manuscript we show that over a century ago it were not only scientists who collected oceanographic data but also merchant sailors. A good example of such globally collected data are Forel-Ule observations,from which the first date back to 1889. This hardly explored (NOAA) dataset, containing around 228,000 of so-called ocean colour observations, was recently analysed on trends. Some ofthe material here presented refers to a recent publication ‘Trends in Ocean Colour and ChlorophyllConcentration from 1889 to 2000, Worldwide’ (Wernand et al., 2013).Since the launch of satellite-mounted sensors globe-wide monitoring of chlorophyll, a phytoplanktonbiomass proxy, became feasible. Just as satellites, the Forel-Ule (FU) scale record (a hardly explored database of ocean colour) has covered all seas and oceans - but already since1889. We provided evidence of the usefulness of the Forel-Ule scale observation record dating back to 1889 from which changes of ocean surface chlorophyll can be reconstructed with confidencefrom this record. Our analysis has not revealed a globe-wide trend of increase or decrease in chlorophyll concentration during the past century; ocean regions have apparently respondeddifferentially to changes in meteorological, hydrological and biological conditions at the surface related to global warming. Since 1889 chlorophyll concentrations have decreased in the IndianOcean and in the Pacific; and increased in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, the Chinese Sea, and in the seas west and north-west of Japan. Clearly, explanations of chlorophyll changesover long periods should focus on hydrographical and biological characteristics typical of single ocean regions, not on those of ‘the’ ocean.To facilitate climate change research we recommend the reintroduction and use of the Forel-Ulescale to expand the historic database. Accordingly, through participatory science, with the help of the public, we like to establish this goal. We suggest the manufacturing and distribution of a new type, easy to make, Forel-Ule scale, recently developed within the EU-project „Citizens’ Observatoryfor Coast and Ocean Optical Monitoring“ (Citclops). Additionally, within the same project a smartphone App is being developed to facilitate public involvement in worldwide collection ofForel-Ule data
Diferencias categóricas. La invención del intercambio social en la obra de Marcel Mauss. Dimensión Antropológica Vol. 70 Año 24 (2017) mayo-agosto
No full textAllen, N. J., Categories and Classifications: Maussian Reflexions on the Social, Londres, Berghahn, 2000.Babadzan, Alain, Les Dépoulles des dieux: Essai sur la religion tahitienne à l’époque de la découverte, París, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1993.Benedict, Ruth, Patterns of Culture, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1934.Boas, Franz, “The Social Organization and Secret Societies of the Kwakiult Indians”, Report of the U.S. National Museum for 1895, 1897, pp. 311-338.____________, “Ethnology of the Kwakiult”, Bureau of American Ethnology Thirty- Fifth Annual Report, Washington D.C., Government Printing Office, 1921.Borneman, John, y Abdellah Hammoudi, Being There. 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Regímenes de futuro en un pueblo de Yucatán”, Cuicuilco, núm. 18, 2011, pp. 181-202.____________, “Promissory Prestations: a Yucatec Village between Ritual Exchange and Development Cash Transfers”, tesis de doctorado, Baltimore, Department of Anthropology-Johns Hopkins University, 2013.Durkheim, Émile, Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse: Le système totémique en Australie, París, Alcan, 1912.____________, y Marcel Mauss, “De quelques formes primitives de classification- contribution à l’étude des représentations collectives”, L´Année Sociologique, núm. 6, París, Alcan, 1903.Firth, Raymond, Economics of the New Zealand Maori, Wellington, R. E. Owen Government Printer, 1959.Fournier, Marcel, Marcel Mauss, París, Fayard, 1994.____________, Marcel Mauss: A Biography, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2006.____________, “Durkheim, Mauss et Bourdieu: une filiation?”, Marcel Mauss Vivant. 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Ello se hace desde una perspectiva filosófica, anclada en la empresa que iniciara con Emile Durkheim, en el contexto del grupo de colaboradores de L’Année Sociologique, hasta descripciones más positivistas y pragmáticas, los avatares históricos del intercambio social configuran el núcleo de la obra maussiana. El principal objetivo de este texto es dar cuenta de los cambios, continuidades y transformaciones que dicha noción ocupa en el contexto de la primera escuela sociológica francesa.This paper describes the evolution of Marcel Mauss’s diverse notions of exchange. Undertaken as a more philosophical enterprise, it begins with Emile Durkheim in the context of the research group of collaborators of L’Année Sociologique, to a more positivist and pragmatist perspective, the historical vicissitudes of social exchange that constitute the core of Mauss’s work. The main objective of this text is to trace the changes, continuities, and transformations of his notions of exchange in the context of the first French sociological school
A Centuries-long History of Participatory Science in Optical Oceanography: from observation to interpretation of natural water colouring.
No full textParticipatory science is not, as perhaps is believed, something of the 21st century. In this manuscript we show that over a century ago it were not only scientists who collected oceanographic data but also merchant sailors. A good example of such globally collected data are Forel-Ule observations, from which the first date back to 1889. This hardly explored (NOAA) dataset, containingaround 228,000 of so-called ocean colour observations, was recently analysed on trends. Some of the material here presented refers to a recent publication ‘Trends in Ocean Colour and Chlorophyll Concentration from 1889 to 2000, Worldwide’ (Wernand et al., 2013).Since the launch of satellite-mounted sensors globe-wide monitoring of chlorophyll, a phytoplankton biomass proxy, became feasible. Just as satellites, the Forel-Ule (FU) scale record (a hardly explored database of ocean colour) has covered all seas and oceans - but already since 1889. We provided evidence of the usefulness of the Forel-Ule scale observation record dating back to 1889 from which changes of ocean surface chlorophyll can be reconstructed with confidence from this record. Our analysis has not revealed a globe-wide trend of increase or decrease in chlorophyll concentration during the past century; ocean regions have apparently responded differentially to changes in meteorological, hydrological and biological conditions at the surface related to global warming. Since 1889 chlorophyll concentrations have decreased in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific; and increased in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, the ChineseSea, and in the seas west and north-west of Japan. Clearly, explanations of chlorophyll changes over long periods should focus on hydrographical and biological characteristics typical of single ocean regions, not on those of ‘the’ ocean.To facilitate climate change research we recommend the reintroduction and use of the Forel-Ule scale to expand the historic database. Accordingly, through participatory science, with the help of the public, we like to establish this goal. We suggest the manufacturing and distribution of a new type, easy to make, Forel-Ule scale, recently developed within the EU-project „Citizens’ Observatoryfor Coast and Ocean Optical Monitoring“ (Citclops). Additionally, within the same project a smartphone App is being developed to facilitate public involvement in worldwide collection of Forel-Ule data
Ground-Based Soil Moisture Retrieval Using the Correlation Between Dual-Polarization GNSS-R Interference Patterns
No full textSoil moisture (SM) is an important state variable in land surface models. Here, we investigate the potential of a ground-based global navigation satellite system receiver with two linearly polarized antennas that measure the interference power (IP) of direct and reflected signals in horizontal polarization (H-pol) and vertical polarization (V-pol) to estimate SM. The coefficient of determination between the IP waveforms at H-pol and V-pol ( ) was used as a predictor of SM. A coherent specular reflection model was employed to first explore the relationship between and SM for different values of soil roughness. That relationship was subsequently applied to estimate SM from determined from global positioning system (GPS) signals acquired continuously by a ground-based receiver between May and December 2022 for an area with very smooth bare soil. The results show that the proposed method can estimate the SM of the upper 10-cm layer with high accuracy (with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of approximately 1.5 vol.%) and demonstrate the potential of the ground-based IP technique as a practical system solution for proximal remote sensing of SM over bare soils .Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Mathematical Geodesy and PositioningGeoscience and Remote Sensin
Dictionnaire de Spiritualité vol. 13
No full textR. James Long is a contributing author, Richard Fishacre , volume 13
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