24,802 research outputs found
Debate about Pensions — Reply and Response
No full textAbstract In its June 2020 issue, Wirtschaftsdienst published an article entitled „Beitragsfinanzierung im ‚demografiegestressten‘ Rentensystem möglich“ by Ernst Niemeier. Martin Werding takes a different view in a reply, and Ernst Niemeier explains his point of view in a response
Petrolisthes sanmartini Werding & Hiller 2002
No full textPetrolisthes sanmartini Werding & Hiller, 2002 Petrolisthes sanmartini Werding & Hiller 2002: 849, figs. 1–3; Rodríguez et al. 2005: 566; (?) Poupin 2018: 151. Material examined. None. Previous records from Panama. Rodríguez et al. (2005). Distribution. West Atlantic: Belize, E Lesser Antilles (Saint Martin, but see below), Panama (Bocas del Toro) and Colombia (Werding & Hiller 2002; Rodríguez et al. 2005; Poupin 2018). Ecology. Shallow subtidal, known depth range: 2–3 m, probably deeper; seems to prefer deeper and more exposed parts of reef formations, compared to other species of the P. galathinus complex; typically in interstices of dead Porites corals (Werding & Hiller, 2002; Poupin 2018). Remarks. Petrolisthes sanmartini can be distinguished from all other currently described species of the P. galathinus complex by its relatively more slender extremities and the presence of five movable spines on the P2–P4 dactyli. Poupin’s (2008) record of P. sanmartini from Saint Martin, French Antilles (not to be confused with Isla San Martín, Colombia, the type locality), needs confirmation as the author stated: “there are four spines on P3 dactyl for this species; determination is from Hiller/Werding”. Werding & Hiller (2002) described the colouration of P. sanmartini as striped all over the carapace, with P1 having narrow and partly interrupted darker lines, alternating with fine whitish lines, and P2–P4 having irregular brown and olive patches on the ischia and meri, and whitish with narrow darker longitudinal stripes on the carpi, propodi and dactyli. The species appears to be uncommon in Panama, presently known only from Bocas del Toro area.Published as part of Ferreira, Luciane Augusto De Azevedo & Anker, Arthur, 2021, An annotated and illustrated checklist of the porcelain crabs of Panama (Decapoda: Anomura), pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 5045 (1) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5045.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/553217
Income-(in)dependent equivalence scales and inequality measurement
No full textThis text is a condensed and improved version of our working paper "Income Dependent Equivalence Scales, Inequality, and Poverty", CESifo Working Paper 5568, co-authored by Jan Marvin Garbuszus, Notburga Ott, and Martin Werding. Also provided is the code which allows to replicate both the current and the old version of the paper
Income-(in)dependent equivalence scales and inequality measurement
No full textThis text is a condensed and improved version of our working paper "Income Dependent Equivalence Scales, Inequality, and Poverty", CESifo Working Paper 5568, co-authored by Jan Marvin Garbuszus, Notburga Ott, and Martin Werding. Also provided is the code which allows to replicate both the current and the old version of the paper
Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen: Modellrechnungen für die mittlere und lange Frist
No full textProf. Martin Werding, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, hat in Kooperation mit dem ifo Institut, München, und im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums der Finanzen in der vorliegenden Studie aktualisierte Berechnungen zur Tragfähigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen erstellt. Dabei wird mit annahmegestützten Modellrechnungen aus heutiger Sicht eine Bandbreite für sich abzeichnende haushaltspolitische Langfristrisiken aufgezeigt. Simuliert werden öffentliche Ausgaben, die von der demographischen Alterung aller Voraussicht nach besonders betroffen sein werden. Rechtsstand ist der Jahresanfang 2013. Gemäß dem Langfrist-Indikator S2 beläuft sich die Tragfähigkeitslücke in der optimistischen Variante auf 0,6% und in der pessimistischen Variante auf 3,1% des BIP. Verschiedene andere Indikatoren sowie Resultate für alternative Varianten werden berechnet
Assessing Old-age Pension Benefits: The Rules Applied In Different Countries
No full textGesetzliche Rentenversicherung, Flexible Altersgrenze, EU-Staaten, Schweiz, Public pension system, Flexible retirement, EU countries, Switzerland, United States Vereinigte Staaten
How do Migrants Choose their Destination Country? An Analysis of Institutional Determinants
No full textFor a long time, migration has been subject to intensive economic research. Nevertheless, empirical evidence regarding the determinants of migration still appears to be incomplete. In this paper, we analyze the effects of socio-economic and institutional determinants, especially labor-market institutions, on migrants' choices. Based on a large data set constructed from micro-data for France, Germany, the UK and the US, we study their decisions to migrate to one of the four countries using a Multinomial Choice framework. Our estimates confirm a number of conventional results such as positive effects of wages and immigrant networks and negative effects of unemployment rates. In addition, we find that employment protection, union coverage and unemployment benefits have positive effects on migration. Also good education and health systems tend to attract migrants, while generous pension systems may deter them. Based on separate estimations for high- and low-skilled migrants, there is evidence that the effects of labor-market institutions differ across skill groups.migration, labour-market institutions, micro-data, Multinomial Choice
Erwerbsmigration nach Deutschland: Chancen durch gesteuerte Zuwanderung
No full textDie Zuwanderung zum Erwerbszweck, insbesondere aus der Europäischen Union, hat im vergangenen Jahrzehnt entscheidend dazu beigetragen, die Arbeitskräftenachfrage in Deutschland zu decken. Demografiebedingt dürfte sie zukünftig jedoch zurückgehen, was wegen einer gleichen demografischen Entwicklung im Inland zu einem Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials führt. Martin Werding, Universität Bochum und Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, und Franziska K. Lembcke, Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, diskutieren, wie aktuelle Reformvorhaben der Bundesregierung dazu beitragen können, diese Lücke zu schließen. Inländische Arbeitskräftepotenziale zu mobilisieren, dürfte dazu nicht ausreichen. Gesteuerte Erwerbsmigration aus Drittstaaten eröffnet dagegen Chancen, um den zukünftigen Fachkräftebedarf zu befriedigen. Erforderlich ist dazu eine weitere Öffnung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes. Außerdem müssen weiterhin bestehende Hürden für die Erwerbsmigration identifiziert und abgesenkt werden
Second-best Properties of Implicit Social Security Taxes: Theory and Empirical Evidence
No full textThis paper investigates the inter-temporal structure of implicit taxes that arise in unfunded pension schemes. We demonstrate that these tax rates are declining over the life cycle. Using German micro-data for men and married women we estimate periodic wage elasticities of labour supply in order to check the second-best properties of this timing of tax rates. An efficient taxation would require to decrease the excessive implicit taxes for married women and to implement an inversely "J-shaped" tax profile for male workers. This result contradicts the standard proposal to smooth the profile of implicit tax rates across the individual life cyclepublic pensions, labour supply, optimal taxation
Ageing and Productivity Growth: Are there Macro-level Cohort Effects of Human Capital?
No full textSlower growth of the labour force and an increase in old-age dependency will reduce the growth of aggregate output and output per capita in many developed countries. However, a major question is whether there is any systematic link between demographics and the productivity of those who will still be active during the up-coming period of demographic ageing. As productivity is difficult to investigate at a micro level, the paper builds on a large macro-data panel covering developed as well as developing countries and explores the impact of the age composition of the labour force on levels and growth rates of output per worker as well as on total factor productivity (TFP). The results confirm earlier findings by Feyrer (2007), pointing to an inversely U-shaped relationship between the share of workers in different age groups and productivity which mainly works through the TFP channel and is effectively much stronger than what can be observed at a micro level. In-depths analyses suggest that cohort effects in human-capital accumulation may contribute to this pattern, but do not explain it. The paper concludes with simulations for a number of OECD countries showing that the impact of projected ageing of the labour force on productivity and per-capita growth could be really substantial in some cases.demographic change, economic growth, total factor productivity, macro-level panel regressions, simulations
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