9,404 research outputs found
MOFs and COFs in Electronics: Bridging the Gap between Intrinsic Properties and Measured Performance
No full textAbstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold promise for advanced electronics due to their tunable structural and electronic properties. However, discrepancies in reported electrical conductivities underscore the critical role of measurement methodologies. This review explores how intrinsic charge transport mechanisms (band‐like vs hopping) and extrinsic factors (grain boundaries, contact resistance) influence performance. This review critically examines the impact of common characterization methods – including two‐probe, four‐probe, van‐der‐Pauw, thin‐film, pellet, and single‐crystal techniques – on the assessment of electronic properties in MOFs and COFs. Case studies on copper benzenehexathiol (Cu 3 BHT) and copper hexahydroxytriphenylene (Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 ) illustrate how factors such as grain boundaries and contact resistance strongly affect measured conductivities. Advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (conductive atomic force microscopy, terahertz spectroscopy) provide nanoscale or dynamic insights but may not reflect macroscopic device behavior. The necessity of standardized, method‐specific reporting and careful selection of characterization strategies to bridge the gap between intrinsic material properties and real‐world electronic performance are highlighted.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Letter from Thomas R. Bodine, American Friends Service Committee Seattle office, to Mary M. Kimber, May 25, 1942
No full textLetter from Thomas R. Bodine to Mary M. Kimber, asking Kimber to visit individuals from the Puget Sound area incarcerated at Pinedale Assembly Center: Rev. Daisuke Kitigawa, Waichi Oyanagi, Chisako Higuchi, Mutsuo Hasiguchi and Mrs. Matsuoka, Makato Kobukata, the Hirabayashi family, and Violet Yokoyama. A note in pencil at the top of the page: "Burcham." A response letter from Grace and Calvin Coke to Thomas R. Bodine is found in item: chs_ms840_0306.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy
No full textChurchmen in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries tried to regulate the costume of Italian women. These efforts failed, and regulation was largely left thereafter to civic authorities.The published version was published as Chapter 3 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5Izbicki, Thomas M. (2009), "Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5 (Boydell Press), 37-53ISBN: 9781843834519 (published book)Peer reviewe
Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)
No full textMedieval canon law attempted to distinguish clergy from the laity by restricting their dress choices. The article focuses on prohibition of wearing red or green on the street. Both colors were identified with the nobility.The published version was published as Chapter 7 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1Izbicki, Thomas M. (2005), "Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1 (Boydell Press),105-114ISBN: 9781843831235 (published book
Charge transport in single polymer fiber transistors in the sub-100 nm regime: temperature dependence and Coulomb blockade
No full textAbstractEven though charge transport in semiconducting polymers is of relevance for a number of potential applications in (opto-)electronic devices, the fundamental mechanism of how charges are transported through organic polymers that are typically characterized by a complex nanostructure is still open. One of the challenges which we address here, is how to gain controllable experimental access to charge transport at the sub-100 nm lengthscale. To this end charge transport in single poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) fiber transistors, employing two different solid gate dielectrics, a hybrid Al2O3/self-assembled monolayer and hexagonal boron nitride, is investigated in the sub-50 nm regime using electron-beam contact patterning. The electrical characteristics exhibit near ideal behavior at room temperature which demonstrates the general feasibility of the nanoscale contacting approach, even though the channels are only a few nanometers in width. At low temperatures, we observe nonlinear behavior in the current–voltage characteristics in the form of Coulomb diamonds which can be explained by the formation of an array of multiple quantum dots at cryogenic temperatures.Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciencehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Münchenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007153Solar Technologies go Hybridhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012027Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110000165
Author Profile: Thomas Ward
No full text"I can never resist fresh sushi with a cup of green tea. My greatest achievement has been our three wonderful kids. …" This and more about Thomas Ward can be found on page 4722
Ferroelectric and anomalous quantum Hall states in bare rhombohedral trilayer graphene
Full text linkNontrivial interacting phases can emerge in elementary materials. As a prime example, continuing advances in device quality have facilitated the observation of a variety of spontaneous quantum Hall-like states, a cascade of Stoner-like magnets, and an unconventional superconductor in bilayer graphene. Its natural extension, rhombohedral trilayer graphene is predicted to be even more susceptible to interactions given its even flatter low-energy bands and larger winding number. Theoretically, five spontaneous quantum Hall phases have been proposed to be candidate ground states. Here, we provide transport evidence for observing four of the five competing ordered states in interaction-maximized, dually-gated, rhombohedral trilayer graphene. In particular, at vanishing but finite magnetic fields, two states with Chern numbers 3 and 6 can be stabilized at elevated and low electric fields, respectively, and both exhibit clear magnetic hysteresis. We also reveal that the quantum Hall ferromagnets of the zeroth Landau level are ferroelectrics with spontaneous layer polarizations even at zero electric field, as evidenced by electric hysteresis. Our findings exemplify the possible birth of rich interacting electron physics in a simple elementary material
The Gospel of Thomas and the earliest texts of the synoptic gospels
No full textResearch on the Gospel of Thomas in the last quarter of a
century has made it clear that the origins of this apocryphal gospel
cannot
be
satisfactorily explained from a single point of view. The
author thus suggests that Thomas
be
understood as a growing collection
of sayings which originated in various places and languages, with some
logia being added to the collection after its inception. While this
suggestion is by no means new, there have been few extensive attempts
to study Thomas from such a presupposition.
Due to the need for a control group, only the logia which have
rather close parallels to the Synoptic gospels are investigated. Verbal and textual affinities are noted between these logia and the earliest texts of the Gospels (the Coptic versions, the Diatessaron, the
Old Syriac version, and other early versions and Christian writings).
Various degrees of probable contact between each logion and these
texts are assigned.
The results of this study give some idea as to the place of
origin, the original language, and the approximate date at which certain logia were added to the collection. Those sayings which show a
closer affinity to the Diatessaron, the Old Syriac version, or other
Syrian writings may
be
considered as having been added to the sayings
collection as it circulated in its earliest form, possibly in a Semitic language. Other logia which show no signs of awareness of a
Syrian reading, but which are similar to variants found in the Coptic
versions or other Egyptian texts, may well have originated in Egypt
and been added to the collection at a later stage. These results,
however, must await verification by those who might approach Thomas
from related, but different, perspectives
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