24 research outputs found
"Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness.
No full textThis project contains the study materials and analysis code for Taylor, J., Weiss, S.M., & Marshall, P.J. (in press). "Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness. Interaction Studies
"Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness.
No full textThis project contains the study materials and analysis code for Taylor, J., Weiss, S.M., & Marshall, P.J. (in press). "Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness. Interaction Studies
"Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness.
No full textThis project contains the study materials and analysis code for Taylor, J., Weiss, S.M., & Marshall, P.J. (in press). "Alexa, how are you feeling today?" Mind perception, smart speakers, and uncanniness. Interaction Studies
Anticipation across modalities in children and adults: Relating anticipatory alpha rhythm lateralization, reaction time, and executive function
No full textThe development of the ability to anticipate—as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus—may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to anticipated target stimuli in relation to individual differences in the ability to use goals to direct action (as indexed by measures of executive function; EF). A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in 40 adults (aged 18–25 years) and 40 children (aged 6–8 years) to examine the association of changes in the amplitude of modality-specific alpha-range rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during anticipation of lateralized visual, tactile, or auditory stimuli with inter- and intraindividual variation in RT and EF. Children and adults exhibited contralateral anticipatory reductions in the mu rhythm and the visual alpha rhythm for tactile and visual anticipation, respectively, indicating modality and spatially specific attention allocation. Variability in within-subject anticipatory alpha lateralization (the difference between contralateral and ipsilateral alpha power) was related to single-trial RT. This relation was more prominent in adults than in children, and was not apparent for auditory stimuli. Multilevel models indicated that interindividual differences in anticipatory mu rhythm lateralization contributed to the significant association with variability in EF, but this was not the case for visual or auditory alpha rhythms. Exploratory microstate analyses were undertaken to cluster global field power (GFP) into a distribution-free temporal analysis examining developmental differences across samples and in relation to RT and EF. Anticipation is suggested as a developmental bridge construct connecting neuroscience, behavior, and cognition, with anticipatory EEG oscillations being discussed as quantifiable and potentially malleable indicators of stimulus prediction.Temple University. College of Liberal ArtsPsychology and Neuroscienc
What Next? Unpacking Anticipatory EEG Oscillations in Auditory, Tactile and Visual Modalities: Relations with Behavior and Executive Function in Children and Adults
Get PDFAnticipation refers to preparation for upcoming events in the environment (Clark, 1998; Ondobaka & Bekkering, 2007; Allen & Friston, 2016). The ability to anticipate – as manifested in the preparatory actions and neural activation in expectation of an upcoming target stimulus – may play a key role in the development of cognitive skills. In the current study, cognitive skills are specified as the execution of stimulus-relevant, goal-directed actions (as indexed by reaction time) and individual differences in the ability to use goals to direct action (as indexed by executive function measures). A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in 40 adults and 40 6- to 8-year-old children to examine the association of neural correlates of anticipatory attention to visual, tactile and auditory stimuli with inter- and intra-individual variation in executive function (EF) abilities. Consistent with prior findings (Weiss, Meltzoff, & Marshall, 2018), the sensorimotor mu rhythm in the alpha range of the EEG signal was suppressed in the contralateral hemisphere during anticipation of tactile stimulation, with the extent of this suppression being related to children’s performance on EF tasks. Within-subject relations were also found between lateralized EEG modulation and single-trial reaction time responses to target stimuli. This relation was evident for visual and tactile stimuli (but not auditory stimuli) and was more prominent in adults than children. Further, these relations were responsible for significant variance in executive function scores using a multi-level model. Results indicated that inter-individual differences in anticipatory sensorimotor mu modulation (not visual alpha or auditory tau rhythms) contributed to the significant association with executive function variability. I discuss anticipatory EEG oscillations as an empirical, quantifiable indicator of stimulus prediction, advancing anticipation as a bridge concept embedded in neuroscientific, behavioral, computational and developmental science.Psycholog
Individual differences in bodily attention: Variability in anticipatory mu rhythm power is associated with executive function abilities and processing speed
No full textThe ability to anticipate, attend and respond appropriately to specific stimuli is involved in the execution of everyday tasks. The current investigation examined the relations between cognitive skills measured by the NIH Toolbox and changes in the power of mu oscillations during anticipation of and in response to a tactile stimulus. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was measured after a visuospatial cue directed adults (n=40) to monitor their right or left hand for upcoming tactile stimulation. In the 500 ms prior to the onset of the tactile stimulus, a desynchronization was apparent 8 – 14 Hz at contralateral central sites, consistent with prior investigations of mu rhythm; a widespread synchronization was apparent in the 250 ms proceeding delivery of the tactile stimulus. The extent of contralateral reduction in mu power was associated with speed processing ability, while ipsilateral mu power was associated with flanker performance and marginally correlated with card sort performance. Regression further probe the significance and specificity of these effects. Increases in mu power following onset of the tactile stimulus were not associated with any behavioral measures. Mu modulation during attention to a specific bodily location appears related to variability in the broader ability to regulate behavior in a goal-directed manner, and perhaps to speed of stimulus processing
Unpacking Anticipatory EEG Oscillations in Auditory, Tactile and Visual Modalities: Relations with Action Execution and Executive Function in Children and Adults
No full textAuditory cues will indicate the spatial location (R or L) of subsequent visual, auditory or tactile target stimuli. Time-frequency decomposition of the EEG signal (baseline-corrected) will result in a mean alpha power or ERSP value for each participant, which will be correlated with their reaction time & accuracy rate in detecting the target stimulus (action execution) as well as their self-regulatory abilities more broadly, measured by an executive function battery that includes a flanker, card sort & working memory composite
COVID-19 in the Context of Pregnancy, Infancy & Parenting
No full textOur first 1000 days (from conception to two years of age) are a critical window of vulnerability from exposure to stress, socio-economic and health challenges. While the national lockdown saved lives, secondary consequences may impart an acute and potentially enduring influence - on the economic and psychological adjustment of parents, early parent-child interactions and physical growth and cognitive development of infants – well beyond the current crisis. Through a national online web-based questionnaire, we will further our understanding of how (i) access and attitudes towards social, medical and financial support during the COVID-19 pandemic associate with parental stress, anxiety and depression; (ii) COVID-19 related restrictions impact on the depth and breadth of social interactions that young infants experience in the first six months of life and (iii) parental mental health and social interaction experiences mediate physical, social and cognitive development in infants.
The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of COVID-19 on expectant and new parents and their infants across the UK so that we can 1) develop an evidence base for future policy to support the adjustment of families in this current crisis and in future public health emergencies, 2) identify those most vulnerable in ‘generation COVID’ who may benefit from early intervention and 3) increase participation, and insight into the experience, of underrepresented regional/socio-economic and ethnic groups across the UK
COVID-19 in the Context of Pregnancy, Infancy & Parenting
No full textOur first 1000 days (from conception to two years of age) are a critical window of vulnerability from exposure to stress, socio-economic and health challenges. While the national lockdown saved lives, secondary consequences may impart an acute and potentially enduring influence - on the economic and psychological adjustment of parents, early parent-child interactions and physical growth and cognitive development of infants – well beyond the current crisis. Through a national online web-based questionnaire, we will further our understanding of how (i) access and attitudes towards social, medical and financial support during the COVID-19 pandemic associate with parental stress, anxiety and depression; (ii) COVID-19 related restrictions impact on the depth and breadth of social interactions that young infants experience in the first six months of life and (iii) parental mental health and social interaction experiences mediate physical, social and cognitive development in infants.
The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of COVID-19 on expectant and new parents and their infants across the UK so that we can 1) develop an evidence base for future policy to support the adjustment of families in this current crisis and in future public health emergencies, 2) identify those most vulnerable in ‘generation COVID’ who may benefit from early intervention and 3) increase participation, and insight into the experience, of underrepresented regional/socio-economic and ethnic groups across the UK
COVID-19 in the Context of Pregnancy, Infancy & Parenting
No full textOur first 1000 days (from conception to two years of age) are a critical window of vulnerability from exposure to stress, socio-economic and health challenges. While the national lockdown saved lives, secondary consequences may impart an acute and potentially enduring influence - on the economic and psychological adjustment of parents, early parent-child interactions and physical growth and cognitive development of infants – well beyond the current crisis. Through a national online web-based questionnaire, we will further our understanding of how (i) access and attitudes towards social, medical and financial support during the COVID-19 pandemic associate with parental stress, anxiety and depression; (ii) COVID-19 related restrictions impact on the depth and breadth of social interactions that young infants experience in the first six months of life and (iii) parental mental health and social interaction experiences mediate physical, social and cognitive development in infants.
The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of COVID-19 on expectant and new parents and their infants across the UK so that we can 1) develop an evidence base for future policy to support the adjustment of families in this current crisis and in future public health emergencies, 2) identify those most vulnerable in ‘generation COVID’ who may benefit from early intervention and 3) increase participation, and insight into the experience, of underrepresented regional/socio-economic and ethnic groups across the UK
