1,730,981 research outputs found
The results of Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (WLW) model for long-term global and event-specific outcomes.
No full textThe results of Wei-Lin-Weissfeld (WLW) model for long-term global and event-specific outcomes.</p
Predicting transmissibility of car seats from seat impedance and the apparent mass of the human body
No full textMany researchers have considered using a linear mathematical model to represent the seated body apparent mass, but researchers have not considered whether this model can represent the body apparent mass in a wide range of vibration environments. It has been reported that the body apparent mass is affected by sitting posture, footrests, vibration magnitude, vibration spectra and backrests, but some factors have not been investigated. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of seat cushion inclination, hard and soft seats, seat backrests and vibration spectra on measured apparent mass. In each experiment, ten subjects were exposed to 60 seconds of random vibration with a frequency range from 0.5 to 25 Hz. The conclusions were: (i) the effects of seat inclination, hard and soft seat and vibration spectra on body apparent mass are not great and so a simple seated body mathematical model is useful, (ii) the seat backrest has a significant influence on apparent mass so the model parameters must be varied for different backrest conditions, (iii) a change of vibration magnitude revealed a non-linear response of the body, so model modifications are needed for different vibration magnitudes. Four linear models were developed to predict body apparent mass and encouraging results were obtained from two models.A seat-person model was developed based on the above studies. Three experiments were conducted to compare measured and predicted seat transmissibilities. Eight subjects participated in a laboratory study with a seat and a foam over the frequency range from 1 to 30 Hz; six subjects participated in a field study with three car seats over the frequency range from 1 to 50 Hz. It was found that the seat-person model provided good predictions of seat transmissibilities. However a new model, which includes interaction between the seat backrest and the person, should provide improved predictions of seat transmissibility.</p
sj-pdf-1-jmx-10.1177_00222429231177627 - Supplemental material for Scientific Evidence Production and Specialty Drug Diffusion
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jmx-10.1177_00222429231177627 for Scientific Evidence Production and Specialty Drug Diffusion by Demetrios Vakratsas and Wei-Lin Wang in Journal of Marketing</p
Replication Data for: Crown ether enabled enhancement of ionic–electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS
No full textPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have proven to be one of the most versatile platforms for various applications including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing and soft robotics. The use of PEDOT:PSS for OECTs originates from its ample mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, which in turn depends on the microscale phase separation and morphology of the polymer. Thus, modulation of the microstructure of PEDOT:PSS film enables us to tune the operation and device characteristics of the resulting OECT. Herein we report enhanced transconductance (20 mS), fast switching (32 µs) and stable operation (10000 cycles) of modified PEDOT:PSS based OECTs using 15-crown-5 as an additive. Four probe measurements reveal an increased electronic conductivity of the modified PEDOT:PSS film (~450 Scm-1) while tapping mode atomic force microscopy shows an increased phase separation. Further detailed characterizations using spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS) provide insight into the microstructural changes brought about by the crown ether additive that result in the desirable characteristics of the modified PEDOT:PSS film
Replication Data for: Slot-die coated methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells with 18% efficiency
No full textOne of the major bottlenecks of perovskite photovoltaic modules fabrication is the homogeneous deposition of perovskite material on large-area substrates. Here, we show that slot-die coating technique combined with synergistic gas quenching and substrate heating can produce compact, homogenous and reproducible Cs0.16FA0.84Pb(I0·88Br0.12)3 perovskite films. We demonstrate the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in a planar (n-i-p) device configuration and attain power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18% over 0.09 cm2 device active area. The versatility of this crystallization strategy, which eliminates the need for complex solvents or additive engineering, was studied using planar SnO2- and TiO2-coated FTO substrates. Our study provides greater insights into achieving controlled coating and homogeneous crystallization of perovskite films over large-area substrates (~10 × 10 cm2) necessary for the commercialization of this technology
sj-dta-1-jas-10.1177_00219096221137675 – Supplemental material for Party Identification, Ambivalence, and the Issue of Vaccine Procurement in Taiwan
No full textSupplemental material, sj-dta-1-jas-10.1177_00219096221137675 for Party Identification, Ambivalence, and the Issue of Vaccine Procurement in Taiwan by Alex Min-Wei Lin and Chung-li Wu in Journal of Asian and African Studies</p
Spectrometric study of condensed phase species of thorium and palladium-based modifiers in a complex matrix for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
No full textThe chemical and morphological transformations of condensed phase species of a thorium-based modifier were studied over the temperature range 200–2500 °C, without and with the presence of aluminium and silicon as matrix components, and in some instances, arsenic as an analyte element. A similar study was also conducted with palladium as the modifier, for comparison. Results were derived using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive (ED) X-ray spectrometry, Raman microanalysis and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Comparable results were found using pyrolytic and non-pyrolytic graphite platforms, with processes occurring at slightly higher temperatures on the pyrolytic graphite platform. With thorium as the modifier, metal oxides were the predominant species on the platform surface at relatively low temperatures (<1500 °C), whereas metal phases became prevalent at high temperatures, when thorium and aluminium tended to behave independently from one other. Some spatial variations in the composition of the salt residues on different regions of the platform were observed (from the region closest to the slot in the tube, to the region furthest from the slot). Nonetheless, thorium metal remained on the graphite platform to higher temperatures than did aluminium metal. In the presence of arsenic, the existence of mixtures of thorium and arsenic oxides, just before the appearance temperature of gas phase arsenic atoms, was confirmed by SEM studies, ED X-ray spectra and Raman microanalysis. This suggests that any modifying effect of thorium on arsenic occurs while the modifier is in the oxide phase rather than in the metal phase. The presence of silicon added as silica, did not influence significantly the thermochemical behaviour of mixtures of thorium and aluminium. However, coexistence of silicon and arsenic oxides at the appearance temperature of the atomic absorption signal of arsenic was obtained, confirming that silicon can act as an internal modifier for arsenic. In the presence of palladium, aluminium exhibited greater interaction with the modifier; consequently, aluminium metal was retained on the platform surface to higher temperatures than thorium, which could explain how interference effects of aluminium on e.g. arsenic are avoided or reduced. Similarly, there was evidence for interaction of palladium and arsenic in the reduced state. However, when aluminium and silicon were present, the transformation of the palladium oxide to the metallic state was affected, which could diminish the modifying benefits of palladium for arsenic in the presence of aluminium
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