885 research outputs found
Table_1_Genome Sequencing of Rahnella victoriana JZ-GX1 Provides New Insights Into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promotion.DOCX
No full textGenomic information for bacteria within the genus Rahnella remains limited. Rahnella sp. JZ-GX1 was previously isolated from the Pinus massoniana rhizosphere in China and shows potential as a plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterium. In the present work, we combined the GridION Nanopore ONT and Illumina sequencing platforms to obtain the complete genome sequence of strain JZ-GX1, and the application effects of the strain in natural field environment was assessed. The whole genome of Rahnella sp. JZ-GX1 comprised a single circular chromosome (5,472,828 bp, G + C content of 53.53%) with 4,483 protein-coding sequences, 22 rRNAs, and 77 tRNAs. Based on whole genome phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis, the JZ-GX1 strain was reidentified as R. victoriana. Genes related to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophores, acetoin, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, spermidine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biosynthesis were present in the genome of strain JZ-GX1. In addition, these functions were also confirmed by in vitro experiments. Importantly, compared to uninoculated control plants, Pyrus serotina, Malus spectabilis, Populus euramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. “San Martino” (I-72 poplar) and Pinus elliottii plants inoculated with strain JZ-GX1 showed increased heights and ground diameters. These findings improve our understanding of R. victoriana JZ-GX1 as a potential biofertilizer in agriculture.</p
Enhanced Iron Uptake in Plants by Volatile Emissions of Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1
No full text<jats:p>Iron deficiency in soil has crucially restricted agricultural and forestry production. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by beneficial microorganisms have been proven to play an important role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We investigated the effects of VOCs released by the rhizobacterium <jats:italic>Rahnella aquatilis</jats:italic> JZ-GX1 on the growth and root parameters of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> under iron deficiency. The effect of the rhizobacterial VOCs on the gene expression in iron uptake and hormone signaling pathways were detected by RT-qPCR. Finally, the VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain that could promote plant growth under iron deficiency stress were screened. The results showed that the JZ-GX1 strain could induce <jats:italic>A. thaliana</jats:italic> tolerance to iron deficiency stress by promoting the development of lateral roots and root hairs and increasing the activities of H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ATPase and Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> reductase. In addition, the <jats:italic>AHA2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FRO2</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>IRT1</jats:italic> genes of <jats:italic>A. thaliana</jats:italic> exposed to JZ-GX1-emitted VOCs were upregulated 25-, 1. 81-, and 1.35-fold, respectively, and expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis gene <jats:italic>NCED3</jats:italic> was upregulated on both the 3rd and 5th days. Organic compounds were analyzed in the headspace of JZ-GX1 cultures, 2-undecanone and 3-methyl-1-butanol were found to promote <jats:italic>Medicago sativa</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. thaliana</jats:italic> growth under iron-limited conditions. These results demonstrated that the VOCs of <jats:italic>R. aquatilis</jats:italic> JZ-GX1 have good potential in promoting iron absorption in plants.</jats:p>
Phytase-Producing <i>Rahnella aquatilis</i> JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)
No full textPhytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1, the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future
Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Alleviate Salt Stress in Cinnamomum camphora by Regulating Oxidative Metabolism and Ion Homeostasis
No full textSalt stress is an environmental stress that severely limits plant growth, development and productivity. The use of symbiotic relationships with beneficial microorganisms provides an efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly preventative method. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 is a moderately salinophilic strain with good probiotic properties, although its ability to improve woody plant salt tolerance has not been reported. In this study, the effect of JZ-GX1 on Cinnamomum camphora under different salt concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) was investigated to reveal the mechanism by which JZ-GX1 improves salt tolerance in C. camphora. The results showed that JZ-GX1 promoted plant growth and root development. The relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production of inoculated C. camphora plants were reduced by 37.38% and 21.90%, respectively, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves was enhanced by 321.57% under a 100 mM NaCl treatment. It was observed by transmission electron microscopy that under 100 mM salt concentration conditions, the inoculated C. camphora leaf cells showed a significant reduction in plasma membrane–cell wall separation and intact chloroplast structures, with tightly packed thylakoids. Importantly, inoculation reduced Na+ accumulation and promoted K+ accumulation in the seedlings, and these changes were consistent with the upregulated expression of the K+ channel SKOR and the vesicular membrane (Na+, K+)/H+ reverse cotransporter NHX1 in the plant roots. This study revealed the mechanism of the Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 enhancing salt tolerance of C. camphora
PNPG shows global effects on cell growth cycle, motility machinery and quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens
No full textData_Sheet_1_Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 alleviates iron deficiency chlorosis in Cinnamomum camphora by secreting desferrioxamine and reshaping the soil fungal community.DOCX
No full textPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are important for improving plant iron nutrition, but the interactions among inoculants, host plants and soil microorganisms have not been greatly explored. Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 was applied to treat the increasingly serious iron deficiency chlorosis in Cinnamomum camphora, and the resulting improvement in chlorosis was determined by assessing the contents of chlorophyll, active iron, Fe2+ and antioxidant enzymes in leaves, the effects on the soil microbial community and the metabolism in the rhizosphere by high-throughput sequencing techniques and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that inoculation with JZ-GX1 significantly increased the chlorophyll content of C. camphora, which promoted the redistribution of active iron in roots and leaves, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and thus reduced membrane damage in iron-deficient C. camphora caused by reactive oxygen species. According to genome prediction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis, the JZ-GX1 strain could secrete desferrioxamine (DFO), and the concentration of DFO in C. camphora rhizosphere was 21-fold higher than that in uninoculated soil. The exogenous application of DFO increased the SPAD and Fe2+ contents in leaves. In addition, the inoculant affected the fungal community structure and composition in the C. camphora rhizosphere soil and increased the abundances of specific taxa, such as Glomus, Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicillium. Therefore, R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 application promoted iron absorption in C. camphora trees by secreting DFO and alleviated iron deficiency chlorosis through interactions with the local fungal community.</p
Why Torture?
Full text linkI develop a framework to account for torture, which I argue should be understood with reference to international relations. I show that torture is intended as a tool to ensure the security, stability and legitimacy of elites, often transnationally, but there is often a disjuncture between its intended and actual outcomes. Despite dominant claims that torture is used to defeat security threats, most torture is intended to deter political opposition and secure legitimacy for elites. I conclude that torture should be renounced, both on moral grounds, and because it is not necessary for the functions it is intended to serve
Spatiotemporal Impacts of Climate, Land Cover Change and Direct Human Activities on Runoff Variations in the Wei River Basin, China
No full textPrevious studies that quantified variations in runoff have mainly focused on the combined impacts of climate and human activities or climate and land cover change. Few have separated land cover change from human activities, which is critical for effective management of water resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of changing environmental conditions on runoff using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model; we examined three categories: climate, land cover change and direct human activities. The study area was the Wei River Basin, a typical arid to semi-arid basin that was divided into five sub-zones (UZ, MZ, DZ, JZ and BZ). Our results showed the following: (1) the calibrated SWAT model produced satisfactory monthly flow processes over the baseline period from 1978 to 1986; (2) compared to the baseline period, the impact of climatic variations decreased and the impact of direct human activities increased from the 1990s to the 2000s, while the impact of land cover change was generally stable; and (3) climatic variations were the main cause of runoff declines over the entire basin during the 1990s and in the UZ, MZ and JZ areas during the 2000s, while direct human activities were most important in the DZ and BZ areas during the 2000s
Austria's and Sweden's accession to the European Community : a comparative neo-Gramscian case study of European integration
Full text linkSince the 1 January 1995, Austria and Sweden have been members of the European
Community (EC). This thesis analyses why the two countries joined the EC at a
moment, when the latter's development towards a neo-liberal economic policy
embodied in the Internal Market and the convergence criteria of the Economic and
Monetary Union endangered their traditional Keynesian economic policy making and
when the steps towards a Common Foreign and Security Policy threatened Austria's and
Sweden's policies of neutrality.
It is argued that the process leading to application and then the struggle around
the referenda on membership in Austria and Sweden have to analysed against the
background of globalisation, a structural change experienced since the early 1970s and
characterised by the transnationalisation of production and finance and a shift from
Keynesianism to neo-liberalism. Established theories of integration, which take existing
power structures as given, are unable to explain instances of structural change.
Consequently, a critical theory derived from neo-Gramscianism is developed as an
alternative for the investigation of Austria's and Sweden's accession to the EC. Most
importantly, its focus on social forces, engendered by the production process, allows the
approach to conceptualise globalisation.
Applied to the Austrian and Swedish case, it is established that alliances of
internationally-oriented and transnational social forces of capital and labour
respectively, supported by those institutions linked to the global economy such as the
Finance Ministries, were behind the drive towards membership in the neo-liberal EC.
While they succeeded in their undertaking, the forces opposed to the EC and neoliberalism
should not be underestimated. Nationally-oriented labour and capital in
Austria and labour mainly from the public sector in Sweden together with the Green
Parties in both countries may well mount a successful challenge in the future. Changes
in the international structure, although not of primary importance, implied that neutrality
was no big obstacle to EC membership in the late 1980s/early 1990s. Gorbachev's
liberal foreign policy and a general decline in the power of the Soviet Union in the case
of Austria and the end of the Cold War in the case of Sweden allowed the pro-EC forces
in both countries to redefine neutrality in a way that made it compatible with
membership
Yi wei guang ge zi zhong Feimi xing yuan zi hun he wu ji tai xing wei de Bose hua yan jiu
No full textLu, Wenlong = 一维光格子中费米型原子混合物基态行为的玻色化研究 / 魯文龙.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).Abstract also in Chinese.Lu, Wenlong = Yi wei guang ge zi zhong Feimi xing yuan zi hun he wu ji tai xing wei de Bose hua yan jiu / Lu Wenlong.Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Cold-atom systems --- p.1Chapter 1.1.1 --- Optical lattices --- p.2Chapter 1.1.2 --- Feshbach resonance --- p.3Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the thesis --- p.6Chapter 2 --- Bosonization method --- p.8Chapter 2.1 --- Special property of one-dimensional Fermion system --- p.9Chapter 2.2 --- Bosonization techniques --- p.13Chapter 2.2.1 --- Density operators as bosonic fields --- p.14Chapter 2.2.2 --- Bosonization Identities --- p.17Chapter 2.3 --- Renormalization analysis for Sine-Gordon field --- p.19Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.25Chapter 3 --- Mass imbalance in the spin polarized fermion system --- p.26Chapter 3.1 --- Kinetic term --- p.29Chapter 3.2 --- Interaction term --- p.32Chapter 3.3 --- Phase separation --- p.38Chapter 3.4 --- Dominant order and pairing behavior --- p.47Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.49Chapter 4 --- Mass imbalance in the strong repulsive interaction region --- p.50Chapter 4.1 --- Effective Hamiltonian at large U limit --- p.50Chapter 4.2 --- Bosonization of t-J-Jz model --- p.54Chapter 4.3 --- Phase separation --- p.60Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.67Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.68Bibliography --- p.70Chapter A --- Proofs of Bosonization --- p.73Chapter A.1 --- Anti-commutation relations between two branches of fermionic field operators --- p.73Chapter A.2 --- Bosonization-identities checking --- p.74Chapter B --- Diagonalization of Quadratic Hamiltonian with Two Bosonic Fields --- p.77Chapter C --- Correlation functions --- p.8
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