17,165 research outputs found
Semliki Forest virus induced, immune mediated demyelination: the effect of irradiation
No full textIntraperitoneal infection with the avirulent A7(74) strain of the alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) induces an immune mediated demyelinating encephalomyelitis. The blood and brain virus titres, the serum antibody titres and the histopathological changes in the brains of normal mice and mice immunosuppressed with 5.0 or 8.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBX) were determined. SFV infection of immunosuppressed mice resulted in persistently high blood and brain virus titres, neuronal pycnosis, paralysis and death. No demyelination or central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response occurred in these immunosuppressed mice despite high and persistent brain virus titres. The CNS inflammatory response and associated demyelination could be restored to infected immunosuppressed mice by adoptive transfer of spleen cells, and these changes were brought forward if the donor spleen cells were from mice previously sensitized to SFV. The results indicate that the immune response following SFV A7(74) infection is both protective and pathogenic, and that the demyelination is immune mediated and does not result from direct viral destruction of oligodendrocytes, or any other direct effect of the virus
GWU Alumnus Shares How God Brought Him Through Life-Threatening Stroke
No full textOn the night of his 28th birthday in 2017, Felix Bautista, of Salisbury, N.C., suffered a stroke that usually occurs in patients who are 65 or older with a history of hypertension. Because of the damage to his brain, doctors gave the 2011 alumnus of Gardner-Webb University less than a 20 percent chance of survival. They told his wife, Holly Hamm Bautista, also a 2011 GWU alumna, that if he did survive, he would be brain dead.
Youtube: The Felix Bautista Story - Novant Healthhttps://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/gardner-webb-newscenter-archive/1115/thumbnail.jp
EEG KISS: Shared Multi-modal, Multi Brain Computer Interface Experience, in Public Space
No full textCan shared intimate experience of social touch be mediated through multi-brain-computer interface (Multi-brain BCI) interaction in public space? Two artistic EEG KISS orchestrations, both multi-modal, multi-brain BCIs, are shown to create novel shared experiences of social touch in public space. These orchestrations purposefully disrupt and translate known forms of face-to-face connection and sound, to re-orchestrate unfamiliar sensory syntheses of seeing, hearing, touching and moving, connected to data-visualization and audification of brain activity. The familiar sensory relations between ‘who you kiss and who is being kissed, what you see and what you hear’ are captured in a model of digital synaesthetics in multi-modal multi brain BCI interaction for social touch. This model links hosted self-disclosure, witnessing, dialogue and reflection to intimate experience in public space through syntheses of the senses. As such, this model facilitates the design of new shared intimate experiences of multi modal multi brain BCI interaction through social touch in public space.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.System Engineerin
Acute Ethanol Administration Rapidly Increases Phosphorylation of Conventional Protein Kinase C in Specific Mammalian Brain Regions in Vivo
No full textBackground
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of isoenzymes that regulate a variety of functions in the central nervous system including neurotransmitter release, ion channel activity, and cell differentiation. Growing evidence suggests that specific isoforms of PKC influence a variety of behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of ethanol in mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute ethanol exposure alters phosphorylation of conventional PKC isoforms at a threonine 674 (p-cPKC) site in the hydrophobic domain of the kinase, which is required for its catalytic activity.
Methods
Male rats were administered a dose range of ethanol (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg, intragastric) and brain tissue was removed 10 minutes later for evaluation of changes in p-cPKC expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.
Results
Immunohistochemical data show that the highest dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) rapidly increases p-cPKC immunoreactivity specifically in the nucleus accumbens (core and shell), lateral septum, and hippocampus (CA3 and dentate gyrus). Western blot analysis further showed that ethanol (2 g/kg) increased p-cPKC expression in the P2 membrane fraction of tissue from the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Although p-cPKC was expressed in numerous other brain regions, including the caudate nucleus, amygdala, and cortex, no changes were observed in response to acute ethanol. Total PKC? immunoreactivity was surveyed throughout the brain and showed no change following acute ethanol injection
GWU Classes Developed Alumna’s Skills as a Mathematician and Educator
No full textWorking algebraic equations intimidates some students, but Chasity McCraw, a 2017 alumna of Gardner-Webb University, teaches that math is nothing to fear. McCraw was a teenager when she learned how to solve for x and y. “As soon as I saw the challenges and the giant puzzle that is mathematics, I knew I wanted to share my excitement for the subject,” reflected McCraw, who lives in Shelby, N.C. “Seeing some people dislike and dismiss math as being ‘too hard’ or requiring a ‘math brain’ only fueled my passion. My goal became to show that mathematics is approachable to everyone.”https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/gardner-webb-newscenter-archive/1448/thumbnail.jp
Brain death and death of human individual
No full textThe revised Organ Transplant Law of Japan, enforced from July, 2010, has made "brain death", as well as "cardiac death", death of human individual and procurement of an organ from a brain dead body is now possible by a surviving family's consent. However, brain death issue is a still serious topic, and arguments are going around on whether it is morally justifiable to accept brain death, and if so, in what sense. The author argues that death of human being occurs when "vital triangle," consisted of brain, heart and lung, is severed out
Measurement of brain volume using MRI:software, techniques, choices and prerequisites
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits in vivo quantification of brain compartment volume, and has many applications in cognitive, clinical and comparative neuroscience. There are numerous approaches for obtaining a brain volume estimate from MRI, and the primary focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the methods available to estimate the volume of three brain tructures that are of particular interest in the neurosciences: the cerebral hemispheres, hippocampus and Broca’s area. We provide information on choice of computer software, hardware compatibility, required user expertise, the application of manual and automated MR image analysis techniques, and anatomical guidelines, providing the reader with enough information to decide on their approach at the outset of a quantitative MRI study. We advocate the use of stereology in conjunction with point counting for an unbiased and time efficient estimate of brain compartment volume
Transmission of facial expressions of emotion co-evolved with their efficient decoding in the brain: behavioral and brain evidence
No full textCompetent social organisms will read the social signals of their peers. In primates, the face has evolved to transmit the organism's internal emotional state. Adaptive action suggests that the brain of the receiver has co-evolved to efficiently decode expression signals. Here, we review and integrate the evidence for this hypothesis. With a computational approach, we co-examined facial expressions as signals for data transmission and the brain as receiver and decoder of these signals. First, we show in a model observer that facial expressions form a lowly correlated signal set. Second, using time-resolved EEG data, we show how the brain uses spatial frequency information impinging on the retina to decorrelate expression categories. Between 140 to 200 ms following stimulus onset, independently in the left and right hemispheres, an information processing mechanism starts locally with encoding the eye, irrespective of expression, followed by a zooming out to processing the entire face, followed by a zooming back in to diagnostic features (e.g. the opened eyes in "fear", the mouth in "happy"). A model categorizer demonstrates that at 200 ms, the left and right brain have represented enough information to predict behavioral categorization performance
Finding and recognising objects in natural scenes: complementary computations in the dorsal and ventral visual systems
No full textSearching for and recognising objects in complex natural scenes is implemented by multiple saccades until the eyes reach within the reduced receptive field sizes of inferior temporal cortex (IT) neurons. We analyse and model how the dorsal and ventral visual streams both contribute to this. Saliency detection in the dorsal visual system including area LIP is modelled by graph-based visual saliency, and allows the eyes to fixate potential objects within several degrees. Visual information at the fixated location subtending approximately 9 degrees corresponding to the receptive fields of IT neurons is then passed through a four layer hierarchical model of the ventral cortical visual system, VisNet. We show that VisNet can be trained using a synaptic modification rule with a short-term memory trace of recent neuronal activity to capture both the required view and translation invariances to allow in the model approximately 90% correct object recognition for 4 objects shown in any view across a range of 135 degrees anywhere in a scene.The model was able to generalize correctly within the four trained views and the 25 trained translations.This approach analyses the principles by which complementary computations in the dorsal and ventral visual cortical streams enable objects to be located and recognised in complex natural scenes
FBI Special Agent Tracks Down Criminals Using Analytical Accounting Skills
No full textIn training to be an accountant, Jacqueline D. Lyon (’93) of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., learned how to keep track of every penny. Those same analytical skills help her uncover clues and track down criminals as a special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). “My brain is wired differently. I question things,” Lyon explained. “If you can’t find it here, you have to go look somewhere else.”https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/gardner-webb-newscenter-archive/1756/thumbnail.jp
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