592 research outputs found
Fibre four-wave mixing induced by optical amplification in a 16 channel coherent system
No full textIn optical frequency division multiplexed systems, the nonlinear interaction between signal channels may set the ultimate limit on the allowable channel spacing, total number of channels, and maximum power per channel. The four-wave mixing (FWM) crosstalk in semiconductor amplifiers has been shown to cause a sensitivity degradation when the channel spacing is a few hundred megahertz. In contrast, when fiber amplifiers are used, nonlinear interactions have been considered negligible because of the long fluorescence time constant. However, we recently found that for a fiber amplifier with a saturation power in the 5-10-mW range, the transmission fiber following the amplifier can cause FWM crosstalk. Fiber FWM may also be observed without an amplifier if a wavelength selective coupler is used to combine the laser outputs with no splitting loss
The effect of four-wave mixing in fibers on optical frequency-division multiplexed systems
No full textThe optical nonlinearity in a single-mode fiber imposes a fundamental limitation on the capacity of optical frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) systems. In particular, four-wave mixing (FWM) crosstalk may severely degrade the system performance when the fiber input powers are large and/or the channel spacing is too small. Theoretical and experimental results of the effects of FWM in OFDM systems are presented The theoretical results demonstrate the dependence of FWM on various systems parameters. Also included is an analysis of FWM in both unidirectional and bidirectional transmission systems. The receiver sensitivity degradation from FWM crosstalk was measured in a 16-channel coherent system. A sensitivity penalty of 0.4 dB resulted when a signal power of -3 dBm/channel was transmitted through 12 km of dispersion-shifted fiber
Fibre four-wave mixing in multi-channel coherent systems
No full textThe crosstalk degradation due to four-wave mixing (FWM) in fiber is studied in a 155Mb/s, 16 channel coherent system with the signal powers amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. When a total power of +8.4dBm (0.46mW/channel) is launched into the fiber, the crosstalk degradation is 0.4dB. A theoretical study indicates the EWM dependence on fiber chromatic dispersion, the total number of channels, and the signal power levels and polarization states
W.I Convene a Workshop
No full textNewspaper Article - For Conveners & Executive - 'W.I Convene A Workshop'AWI CollectionFor Conveners & Executive •
W. I Convene
The Gray Nun Regional Centre was the
home for approximately fifty members of the
Alberta Women's Institute Executive,
Directors and the Constituency Conveners
from January 20th - 23rd inclusive. The
Workshop was an extensive study of the
factions that will enable our members to do
their best in their communities. Norma
Farquharson, the keynote speaker gave a
seminar on ' Communicating Assertively' to
all those convenors and anyone who joined
for the afternoon. Aileen Kritzinger, an
A. W. I, member, gave an enlightening class
on ' Writing a Resolution'. This also included
the parlimentary procedure in presenting
resolutions. Shirley Myers, Head of Home
Economics Branch, Alberta Agriculture,
A Workshop
/ fit 1
told the ladies of how their department can
always be of assistance in their branch
meetings, handicraft judging and as an
information bureau. ' Effective Speaking' by
Sharon Bazant of St. Albert was a highlight.
It does not matter when we speak, but it
taught us how to always be ready to meet the
challenge. The Provincial Education
Conveners of the A. W. I. presented their goals
and accomplisments in a panel.
These workshops are held once a year for
the executive and conveners, but their
expenses were paid through a grant from the
Wild Rose Foundation this time
Congratulations Echo Hill W.I.
No full textNewspaper Article - 'Congratulations Echo Hill W.I.' An Alberta Women's Institute has taken second place in a Canada-wide traffic safety competition.Congratulations
Echo Hill W. I.
An Alberta Women's Institute has taken
second place in a Canada- wide traffic
safety competition, Bill Perkins, farm
safety director for the Alberta Safety
Council announced recently.
The winning group is the Echo Hill
Women's Institute and the prize is the
Carol Lane Award worth ? 500. The annual
contest among Canadian women's
groups is administered by the Canadian
Highway Safety Council through a grant
from the Shell Oil Company, Limited.
The prize winning project of the Echo
Hill group involved mounting red reflective
tape on 396 pieces of district
farm machinery. Echo Hill is the Busby-
Picardville area northwest of Edmonton.
The campaign was undertaken when the
W. I. became concerned over frequent
reports of accidents and near- accidents
involving heavy farm machinery travelling
district roads at night. Fourteen
W. I. members and 11 4- H members attached
the tape to machinery on 73
farms. The material was purchased with
W. I. funds from the Alberta Safety
Council.
On the W. I's safety committee are
Mrs. Lloyd McMillan, Mrs. William Price
and Mrs. Sam Yeomans.
The Carol Lane Awards have been
established, Mr. Perkins said, " to recognize,
foster and reward women's
achievements toward the preservation
of lives through traffic safety pregrams
their community, province or nation."
They are named in honor of the worn-
' s travel director of Shell Oil and are!
given to the three women's groups
which " have developed and directed the"
most effective traffic safety programs
during the previous year."
Other winners for 1959 were the
Toronto Junior League, first prize; and
the Montreal West End Safety Council
Towards a grounded theory of computer-assisted assessment uptake in UK universities
No full textUniversities are under pressure to justify the time and expense expended by students in obtaining a degree which has stimulated interest in measuring more formally how learning outcomes have been met by students. The 1997 NCHE (Dearing) Report called for improvements in higher education (HE) assessment practice and while assessment is widely regarded as the critical catalyst for student learning it is often in practice relegated to an afterthought. The potential for information and communications technology (ICT) to automate aspects of learning and teaching is widely acknowledged although promised productivity benefits have been slow to appear. Computer-assisted assessment (CAA) is seen by many as one way of meeting these conflicting demands. CAA has considerable potential both to ease the assessment load and to provide innovative and powerful modes of assessment. Moreover, as the use of ICT increases there may be ‘inherent difficulties in teaching and learning online and assessing on paper’. Given the importance of assessment activities in higher education, the level of current interest in CAA and widespread disagreement about how it should be implemented, there is a clear need for rigorous, grounded models of good practice. A national survey of CAA practice was conducted using online tools and interviews with enthusiast and early adopting CAA experts and practitioners throughout the UK which explored the critical factors associated with the uptake and embedding of CAA. A grounded theory analysis of the interview and survey data was carried out and a theory of dual path CAA uptake in universities emerged from which three models of uptake were derived. These were validated against qualitative data obtained from a final set of interviews and by triangulation with survey data from the 2003/4 UK CAA survey. Tutors’ motivations and perceptions of risk influence the way they use CAA and this is significant in credit-bearing applications where non-optimal outcomes have long lasting effects on uptake. Institutions can benefit from using project risk management techniques to manage these risks
A Husband's Impression of the W.I. Day
No full textNewspaper Article - 'A Husband's Impression Of The W.I. Day' by Gordon Nielson - Home and CountryHOME and COUNTRY
GORDON NIELSON
Ferentosh West W. I.
A Husband's Impression
Of The W. I. Day
The W. I. did meet today,
To plan their work and make it pay.
Before • it starts there's lots of talk
Of weather and frost and lack of crop.
And also the sale was out of luck
For now it's harder to make a buck.
The price of beef is out of line,
And the price of pigs is on a decline.
Thess discussed, they decided to meet.
In the hostess's front room, which is clean arid
neat.
The lounge and the chairs are carefully
brushed
To fool those keen eyes that are looking .
dust.
" O Canada" first, and then comes the creed,
Their corsets are loosened and their voices
are freed.
The babble arises; they all talk at once,
Try figuring it out, you'll feel like- a dunce.
Reports are read out with a semblance of
order,
" Oh, I must go home and feed our poor
boarder."
So the meeting is closed, and then the whole
bunch
Sit gracefully around awaiting their lunch.
When the last car is gone and you've heard
the last shout,
The hostess relaxes, falls flat on the couch.
Those ladies are lovely, each one is a dear;
But thank the good Lord they come just once
a year
Rosewillow W.I. disbands after 74 years
No full textNewspaper Article - 'Rosewillow W.I. disbands after 74 years'. December 14, 1999AWI CollectionThe small membership
of seven ladies have decided
it is time to dissolve their
branch, as of December 14,
1999.
Rosewillow Womens'
Institute was formed
November 26, 1925,
making it 74 years since its
inception. No charter
members are living today,
but Mrs. Alice Avison has
been with the branch since
December 5, 1935.
Constituency Convener,
Mrs. Hazel Miskew,
attended the final meeting
of this willing branch.
Since this was also a
Christmas Party, the
meeting opened with carol
singing and the Creed. The
song sheets were yellow
with age and parched around
the edges.
A cabinet has been
erected in the Wainwright
Museum to hold the W. I.
memorabilia and the minute
books. Visitors will be able
to view the artifacts. Tables
and benches from the old
Sligo School, north- east of
Wainwright, are being
donated to the Museum for
c o n c e s s i o n use.
Rosewillow ladies held
their summer meetings in
this school house, until it
became too derelict.
Final procedures are
being made to pay all dues;
with local charities to
benefit from the disposition
of monies that may be left.
As an annual treat to
the residents, these ladies
have baked many packages
of cookies to take to the
Auxiliary Hospital and the
Wainwright Seniors Lodge.
Many years ago, there
were a Wainwright
Womens' Institute, as well
as, a Gilt Edge
former members
available
W.I. Corner - Tragedy Turns to Success
No full textNewspaper Article - W.I. Corner - 'Tragedy Turns to Success'AWI CollectionW. I. C O R N ER
T r a g e d y T u r ns
t o S u c c e ss
When Adelaide Hoodless, Stoney
Creek, Ontario lost her 18 month old
baby from drinking contaminated
milk, she turned personal grief into a
campaign for training in homemak-ing.
She succeeded in getting household
science into the public schools of
her home city but this did not reach
the wives and mothers who were already
out of school and in homes of
their own.
Mrs. Hoodless felt if men needed
an organization, i. e. " Farmers Institute"
to help them grow better crops
and produce better livestock, it would
be equally beneficial to have an institute
for women.
In 1897, the first Women's Institute
was realized. The main objective
of the organization was to raise the
standard of homemaking. Through
this organization the members hoped
to improve the skills of homemakers
on a physical, intellecutual and cultural
level. The motto, " For Home
and Country" was adopted and is
used today by thousands of Women's
Institutes in many countries.
From this beginning, the institute
idea spread rapidly from coast to
coast in Canada and was formed into
a national organization, The " Federated
Women's Institute of Canada" in
1919.
Mrs. Hoodless had been instrumental
in starting the first public
school classes in household science in
Ontario ( the first in Canada) and
began a campaign for government
support to give university training in
Home Economics.
She continued her work for
women. She enlisted the support of
Sir William MacDonald, founder of
the MacDonald movement to improve
rural life, and financial supporter MacDonald Institute ( 1903) and
MacDonald Hall ( 1904). It is interesting
to note that Sir William
MacDonald, a native of Prince Edward
Island, was one of Mrs. Hoodless'
greatest supporters.
Thanks to the efforts of Adelaide
Hunter Hoodless, a women of vision,
who brought ideas into action, the
influence of the Women's Institute
did not stop with only a movement
that spread from sea to sea in Canada.
Similar groups were set up in
other parts of the world. Sixty years
ago they decided to come together as
one international organization - " The
Associated Women of the World"
which today represents approximately
nine million people in over 70
countries
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