955 research outputs found
Trade justice and individual consumption choices : Adam Smith's spectator theory and the moral constitution of the Fair Trade consumer
Get PDFA consistent theme of the existing literature is that fair trade consumption practices represent acts of justice. In this article I investigate such an equation from the perspective of the moral theory of Adam Smith. Smith explains the development of moral sensibilities via an imaginative act he calls `sympathy'. For Smith, justice prevails in interpersonal relationships in which the potential for one person to do harm to another is ruled out because their respective imaginations are in perfect accord, thus creating a situation of mutual sympathy. I advance two main conclusions. First, I argue that fair trade consumption is undoubtedly a moral act in the manner described by Smith, as it involves consumers responding to fair trade campaigns in order to trigger their moral sensibilities through exercising their imaginative faculties. Second, though, I argue that fair trade consumption is not specifically a moral act of justice in the manner described by Smith. The structure of fair trade invites the First World consumer to display sympathy for the Third World producer, but it provides no means for that sympathy to be reciprocated. As such, instances of genuine mutual sympathy do not arise. From a Smithian perspective, fair trade consumption practices are an act of beneficence rather than an act of justice. They thereby reside in the realm of private virtue rather than the realm of public duty, with significant implications for the way in which trade justice is conceptualized and studied in IPE
THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
Get PDFThe paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.Political Economy,
Dissolving the Chimera of the ‘Adam Smith Problem’
Get PDFIn The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith set out his influential theory that societies achieve prosperity by securing the freedom of individuals to pursue their own end by the means they choose within a framework of rules of justice. In his earlier work The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith developed his thesis about the origins of our moral sentiments and the emergence of rules of justice. The socalled ‘Adam Smith Problem’ concerns the perceived inconsistency between Smith’s defence of selfinterest in the Wealth of Nations and his emphasis of sympathy as the origin of moral sentiments in the earlier work. The existence of the ‘Adam Smith Problem’ has been contested by many writers. The present author provides a number of new arguments to demonstrate the illusory nature of the problem by revisiting the key elements Smith’s moral theory. The author argues that the problem dissolves when the role of justice in providing the conditions of free trade is understood. Smith’s tirade against wealth worship is explained as part of his defence of justice and not a condemnation of wealth accumulation. According to this reading, the Theory of Moral Sentiments is a powerful statement of the moral basis of capitalism.
'A local habitation and a name A Kristevan reading of human growth in religion, with a reference to John and Charles Wesley'
Get PDFThis study is concerned with the concept of human growth and change: it juxtaposes processes of growth and change in psychoanalytic therapy and those in a religious context. In both situations the relationship between growth and development and the idea of becoming 'good' is considered. Kleinian, Post-Kleinian and particularly Kristevan theory is used to elucidate facilitators of change in psychoanalytic therapy and in the context of Christian faith. The emphases in the theory used here differ from those of more traditional developmental theorists in the study of religion, which rely heavily on ego-psychology and self-psychology, and focus on the autonomous ego and the degree of maturity of forms of religion. By contrast, the emphases here are on the split self, on unconscious drives, phantasies and affects, and on the non-cognitive apprehension of truth. Through an examination of the lives of John and Charles Wesley, the thesis examines the possibility of growth occurring in the context of so-called 'immature’ forms of religion, the means by which this might occur, and the extent to which change is governed by an individual's mental structure and psychological defences. The Kristevan reading allows a less cognitive, 'ego-driven' study of the growth to 'goodness' than does that of the developmental theorists. It thus questions the validity of traditional classifications of forms of religion. It elicits differences between the historical subjects, which demonstrate the importance of personality factors in facilitating or hindering growth. Finally, it enables an exploration of Charles Wesley’s hymns which reveals evidence of erotic and imaginary elements, and the possibility of triadic openness in what some would see as an 'immature' form of belief. This examination also questions Kristeva's own assertion that religious symbolism cannot adequately 'sublimate' the 'abject'
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Vietnamese
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Vietnamese
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Korean
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Korean
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Chinese
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Simplified Chinese
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Arabic
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Arabic
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Persian
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Farsi
Oregon LGBTQ+ older adult survey report. Russian
No full textKaren Fredriksen Goldsen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Hailey H. Jung, Adam Davis, Charles A. Emlet.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 8, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.The research is funded by ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Russian
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