3,401 research outputs found
The synthesis of monodisperse alkanes with long chains
No full textThis thesis discusses reasons for the interest in monodisperse long chain alkanes and describes attempts, past and present, to synthesise such molecules. Chapter 1 discusses why the synthesis of such molecules are important and the objectives of this project. Chapter 2 reviews the methods previous groups have devised to prepare pure samples of long chain alkanes. In particular, work carried out by Whiting et al. at Bristol, whose scheme formed the basis of the early work in Durham. Chapter 3 describes the work in Durham and improvements which were made to Whiting's method, allowing the synthesis of longer chain lengths and greater quantities of materials to be achieved. Chapter 4 provides a summary of the practical work carried out by the author. Chapter 5 gives experimental details of the work described in Chapter 4
Microstructure Development during Solidification of Aluminium Alloys
No full textThis Thesis demonstrates studies on microstructure development during the solidification of aluminium alloys. New insights of structure development are presented here. Experimental techniques such as quenching and in-situ High-brilliance X-ray microscopy were utilized to study the microstructure evolution during solidification.Materials Science and EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Good newes from the assembly in Scotland, now sitting in consultation, concerning their ecclesiasticall government in the church [electronic resource] : exhibited to this Parliament in England, concerning this present reformation in England, with their heartie desires this ensuing treatise may be forthwith enacted, for the satisfaction of all good subjetcs here or elsewhere : from Edenbugh [sic], August 4. 1642.
No full textWing, D.G. Short-title catalogue of books printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English books printed in other countries, 1641-1700 (2nd ed. 1994),English short title catalogue,Print show-through with some loss of text.Reproduction of original in: Durham Cathedral.Electronic reproduction
Correction: Language Experience Predicts Eye Movements During Online Auditory Comprehension
No full textThis article details a correction to: James, A.N., Minnihan, C.J. and Watson, D.G., 2023. Language Experience Predicts Eye Movements During Online Auditory Comprehension. Journal of Cognition, 6(1), p.30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.28
Visual marking and change blindness : moving occluders and transient masks neutralize shape changes to ignored objects
No full textVisual search efficiency improves by presenting (previewing) one set of distractors before the target and remaining distractor items (D. G. Watson & G. W. Humphreys, 1997). Previous work has shown that this preview benefit is abolished if the old items change their shape when the new items are added (e.g., D. G. Watson & G. W. Humphreys, 2002). Here we present 5 experiments that examined whether such object changes are still effective in recapturing attention if the changes occur while the previewed objects are occluded or masked. Overall, the findings suggest that masking transients are effective in preventing both object changes and the presentation of new objects from capturing attention in time-based visual search conditions. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of change blindness, new object capture, and the ecological properties of time-based visual selection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved
Visual marking and facial affect : can an emotional face be ignored?
No full textPreviewing a set of distractors allows them to be ignored in a subsequent visual search task (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). Seven experiments investigated whether this preview benefit can be obtained with emotional faces, and whether negative and positive facial expressions differ in the extent to which they can be ignored. Experiments 1–5 examined the preview benefit with neutral, negative, and positive previewed faces. These results showed that a partial preview benefit occurs with face stimuli, but that the valence of the previewed faces has little impact. Experiments 6 and 7 examined the time course of the preview benefit with valenced faces. These showed that negative faces were more difficult to ignore than positive faces, but only at short preview durations. Furthermore, a full preview benefit was not obtained with face stimuli even when the preview duration was extended up to 3 s. The findings are discussed in terms of the processes underlying the preview benefit, their ecological sensitivity, and the role of emotional valence in attentional capture and guidance
When are abrupt onsets found efficiently in complex visual search? : evidence from multi-element asynchronous dynamic search
No full textPrevious work has found that search principles derived from simple visual search tasks do not necessarily apply to more complex search tasks. Using a Multielement Asynchronous Dynamic (MAD) visual search task, in which high numbers of stimuli could either be moving, stationary, and/or changing in luminance, Kunar and Watson (M. A Kunar & D. G. Watson, 2011, Visual search in a Multi-element Asynchronous Dynamic (MAD) world, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol 37, pp. 1017-1031) found that, unlike previous work, participants missed a higher number of targets with search for moving items worse than for static items and that there was no benefit for finding targets that showed a luminance onset. In the present research, we investigated why luminance onsets do not capture attention and whether luminance onsets can ever capture attention in MAD search. Experiment 1 investigated whether blinking stimuli, which abruptly offset for 100 ms before reonsetting-conditions known to produce attentional capture in simpler visual search tasks-captured attention in MAD search, and Experiments 2-5 investigated whether giving participants advance knowledge and preexposure to the blinking cues produced efficient search for blinking targets. Experiments 6-9 investigated whether unique luminance onsets, unique motion, or unique stationary items captured attention. The results found that luminance onsets captured attention in MAD search only when they were unique, consistent with a top-down unique feature hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Analgesics
No full textAnalgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems; they include paracetamol (para-acetylaminophenol, also known in the US as acetaminophen), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and opium. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation
Hardcoding and dynamic implementation of finite automata
No full textThe theoretical complexity of a string recognizer is linear to the length of the string being tested for acceptance. However, for some kind of strings the processing time largely depends on the number of states visited by the recognizer at run-time. Various experiments are conducted in order to compare the time efficiency of both hardcoded and table-driven algorithms when using such strings patterns. The results of the experiments are cross-compared in order to show the efficiency of the hardcoded algorithm over its table-driven counterpart. This help further the investigations on the problem of the dynamic implementation of finite automata. It is shown that we can rely on the history of the states previously visited in the dynamic framework in order to predict the suitable algorithm for acceptance testing
Stretching and jamming of finite automata
No full textIn this paper we present two transformations on automata, called stretching and jamming. These transformations will, under certain conditions, reduce the size of the transition table, and under other conditions reduce the string processing time. Given a finite automaton, we can stretch it by transforming each single transition into two or more sequential transitions, thereby introducing additional intermediate states. Jamming is the inverse transformation, in which two or more successive transitions are transformed into a single transition, thereby removing redundant intermediate states. We will present formal definitions of stretching and jamming and we will calculate theoretical bounds, when stretching/jamming is effective in terms of memory consumption
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