110 research outputs found
Estimates of distance by claudicants and vascular surgeons are inherently unreliable
No full textClaudication distance and maximum walking distance are both measures of disability. Estimates of the distances which a patient with intermittent claudication can walk are commonly used by vascular surgeons as surrogate measures of handicap. We studied how accurately distance was estimated by 70 patients with intermittent claudication, and by 100 British vascular surgeons.Patients and vascular surgeons estimated actual distances of 30 m and 34 m, respectively. Estimates were 46 m median (range 2.7–402 m) for claudicants, and 46 m median (range 15.2–186 m) for vascular surgeons, median over estimates of 52% and 34% respectively. Claudicants' errors can easily be eliminated by accurate and appropriate measurement of claudication and maximum walking distances but interpretation of the data by surgeons is dependent on their own ability to estimate distance. Flawed perceptions by patients and their surgeons of the disability of reduced walking distance illustrates the need for reliable measures of handicap on which to base therapeutic decisions in patients with intermittent claudication
Cold Storage of Deceased Donor Kidneys: Does the Solution Matter or Is the Solution Elsewhere?
No full text
Scheduling methods in liquid bulk terminals
No full textMechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringMarine & Transport Technolog
Some Properties of the Langevin Model for Dispersion
No full textThe Langevin Equation is used to describe dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The theoretical background for the equation is discussed in length and a review on previous treatments and applications is given. It is shown that the Langevin equation can describe dispersion in complex circumstances. In particular the equation is applied to dispersion in a convective boundary layer, where it reproduced the measurements accurately. Two forms of the Langevin Equation, which have both been used in practical applications, are copared and it is concluded that in terms of their theoretical properties, they are not very different in spite of important differences in practical application.Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineerin
TECHNICAL NOTE: Preoperative B Mode Ultrasound Mapping of Upper Limb Veins Prior to Vascular Access Surgery
No full textWhat is the long-term outcome for patients with very small abdominal aortic aneurysms?
No full textObjective:To determine the long-term outcome for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 4 cm in AP diameter (very small AAA).Design:Population-based screening study.Materials and methods:One hundred and forty-two patients who had AAA less than 4 cm at presentation were assessed by ultrasound at intervals of 6–12 months. The records of these patients were reviewed.Results:During the period of follow-up the median annual growth rate for aneurysms while under 3.0 cm was 1 mm, rising to 2 mm when between 3.0 and 3.9 cm, and 3 mm when between 4.0 and 4.9 cm in diameter. Elective aneurysm repair was undertaken when aneurysms exceeded the threshold value, which itself increased from 4 cm to 5.5 cm in the 9 years of follow-up. More patients died with their aneurysm (n = 35) then underwent surgery (n = 23). There was one perioperative death, and three unrelated late deaths after resection. One aneurysm ruptured in a patient who had refused follow-up 5 years previously.Conclusions:This study suggests that aneurysms less than 4.0 cm diameter are relatively benign, and questions the appropriatness of early intervention
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