181,350 research outputs found
Surveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters
No full textExposure to human pathogenic viruses in recreational waters has been shown to cause disease outbreaks. In the context of Article 14 of the revised European Bathing Waters Directive 2006/7/EC (rBWD, CEU, 2006) a Europe-wide surveillance study was carried out to determine the frequency of occurrence of two human enteric viruses in recreational waters. Adenoviruses were selected based on their near-universal shedding and environmental survival, and noroviruses (NoV) selected as being the most prevalent gastroenteritis agent worldwide. Concentration of marine and freshwater samples was done by adsorption/elution followed by molecular detection by (RT)-PCR. Out of 1410 samples, 553 (39.2%) were positive for one or more of the target viruses. Adenoviruses, detected in 36.4% of samples, were more prevalent than noroviruses (9.4%), with 3.5% GI and 6.2% GII, some samples being positive for both GI and GII. Of 513 human adenovirus-positive samples, 63 (12.3%) were also norovirus-positive, whereas 69 (7.7%) norovirus-positive samples were adenovirus-negative. More freshwater samples than marine water samples were virus-positive. Out of a small selection of samples tested for adenovirus infectivity, approximately one-quarter were positive. Sixty percent of 132 nested-PCR adenovirus-positive samples analysed by quantitative PCR gave a mean value of over 3000 genome copies per L of water. The simultaneous detection of infectious adenovirus and of adenovirus and NoV by (RT)PCR suggests that the presence of infectious viruses in recreational waters may constitute a public health risk upon exposure. These studies support the case for considering adenoviruses as an indicator of bathing water quality
Fortran code for modeling the propagation of ULF waves in a 3-dimensional dipole magnetosphere
No full textFortran source code for numerical modeling of ULF waves in the magnetosphereThis code allows for the modeling of Ultra-Low-Frequency (ULF) waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. It has been used in a number of publications and presentations at conferences. It takes a prescribed driver in the form of a compression at the outer boundary and follows the propagation of the waves through the magnetosphere and to the ground. The output consists of files each containing snapshots of one component of the electromagnetic field at all points in the simulation volume at an instant of time, in addition to files containing background information such as the Alfven speed profile throughout the simulation.National Science Foundation AGS-1840891Lysak, Robert L; Waters, Colin; Sciffer, Murray. (2020). Fortran code for modeling the propagation of ULF waves in a 3-dimensional dipole magnetosphere. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/d1g7-c676
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Navigating the Waters: Two
No full textWork of art of exhibition: monotype, screenprint by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: Accumulating: slow and steady, Shifting: between states
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Navigating the Waters: One
No full textWork of art of exhibition: monotype, screenprint by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: A Swiftness, Accumulating: slow and steady, Shifting: between states
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Navigating the Waters: Three
No full textWork of art of exhibition: monotype, screenprint by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: An Upwelling, Awash: in the light of day, A Subtle Course: branching
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Navigating the Waters: Seven
No full textWork of art of exhibition: screenprint, monotype by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: Churning: tides rising, Serenity: on the horizon, A Current: eventually emerging, Wayfinding: through the banks
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Navigating the Waters: Four
No full textWork of art of exhibition: monotype, screenprint by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: Awash: in the light of day, A Subtle Course, branching, PermeatingL a coolness approaches
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Navigating the Waters: Five
No full textWork of art of exhibition: lithograph, screenprint, monotype by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: Drifting: sweeping through, Formations: I
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Navigating the Waters: Six
No full textWork of art of exhibition: lithograph, screenprint, monotype by artist Aunna Escobedo, as part of a 2020 MFA Exhibition, entitled "Navigating the Waters". L to R: Drifting: sweeping through, Formations: I, Churning: tides rising, Serenity: on the horizon
Biogeography of Wood-Boring Crustaceans (Isopoda: Limnoriidae) Established in European Coastal Waters
No full textMarine wood-borers of the Limnoriidae cause great destruction to wooden structures exposed in the marine environment. In this study we collated occurrence data obtained from field surveys, spanning over a period of 10 years, and from an extensive literature review. We aimed to determine which wood-boring limnoriid species are established in European coastal waters; to map their past and recent distribution in Europe in order to infer species range extension or contraction; to determine species environmental requirements using climatic envelopes. Of the six species of wood-boring Limnoria previously reported occurring in Europe, only Limnoria lignorum, L. quadripunctata and L. tripunctata are established in European coastal waters. L. carinata and L. tuberculata have uncertain established status, whereas L. borealis is not established in European waters. The species with the widest distribution in Europe is Limnoria lignorum, which is also the most tolerant species to a range of salinities. L. quadripunctata and L. tripunctata appear to be stenohaline. However, the present study shows that both L. quadripunctata and L. tripunctata are more widespread in Europe than previous reports suggested. Both species have been found occurring in Europe since they were described, and their increased distribution is probably the results of a range expansion. On the other hand L. lignorum appears to be retreating poleward with ocean warming. In certain areas (e.g. southern England, and southern Portugal), limnoriids appear to be very abundant and their activity is rivalling that of teredinids. Therefore, it is important to monitor the distribution and destructive activity of these organisms in Europe
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