622 research outputs found

    Ancient tsunami records in the viscous remanent magnetization of reworked boulders in the Kingdom of Tonga

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    The movement history of boulders is crucial for the reconstruction of paleo-tsunamis. We report findings from viscous remanent magnetization studies of the boulders on Tongatapu Island, aiming to reconstruct their reworkings. Two boulders exhibited viscous remanence, whereas two larger boulders lacked viscous components but exhibited stable remanence. Both the viscous and stable components deviated from the geomagnetic field direction. These observations indicate that: (a) the boulders with a viscous component were reworked before the latest event, which could have reworked all boulders, and (b) the magnitude of the latest event was larger than that of an earlier event. The reworked timing indicated that the event occurred between 3,000 years ago and the fifteenth century. The difference in the wave height required to move boulders on the eastern and western coasts suggests that the source of the earlier tsunami was likely an eruption due to volcanoes along the Tonga Ridge.</p

    Synthesis of new phosphorus ligands for regioselective hydroformylation:

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    Tetraphosphorous ligands with enhanced chelating ability through multiple chelating modes and increased local phosphorus concentration can provide great regioselectivity in Rh/Ligand hydroformylation system. Here we report the synthesis of a series of pyrrole-based tetraphosphorus ligands were synthesized with introducing different functional groups into 3, 3', 5, 5'-positions of the biphenyl, and their applications to the hydroformylation of internal olefins, 1, 5-hexadiene, styrene and its derivatives, and alkyl acrylates. Internal olefins are cheaper and more readily available feedstock than terminal olefins, the development of highly selective and active isomerization-hydroformylation catalysts for internal olefins is of great importance from economic and energy points of view. In particular, the alkyl-substituted tetraphosphorous ligands gave the best results (for 2-octene, n: i up to 207, for 2-hexene, n: i up to 362). Double hydroformylation of 1, n-diolefins is a convenient method to produce dialdehydes. The hydroformylation of 1, 5- hexadiene can be achieved with essentially high regioselectivity (linear selectivity is up to 98%). Styrene and its derivatives prefer the branched aldehydes under the hydro-formylation conditions. However, the linear aldehydes can also be widely used for the production of detergents and plasticizers and important intermediates. Our studies on the hydroformylation of styrene and its derivatives achieved unprecedented high linear selectivity (l/b up to 22 for styrene). Hydroformylation of alkyl acrylate produces 1, 3- and1, 4-bifunctional compounds, which can be further converted into synthetically useful intermediates. Alkyl acrylates have been hydroformylated to the linear aldehydes with high regioselectivity (linear/branch > 99/1) and extraordinarily high average turnover frequencies (up to 5400 h 1) by using a rhodium complex with a tetraphosphorus ligand. The result is in sharp contrast to the most of other processes that favor production of the branched aldehyde (typically > 95% branched for most Rh-catalyzed reaction systems).M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Yu-Ming Chi

    Difficult removal after bronchial filling of an endobronchial Watanabe spigot with N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate for intractable pneumothorax: A case report

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    Abstract A 52‐year‐old man developed a right pneumothorax during treatment for COVID‐19. In a previous case report concerning this patient, his recovery was achieved through implanting four endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWS) in the right B1 and B3 in two phases and spraying N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (NBCA). One year later, EWS removal was planned. He was intubated under bronchoscopic guidance, and the right upper lobe was observed. The right B1 and B3 inlets were found to be covered with granuloma. Despite the presence of a nylon thread for easy retrieval and partial debridement of the granulation, removal of the implanted EWS in the right B1 and B3 using grasping forceps, basket forceps, and two types of balloons under fluoroscopic guidance was challenging. NBCA spraying is a possible cause of foreign body granuloma formation. Therefore, careful consideration of the indications for the combined EWS‐NBCA procedure is necessary

    College and Research Libraries News, September 2005, Vol. 66 No. 8

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    The cover of this issue of ACLR's College and Research Libraries News features Arthur Rackham's The Travellers and the Plane Tree from his 1912 Aesop's Fables. The picture is acknowledged as held in the Carlson Fable Collection of Creighton University's Reinert Alumni Library. There is a short description of the collection on 564.Stephanie Orphan, Editor-in-chie

    ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION OF LEPROSY

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    Crossing boundaries: Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) and the rural elite of Tokugawa Japan

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    This thesis centres on a member of the rural elite, Suzuki Bokushi (1770-1842) of Echigo, and his social environment in Tokugawa Japan (1603-1868). Through a case study of the interaction between one individual’s life and his social conditions, the thesis participates in the ongoing scholarly reassessment of Tokugawa society, which had an apparently rigid political and social structure, yet many features that suggest a prototype of modernity. Bokushi’s life was multifaceted. He was a village administrator, landlord, pawnbroker, poet, painter, and great communicator, with a nation-wide correspondence network that crossed various social classes. His remote location and humble lifestyle notwithstanding, he was eventually able to publish a book about his region, Japan’s ‘snow country’. This thesis argues that Bokushi’s life epitomises both the potentiality and the restrictions of his historical moment for a well-placed member of the rural elite. An examination of Bokushi’s life and texts certainly challenges residual notions of the rigidity of social boundaries between the urban and the rural, between social statuses, and between cultural and intellectual communities. But Bokushi’s own actions and attitudes also show the force of conservative social values in provincial life. His activities were also still restrained by the external environment in terms of geographical remoteness, infrastructural limitation, political restrictions, cultural norms and the exigencies of human relationships. Bokushi’s life shows that in his day, Tokugawa social frameworks were being shaken and reshaped by people’s new attempts to cross conventional boundaries, within, however, a range of freedom that had both external and internal limits
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