307,030 research outputs found
Nychiodes eberti Wanke & Hausmann & Krogmann & Petrányi & Rajaei 2020, sp. nov.
No full textNychiodes eberti sp. nov. Wanke, Hausmann & Rajaei (figs 73–83, 120–122; map 3) Type material examined. Holotype, ♂, Türkei, Prov. Erzurum, Kopdagi Pass, vic. Ascale, 2200 m, 27.-31.vii.1978, Lichtf., leg. W. Thomas, g.prep. 0267/2019 D. Wanke; in SMNS. Paratypes, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, NE Türkei, Prov.Erzurum, Dogu Karadeniz Daglari, Korga Dagi, Köprüköy, Umg. bei Ispir, 2000 m, w. 28.vii.2001, e.o. 3.xi.2001, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, R. Busse, A. Kazanci & E. Schwabe, g.preps (♂) 0456/2019 D. Wanke, (♀) 0457/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, NE Türkei, Dogu Karadeniz Daglari, Ovit Dagi, ca. 5 km südl. Ovit Dagi Gecidi, 2400-2500 m, 27.vii.2001, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, R. Busse, A. Kazanci & E. Schwabe, g.prep. 0241/2019 D. Wanke; all in PCJG. 1 ♂, Turkey, St. 2108, Nigde, Bolkardaglari N Side, SW Maden, 1600 m, 3.viii.1995, leg. D.v.d. Poorten, W. De Prins, g.prep. 0341/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♀, Turkiye, Konya, 38 km W Konya, 1550 m, 8.-9.vii.[19]88, leg. S. Wagener, g.prep. 0443/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Turkey, Erzincan, Caglayan, 4 km S. Kalecik, 1600 m, 13.- 15.vii.2000, leg. K. Larsen, g.prep. (♂) 0339/2019 D. Wanke, (♀) 0444/2019 D. Wanke; 2 ♂, Turkey, Konya, Toros Daglari, Adiller Taskent, 1700 m, 14.vii.1986, leg. Arne Moberg, g.prep. 0343/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Turkey, Ankara, 1150-1250 m, 10 km NW Kizilcahaman, 6.-7.viii.1989, leg. Fibiger, Esser; 1 ♂, Turkiye, St. 1711, Artvin, 8-10 km SW Yusufeli Coruh valley, 900-1000 m, 4.-9.vii.1991, leg. W. De Prins, D.v.d. Poorten, A. Riemis, g.prep. 0344/2019 D. Wanke; 3 ♂, Turkey, Nigde, Bolkar Daglari, N. s. Maden, 2100 m, 29.vii.1997, K. Larsen, g.prep. 0342/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Turkey, Sivas, Gökpinar, 10 km S Gürün, 1500 m, 1.viii.1997, leg. K. Larsen, g.prep. 0340/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Turkey, Sivas, Gökpinar, 12 km S Gürün, 1500 m, 25.vii.1998, leg. K. Larsen; 1 ♀, Turkey, Sivas, Gökpinar, 10 km S Gürün, 1500 m, 11.vii.2000, leg. K. Larsen, g.prep. 0445/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♀, [Turkey], Maras, Binboga Daglari, Göksun Yalakköy, 1600 m, 17.vii.1986, leg. A. Moberg, g.prep. 0451/2019 D. Wanke; all in PCPS. 2 ♂, Türkei centr., Provinz Sivas, Gökpinar, 1,5 km westlich, N 38°39'21'', O 37°17'19'', 1600 m ü.NN, 02.vii.2008, LF, leg. Ralf & Sylvana Fiebig, g.prep. 2134/2017 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Türkei centr., Provinz Nevsehir, Kappadokien, Göreme, N 38°39', O 34°50', 1080-1150 m ü.NN, 08.-11.vii.2011, LF, leg. R. Fiebig & S. Rothe, g.preps. (♂) 0398/2019 D. Wanke (♀) 0399/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Türkei centr., Prov.Nevsehir, Kappadok- ien, Aktepe1 km SSO, N 38°40'43'', O 34°52'25'', 1070 m ü.NN, 26.-27.viii.2009 LF, leg. R. & S. Fiebig, g.prep. 0400/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Türkei centr, Provinz Nigde, Aladag West, 5 km SSO von Sulucaova, N 37°58'13'', O 35°09'58'', 2200-2500m ü.NN, 16.viii.2009, LF, leg. R. Fiebig & S. Rothe, g.prep. 0396/2019 D. Wanke; all in PCRF. 2 ♂, Türkei, Kopdagi, 4.viii.1978, 2100m, leg. Dittrich, Austria; in PCTM. 2 ♀, Türkei, Prov.Erzurum, Kop- dagi Pass, vic. Ascale, 2200 m, 27.-31.vii.1978, Lichtf., leg. W. Thomas, g.preps 0263, 0435/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, [Turkey], Kleinasien, Prov.Erzurum, 40 km NW Erzurum, vic. Egerti, 1850-2000 m, 30.vii.-01.viii.[19]80, g.prep. 0066/2018 D. Wanke; 5 ♂, [Turkey], Kleinasien, Prov.Kars, vic. Karakurt, Aras-Tal, 1500 m, 15.-16.vii.1978, leg. de Freina, g.preps 0076, 0077/2018 D. Wanke, 0260/2019 D. Wanke; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, [Turkey], Kleinasien, Prov.Kars, vic. Kagizman, Kötek, 1550 m, 29.-31.vii.[19]78, leg. de Freina, g.preps (♂) 0078, 0080/2018 D. Wanke, 0261, 0262, 0264/2019 D. Wanke, (♀) 0266/2019 D. Wanke; 2 ♂, [Turkey], Kleinasien, Prov.Erzurum, Umg. Ovacik, Camlika, 2100 m, 01.-02.viii.1980, leg. de Freina, g.prep. 0086/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, [Turkey], Kleinasien, Prov.Kars, vic. Sarikamis, 2000-2300 m, 21-27.vii.[19]80, leg. de Freina, 0079/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♀, Türkei, Anatolien, 25 km, südl. Sivas, 1500 m, 24.+ 25.vii.1978, leg. W. Thomas, g.prep. 0432/2019 D. Wanke; 2 ♀, [Turkey], Klei- nasien, Prov.Artvin, 5 km SE Sarigöl, 750 m, 31.vii.-09.viii.[19]83, leg. de Freina, g.prep. 2090/2017 H. Rajaei, 0436/2019 D. Wanke; all in SMNS. 6 ♂, [Turkey], Anatolien, Ankara, 1000 m, vi.1934, leg. Herbert Noack, g.preps 0161, 0162/2018 D. Wanke, 0282, 0283, 0284/2019 D. Wanke; 1 ♀, Türk., Ostkurdistan, Van Gölü, ca. 1800 m, 1.-31.Vii.1965, leg. Herbert Noack, g.prep. (♀) 0292/2019 D. Wanke; all in SMNK. 1 ♂, Türkei, vii.[19]95, leg. Gelbrecht, g.prep. 0464/2019, D. Wanke; in ZSM. Description. Wingspan ♂29–40 mm, ♀35–42 mm (forewing length ♂18–22 mm, ♀19–24 mm) (figs 73–83). Antennae bipectinate in both sexes. Frons flat, projecting about one quarter diameter of eye, smoothly scaled. Chaetosemata present as two small patches. Length of labial palpi about 1.0 times diameter of the eye, slightly exceeding frons. Proboscis absent. Ground colour of wings highly variable, varying from sandy grey-yellow and light brown to dark brown. Transverse lines faint or visible. Terminal line from light to dark brown, sometimes faint. Postmedial line of forewing, if present, curved between M1 and M2; antemedial line, if visible, curved outwards. Postmedial line of hindwing absent or slightly visible. Antemedial line often faint or slightly visible as a shadow. Underside of wings variable, from unicolorous to vaguely showing the pattern of the upper side. Discal spots present only on underside. In male genitalia (figs 120–122) uncus tapered and curved, basally broad (fig. 121). Gnathos well developed, strongly sclerotized, medially tongue-shaped. Saccus wide. Costa of valva narrow, strongly sclerotized, apically spinose, digitiform and slightly exceeding apex of valva. Both ampullae located in the distal half of valva, apically spinose; ampulla superior long, basally wide, medially narower; ampulla inferior well developed, of similar length like ampulla superior and narrower than the latter. Juxta anchor-shaped, stalk broad. Aedeagus broad (width-length ratio, 1:9), medially curved; cornutus half length of aedeagus. In female genitalia ovipositor broad, Apophyses anteriores one fifth length of apophyses posteriores (fig. 143). Sternite A9 conical. Lamella postvaginalis antero-posteriorly extended. Ductus bursae sclerotized. Corpus bursae membranous, pear-shaped, signum stellate. Note. Nychiodes eberti sp. nov. is highly variable in wing pattern, similar to the large variability in N. divergaria (see figs 52–83). Therefore, wing pattern and coloration are absolutely unreliable characters for a secure diagnosis of these two species and examination of male and female genitalia is mandatory. Diagnosis. In the distribution range of N. eberti sp. nov. the sympatrically occurring N. rayatica and N. divergaria can be confused when comparing wing pattern only (see figs 41, 42, 52–83). Furthermore, the wing pattern and coloration of N. eberti sp. nov. overlaps with that of N. convergata sp. nov., which is so far only known from Israel (figs 84, 85). Male genitalia of N. eberti sp. nov. with costa of valva characteristically narrow, digitiform at apex, slightly exceeding apex of valva (costa of valva apically very large and broad, clearly exceeding apex of valva in N. rayatica; costa of valva wide, not exceeding apex of valva in N. divergaria; costa of valva basally narrow, apically widely clubbed, clearly exceeding apex of valva in N. convergata sp. nov.) (see figs 105, 113–123). In N. eberti sp. nov. ampulla superior twice as broad as ampulla inferior, both ampullae not curved, located in the distal half of valva (ampulla superior conical, ampulla inferior strongly curved, both ampullae located at the centre of valva in N. rayatica; ampulla superior very long and broad, ampulla inferior highly variable, both ampullae located at the centre of valva in N. divergaria; ampulla superior digitiform, three times as broad as ampulla inferior, both ampullae located at the centre of valva in N. convergata sp. nov.) (see figs 105, 113–123). In N. eberti sp. nov. aedeagus thick and slightly curved, cornutus-aedeagus ratio 1/2 (aedeagus very small and short, cornutus-aedeagus ratio 1/ 2 in N. rayatica; aedeagus thick and strongly curved, cornutus-aedeagus ratio 2/ 3 in N. divergaria; aedeagus narrow and long; cornutus-aedeagus ratio 1/ 3 in N. convergata sp. nov.) (see figs 105b, 113 b–118b, 123b). Female genitalia of N. eberti sp. nov. with apophyses anteriores one fifth length of apophyses posteriores (strongly reduced apophyses anteriores, two strongly sclerotized spherical patches on sternite A 9 in N. divergaria; female of N. rayatica and N. convergata sp. nov. unknown) (see figs 141–143). Phenology. Flying from May to August. Biology. Unknown. Habitat. In altitudes from 50 up to 2500m. Distribution. Distributed in Turkey (map 3). DNA barcoding. Diverging by 3.1% (minimum pairwise distance) from the N. divergaria-subvirida complex. Nearest species (minimum pairwise distances): N. mirzayansi sp. nov. (3.1%) and N. convergata sp. nov. (3.4%) (fig. 145). Etymology. The name of this species is dedicated to Günter Ebert (born in 1935), former curator of the Lepidoptera collection in Karlsruhe State Museum of Natural History and editor in chief of the masterpiece "Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württenbergs" in 10 volumes. During his many expeditions in Iran and Afghanistan, Günter Ebert collected the most important reference collection for these countries, deposited in SMNK (and parts in ZSM). All Nychiodes specimens, which were collected by Ebert are examined in this paper.Published as part of Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Krogmann, Lars, Petrányi, Gergely & Rajaei, Hossein, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 (Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) with description of three new species-an integrative approach, pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 4812 (1) on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4812.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/394410
Birstins
No full textWanke sees Birstin's installations of felted wool bodies as a metaphor for age and experience. Biographical notes. 3 bibl. ref
Triphosa silviae Wanke & Hausmann & Rajaei 2019, sp. n.
No full text<i>Triphosa silviae</i> sp. n. <p>(figs 14, 23, 24, 39, 47; map)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE. ♂, Iran, Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun, Fort Mian – Kotal, ca 2000 m, Mai [v.] 1937, coll. Brandt; g. prep. 0059/2018 D. Wanke; in SMNK.</p> <p>PARATYPES. 1 ♂, Iran, Fars, Shiraz, 3.v.1941, E.P. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920569, g. prep. 0050/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Iran, Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan (Khach), 2800 m, 20.v.1938, coll. Brandt, L.B. Prout Coll. B.M. 1939-643, NHMUK 010920568; 1 ♀, Iran, Fars, Pireh Zan, 6.v.1940, E.p. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920570; 1 ♀, Iran, nr. Yezd [Yazd], Barfkhaneh, 6.vi.1940, E.p. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433, NHMUK 010920571; all in BMNH. 1 ♀, Fars-Dasht, Arjan, 27.v.77, Abai, g. prep. 0006/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♀, Fars, Mamassani-Chahgah, 19-29.v.1976, Abai L.T.; 1 ♀, Fars, Mamasani-Chahtut, 1-8.vi.1976, Abai L.T., g. prep. 0007/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Khorassan, Kopedagh-Allahakbar, 1950 m, 16.vi.1974, Leg: Radj. / Paz., g. prep. 0008/2018 D. Wanke; all in HMIM. 1 ♂, E-Iran, Prov. Ostan-e Khorasan, N 36°55’56.6’’ E 059°02’18.6’’, Kopet Dagh, NW Mashad, N Tschenaran, N Radkan, Dolmeh Olia, 1560 m NN, 09.v.2008, legit Bernd Müller, Robert Trusch & Michael Falkenberg, g. prep. 0019/2018 D. Wanke; in PCBM. 1 ♂, Iran, Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun, Fort Mian – Kotal, ca 2000 m, v.1937, coll. Brandt, g. prep. 0010/ 2018 D. Wanke; 1♂, Iran, Baloutchistan, Kouh i Taftan (Khach), 2500 m, 16.v.1938, coll. Brandt, g. prep 753/2009 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Kerman-Bam, Dehbakri / 2200 m, 1-2.v.1973, g. prep 1909/2015 H. Rajaei; 2 ♀, S-Iran, Prov. Fars, Tange Surkh, 50 km NW Ardekan, 2250 m NN, 12.-15.vi.1975, leg. Ebert / Falkner, SMNK E-Lep. -47, g. preps. 755/2009 H. Rajaei, 1235/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, NE-Iran, Prov. Ostan-e Khorasan, Kopet Dagh, NW Mashad, N Tschenaran, N Radkan, Dolmeh Olia, N 36°55‘56‘.6‘‘, E 59°02’18.6‘‘. 9.v.2008, 1560 mNN, lux, leg. R. Trusch, M. Falkenberg & B. Müller, SMNK E-Lep. 247, g. prep (♂) 0140/2018 D. Wanke; all in SMNK. 2 ♀, Iran, prov. Kohkiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad, 30 km S Yassuj, road Abshare-Tange-Tamoradi, 8 km before Abshar, N 30°31’53’’ E 051°25’11’’, Alt. 2254 m, 24.v.2009, leg. Hossein Rajaei, g. prep (♀) 0009/2018 D. Wanke; 1 ♂, Iran, Isfahan prov. Abade-Semirom road, 30 km before Hanna protected area, 2435 m, N 31°12’22’’, E 051°51’37’’, 09.vi.2010, leg. H. Rajaei, g. prep 1910/2015 H. Rajaei; all in SMNS. 1 ♀, Iran, Khorasan, NP Golestan-Dasht, 1138 m, 21- 22.v.2001, 37,17.8325/ 5,56.836, leg. Dr. Ch. Wieser, BC ZSM Lep 08631, g. prep 1386 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, N-Iran, Demavend, 4500 m, (Licht), 21.-31.vii.1996, leg. Müller, BC ZSM Lep 07132, g. prep 1392 H. Rajaei; all in ZSM.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Wingspan 36–42 mm (forewing length 19–23 mm). Antennae filiform. Frons slightly convex, projecting about half the diameter of eye, smoothly scaled. Chaetosemata present. Labial palpi rather thick and long, exceeding frons by half diameter of eye, tip darker scaled. Ground colour of wings beige, sandy coloured. Forewing with stronger wing pattern, termen slightly wavy. Transversal lines greyish-brown, fading from costa to the inner margin. Hindwing pale, transversal lines faint. Terminal line of both wings varies from beige to greyishbrown. Termen of the hindwing heavily wavy. Fringes clearly visible, slightly paler than ground colour.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i> (figs 14, 39). Uncus long, thin, tapered, sub-medially curved and heavily sclerotized. Socii present, weakly developed; consisting of a few numbers of setae at the base of the uncus. Subscaphium sclerotized, strewn with plenty of little spines on both sides. Tegumen arched, consisting of two broad sclerotized tapes with a posterior rounded notch touching the base of the uncus. Valva apically rounded, its apical half weakly sclerotized; costa of valva and sacculus projection heavily sclerotized, the latter distally forked, both distally not connected to the valva. Costal projection proximally narrow, slightly dilating to distal part, tip kidney-shaped. Labides on ventral view flat and setose, thickened to the centre, almost touching each other. In posterior view, the labides are broader than in ventral view. Juxta three-lobed. Saccus laterally elongated, centrally furrowed (shape differs due to preparation technique). Sacculus projection heavily sclerotized, distally forked. Fork-shaped tip consisting of two slightly different prongs; upper prong somewhat longer and broader than the lower one. Aedeagus broad and short, sclerotized. Vesica membranous, partially covered with patch of mirocornuti.</p> <p> <i>Female genitalia</i> (fig. 47). Ovipositor short and broad. Apophyses posteriores approximately twice length of apophyses anteriores. Antrum short, funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae bent, very short, flat, wide in ventral view, but narrow in lateral view. Corpus bursae pyriform; posterior part strongly sclerotized, with longitudinal folds, very long and strongly funnel-shaped (on average 1.8 mm length, 1.0 mm width). Second, anterior part membranous. Signum lacking.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Like other <i>Triphosa</i> species, <i>T. silviae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is mainly characterized and distinguishable by the male genitalia. The socii consist of a small number of setae located at the base of the uncus (few setae at the base of the uncus in <i>T. dubitata</i>; more setae at the uncus base in <i>T. lecerfi</i> <b>sp. n.</b>; setae located on protrusions in <i>T. sabaudiata</i> and <i>T. taochata</i>) (figs 13 a–17a). Labides are flat, thickened to the centre and setose unlike those in the other <i>Triphosa</i> species (hump-shaped, not touching each other, equipped with setae in <i>T. dubitata</i>; flat, strongly and densely setose in <i>T. lecerfi</i> <b>sp. n.</b>; labides stick-like fused in <i>T. sabaudiata</i>; spoon-shaped, fused, tip strongly setose in <i>T. taochata</i>) (figs 13 b–17b). Prongs at the tip of sacculus projection slightly different, with upper prong longer and broader, and the angle between prongs being less than 90° (lower prong shorter than upper one, upper prong curved, both arranged in less than 90° in <i>T. dubitata</i>; both prongs blunt and short, arranged in more than 90° in <i>T. lecerfi</i> <b>sp. n.</b>; two identical prongs, arranged in ~45° in <i>T. sabaudiata</i>; upper prong long, lower prong shortened, arranged in ~90° in <i>T. taochata</i>) (figs 13 c–17c).</p> <p> Identification based on female genitalia is difficult: corpus bursae pyriform; posterior part strongly sclerotized, with longitudinal folds, funnel-shaped (similar in <i>T. lecerfi</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, <i>T. sabaudiata</i> and <i>T. taochata</i>; ‘guitar-shaped’, posterior part of corpus bursae tubular, heavily sclerotized with few longitudinal folds; anterior part membranous, in <i>T. dubitata</i>) (figs 46–52).</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Some specimens were collected at altitudes of 1560–2500 m.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> So far only known from Iran (several populations in the north and in the south to south-eastern Iran) (see map).</p> <p> <b>DNA barcoding.</b> Clusters with <i>T. taochata</i>, genetic distance rather small (1.7%) (tab. 2). However, these species show clear diagnostic characters in morphology (see figs 13-17). Diverging by more than 2% from <i>T. sabaudiata</i> (2.2%) and <i>T. lecerfi</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (3.3%) (tab. 2).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name of the new species is dedicated in great thankfulness to Silvia Wanke (1954–2007), Beutelsbach, Germany, to make her remembered forever.</p>Published as part of <i>Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel & Rajaei, Hossein, 2019, An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in the Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species, pp. 39-65 in Zootaxa 4603 (1)</i> on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2673255">http://zenodo.org/record/2673255</a>
Cinglis humifusaria Wanke & Hausmann & Lee & Murillo-Ramos & Sihvonen & Rajaei 2023
No full text<i>Cinglis humifusaria</i> <p> 4 ♁/ ♀, Iran, prov. Zanjan, Ab Bar, 1053 m, 17.v.2010, Leg. G. Petrányi, P. Hentschel, g. preps (♁) 1252, 1253/2022 D. Wanke (♀) 1193, 1194/2021 D. Wanke; <b>all in SMNS</b> <b>.</b></p> <p> 3 ♁/ ♀, South East Kazakhstan, Almaty Province, 12 km SW of Akzhar vill. Ili River valley, 44°52’N, 75°53’E, 25.–26.v.2015, Leg. P. Gorbunov; 1 ♁/ ♀, West Kazakhstan, Irgiz river basin, 17 km NEN of Kurylys settl., saline semidesert, 49°47’N, 60°49’E, 13.v.2016, Leg. P. Gorbunov; <b>all in ZSM</b> <b>.</b></p>Published as part of <i>Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 5359 (1)</i> on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10147920">http://zenodo.org/record/10147920</a>
Identification of delayed potassium and calcium currents in the rat sympathetic neurone under voltage clamp
No full textPost-ganglionic neurones of the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion were studied at 37 degrees C under two-electrode voltage-clamp conditions. Membrane depolarization beyond -40 mV from holding levels between -50 and -100 mV produced a delayed outward current which exhibited no inactivation within this voltage range. The current is carried primarily by K+ ions and its instantaneous I-V relation is linear. The total outward current could be separated into two distinct components on the basis of ion-substitution experiments. A voltage-dependent component of the delayed current, termed IK(V), is activated by membrane depolarization beyond -40 mV when Ca2+ fluxes are selectively blocked by Cd2+ or in Ca2+-free solution. IK(V) develops following first-order kinetics and rises to a peak with a voltage-dependent delay (239 ms at -30 mV and 23 ms at +10 mV). GK(V) attains a saturating value of the order of 17 mS/cm2 at about +20 mV and can be described in terms of a simple Boltzmann distribution for a single gating particle with a valency equal to +2.5. A second component of the delayed outward current, termed IK(Ca), depends on Ca2+ entry for its activation and was isolated as difference current before and after block of Ca2+ movements across the membrane. IK(Ca) is larger and faster than IK(V): it is strictly related to Ca2+ influx and also depends on membrane potential depolarization. A distinct Ca2+ current, ICa, was recorded from the neurone exposed to Na+-free or tetrodotoxin solution. ICa was activated by membrane depolarization beyond -30 mV and reached a maximum value near 0 mV. Its activation agrees with fourth-order kinetics and becomes faster with increasing depolarization. The Ca2+ current developed with a voltage-dependent time to peak of 2.9-1.8 ms and thereafter completely inactivated. The relationship between ICa and IK(Ca) is discussed. The Ca2+-k+ repolarizing system is expected to be mainly associated with action potentials arising from a depolarized neurone, whereas the IA current (Belluzzi, Sacchi & Wanke, 1985) dominates the repolarization mechanism at the normal membrane potential. The effect of muscarine was examined. Muscarine (10-50 microM) produced a fall in conductance with a voltage dependence similar to that exhibited by GK(Ca) and was ineffective when removing extracellular Ca2+ or adding Cd2+. A partial suppression of ICa by muscarine is demonstrated. It is suggested that the decrease of the outward current magnitude in the presence of muscarine may be accounted for qualitatively by the reduction in ICa
Treinamento específico na área de transportes: Disciplina: I.1 Tecnologia e infraestrutura ferroviária, via permanente
No full textO texto do qual foram selecionadas as partes ora apresentadas foi elaborado a partir de Curso ministrado pelo Prof. Wanke. O critério para seleção buscou apresentar os tópicos de maior abrangência e as figuras e gráficos mais ilustrativos
E pur Geometria tanto m'alletta... Il trattato di Lorenzo Mascheroni sull'equilibrio delle volte
No full textAtti del Convegno internazionale di studi a cura di Matilde Dillon Wanke e Duccio Tongiorgi, Bergamo University Press, Edizioni Sestante, Bergamo, 200
Lorenzo Mascheroni. Scienza e letteratura nell'età dei Lumi
No full textLorenzo Mascheroni (1750-1800) fu scienziato di vaglia e insieme fine letterato. In lui come in pochi altri le "due culture" non ammisero frontiere, arte e scienza essendo manifestazioni di uno stesso atteggiamento intelettuale, endiadi feconda della conoscenza. Fu inoltre un legislatore illuminato. Per comprendere appieno una figura così complessa si confrontano in questo volume specialisti di discipline separate dalle logiche ferree dell'Accademia
Role of ATP and ATP-metabolizing enzymes in neuroreparative processes after hypoxic-ischemic injury in rodent organotypic brain slices
No full textBesides their role as metabolic intermediates and as donors of energy and of phosphate group, ATP and extracellular nucleotides act as key extracellular signalling molecules in many organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), by activating the P2 purinergic receptors (i.e., the 7 ionotropic P2X and 8 G protein-coupled P2Y receptors). Extracellular nucleotides show pro-survival and protective effects on both neurons and glial cells, but they may also contribute to neurodegeneration under deregulated conditions, such as those occurring in acute conditions (stroke or spinal cord damage) or in chronic diseases, like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s. Understanding these opposite actions is important to exploit the positive actions of nucleotides and their receptors while limiting the harmful ones. We are particularly interested in verifying if and how the purinergic signalling can contribute to the survival, repair and regeneration of neural cells following ischemic/hypoxic insults.
To this purpose, we have focussed our attention on an experimental model that has been set up by Illes and co-workers : organotypic cultures of rodent brain slices from mesencephalic ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA-SN) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Freshly dissected slices from these two brain areas are put in contact and maintained in culture up to 3 weeks, to allow studying the influence of purinergic modulators on nerve fibers regeneration and on the reconstruction of neuronal circuitries under control conditions and after induction of hypoxia/ischemia.
As a first step, we have evaluated the damage induced by the application of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to VTA-SN/PFC co-cultures, obtained by maintaining slices in a glucose-free medium and in a controlled humidified atmosphere of 95% N2 in an hypoxia chamber, which mimics in vitro the cytotoxicity induced by ischemia in vivo. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay highlighted a significant increase of LDH enzyme release in the culture medium after 1h OGD (+91% with respect to control cultures). These data correlate with the increased number of PI-positive cells in OGD-treated cultures (+89% with respect to control). Due to the more extended damages induced by longer times of OGD, in particular on the VTA-SN portion that underwent partial or complete detachment from the culture dish and disruption into small pieces, we decided to set up our experiments on 1h OGD, followed by different times of reperfusion. We have then focussed our attention on the effects on neurons, the cellular population most sensitive to OGD, and on the glial population (namely, astroglia, microglia and oligodendroglia), in order to understand the modification of the glial response after injury and its possible role in either damage propagation or recovery. Preliminary data suggest that, in the PFC, the number of astroglial cells is not affected by OGD, while an induction of microglial cells activation (approx. +50%) and an increased number of oligodendroglial cells (approx. +60%) were detected.
Since extracellular nucleotide concentrations and functions depend on the activity of nucleotide-hydrolysing enzymes, and some of them (i.e., NTPDases, which hydrolyze ATP to AMP) have been reported to increase upon ischemia , we have set up a lead-phosphate method for the in situ localization of their activity. This method has been initially characterized and validated in dissociated cell cultures from rat CNS (endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes). NTPDases activity results in a lead phosphate precipitate that can be visualized by light microscopy as a brown deposit by converting phosphate to sulphide, and subsequently quantified by densitometric analysis. Results highlight that the exposure of these cells to hypoxic/hypoglycaemic conditions results in an increased activity of ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes. We are currently translating this method to the in vitro organotypic VTA-SN/PFC cultures
G. Carducci, Carteggio con L. Billi e M. Giarré Billi
No full textEdizione commentata e filologicamente curata del carteggio, lungo quasi cinquant’anni, con Luigi Billi, medico di vaglia e curioso antropologo, volontario garibaldino, prima socialista e poi crispino, uno degli amici più cari del poeta, e con la moglie di lui, Marianna Giarré, poetessa e docente coinvolta nella riforma degli studi superiori femminili
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