82,231 research outputs found
Wang Shuo and the commercialisation of contemporary Chinese culture
No full textThis thesis examines the commercialisation of Chinese culture that has taken place over the past twenty years in mainland China. It explores the contribution of Wang Shuo, a cultural figure who straddles different fields of culture, moving from literature to the ultimate mass culture medium of television, this study plots Wang Shuo' s development from educational failure, to business failure, to fiction writer, film & TV editor, film director and cultural critic and analyst. His stories, films, TV series and articles have caused shock-waves throughout national cultural circles as he has transformed the terms of the debate from academic discourse to a validation of the role of the market in the culture field. Although Wang Shuo has not been labelled as a dissident, his approach to the culture market has had a more subversive effect on official ideology that those overt dissidents who have had to live in exile or have been imprisoned. He has utilised the language of official ideology to satirise the authorities, turning the ideology and its supporters into figures of fun. Yet his own goals have been strictly personal and economic ones. The authorities recognize the value of Wang Shuo's work in the cultural market but at the same time distrust his works and place him under strict censorship. Examining the way Wang Shuo and people surround him have succeeded in different fields of cultural achievement is a mirror to understanding the process of the transformation of contemporary Chinese culture from a socialist state-controlled culture to a market-oriented mass culture industry
Wang Meng and contemporary Chinese literature: the vicissitudes of a committed writer
No full textThis thesis examines the way Wang Meng has developed as a writer from the 1950s to the 1990s in the context of New China's political and literary background. It looks at the compromises he was forced to make between his political beliefs in the Communist Party and his chosen role as a professional writer. After his disastrous early foray into what was deemed to be unacceptable political criticism with The Young Newcomer in the Organisation Department in the 1950s, when the opportunity came to start publishing again in the late 1970s he was boldly innovative in style, helping to transform New Period literature, but conservative in content, sticking to politically acceptable topics. It was only with Hard Porridge in 1989 that he ventured again, and very successfully, into political comment. There is no outstanding leading writer in contemporary China, but Wang Meng is a leading contender for the title
Jiang xue yuan de yi ben cao
No full textV.1. 條目 -- 絳雪園得宜本草 / 王晉三集 ; 吳蒙校 -- 絳雪園古方選註 : 六門 : 和劑四十四方 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- v.2. 絳雪園古方選註 : 寒劑十方 / 王子接註 ; 薛雪校 -- 温劑十九方 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- 汗劑十三方 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- 吐劑五方 / 王子接註 ; 王士琳校 -- 下劑二十二方 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- v.3-4. 絳雪園古方選註 : 內科 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- v.5. 絳雪園古方選註 : 內科丸方 / 王子接註 ; 吳蒙校 -- v.6. 絳雪園古方選註 : 女科 / 王子接註 ; 周德秀校 -- 女科丸方 / 王子接註 ; 吳蒙校 -- 外科 / 王子接註 ; 王士琳校 -- 痘疹科附幼科 / 王子接註 ; 葉桂校 -- 眼科 / 王子接註 ; 吳蒙校 -- 咽喉科內附口齒 / 王子接註 -- 折傷科 / 王子接註 ; 吳蒙校 -- 金簇科 / 王子接註 -- 祝由科 / 王子接註 ; 徐焯校 -- 符禁科.V.1. Tiao mu -- Jiang xue yuan de yi ben cao / Wang Jinsan ji ; Wu Meng jiao -- Jiang xue yuan gu fang xuan zhu : liu men : he ji si shi si fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- v.2. Jiang xue yuan gu fang xuan zhu : han ji shi fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Xue Xue jiao -- Wen ji shi jiu fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- Han ji shi san fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- Tu ji wu fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wang Shilin jiao -- Xia ji er shi er fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- v.3-4. Jiang xue yuan gu fang xuan zhu : nei ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- v.5. Jiang xue yuan gu fang xuan zhu : nei ke wan fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wu Meng jiao -- v.6. Jiang xue yuan gu fang xuan zhu : nü ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Zhou Dexiu jiao -- Nü ke wan fang / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wu Meng jiao -- Wai ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wang Shilin jiao -- Dou zhen ke fu you ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Ye Gui jiao -- Yan ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wu Meng jiao -- Yan hou ke nei fu kou chi / Wang Zijie zhu -- Zhe shang ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Wu Meng jiao -- Jin cu ke / Wang Zijie zhu -- Zhu you ke / Wang Zijie zhu ; Xu Zhuo jiao -- Fu jin ke.王晉三注 ; 葉天士校.綫裝.框18x13.4公分, 10行22字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 左右雙邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫"古方選註", 中鐫小題, 下鐫葉次.題名據內封頁.內封頁刻"魏柏鄉先生鑑定, 埽葉山房刊"前有雍正辛亥[1731]魏荔彤序.《中國中醫古籍總目》03520著錄.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 18 x 13.4 gong fen, 10 hang 22 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, zuo you shuang bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan "Gu fang xuan zhu", zhong juan xiao ti, xia juan ye ci.Ti ming ju nei feng ye.Nei feng ye ke "Wei Boxiang xian sheng jian ding, Sao ye shan fang kan"Qian you Yongzheng xin hai [1731] Wei Litong xu.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Wang Jinsan zhu ; Ye Tianshi jiao.Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
Xue ye.
No full text雪夜 -- 一個勤學的學生 --砍柴的女兒 -- 死與生 -- 瘸子王二的驢 -- 怎樣辦呢 -- 月下 -- 春梅 -- 校長.汪敬熙著.Wang Jingxi zhu.Xue ye -- Yi ge qin xue de xue sheng --Kan chai de nü er -- Si yu sheng -- Que zi Wang Er de lü -- Zen yang ban ne -- Yue xia -- Chun mei -- Xiao zhang
Wang Nora, Ye Xin et Wang Lou, Victor Hugo et le sac du Palais d'Eté
No full textKlein Jean-François. Wang Nora, Ye Xin et Wang Lou, Victor Hugo et le sac du Palais d'Eté. In: Outre-mers, tome 92, n°346-347, 1er semestre 2005. La santé et ses pratiques en Afrique, sous la direction de Karine Delaunay. p. 374
Wang Nora, Ye Xin et Wang Lou, Victor Hugo et le sac du Palais d'Eté
No full textKlein Jean-François. Wang Nora, Ye Xin et Wang Lou, Victor Hugo et le sac du Palais d'Eté. In: Outre-mers, tome 92, n°346-347, 1er semestre 2005. La santé et ses pratiques en Afrique, sous la direction de Karine Delaunay. p. 374
Liu wang qu: ge, ge ju.
No full text江陵詞 ; 雪厂曲 ; 集體編劇雪厂, 葉瓊, 江凌.Music in number notation.Jiang Ling ci ; Xuechang qu ; ji ti bian ju Xuechang, Ye Qiong, Jiang Ling
Clinotanypus microtrichos Yan et Ye
No full textClinotanypus microtrichos Yan et Ye (Figs 7–10) Clinotanypus microtrichos Yan et Ye, 1977: 191; Wang (2000: 631). Material examined. CHINA: Guizhou Province, Fanjing Mountain Nature Conservation Area, Huguo Temple, 3 males, 3.viii.2001, light trap, B.C. Ji; Yunnan Province, Jinghong County, 2 males, 3.iv.1987, light trap, X.H. Wang. Diagnostic characters. See key. Male. The males from southern China confirm in most details the original description by Yan and Ye (1977), except for AR = 2.65–2.90. In the original description the AR was given as 0.13. However, this AR was calculated using the method for calculating the antennal ratio for larvae (J.S. Yan pers. com.). Distribution. Previously known from Hebei Province in Palaearctic China. The present material was collected in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in Oriental China.Published as part of Cheng, Ming & Wang, Xinhua, 2008, New species of Clinotanypus Kieffer, 1913 (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from China, pp. 53-65 in Zootaxa 1944 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/523126
Mongolotettix jiuhuashanensis Ye & Wang & Dai & Yin 2022, sp. nov.
No full textMongolotettix jiuhuashanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–7) Holotype ♂, paratype ♀, Anhui, Jiuhuashan 30º65´N, 117º52´E, 1985-8-12 collected by Liu Zu-Yao and Zheng JianZhong. Male: Body small in size. Head shorter than pronotum. Face oblique in profile. Frontal ridge nearly parallel. Antennae ensiform, 20 segmented, extending distinctly over hind margin of pronotum. Eyes oval, vertical diameter 1.6 times horizontal diameter and 1.5 times length of subocular furrow. Pronotum median keel visible, distinctly cut by hind transverse sulcus, lateral keels almost parallel, prozona 1.5 times of metazona in length. Tegmina longer, reaching the hind margin of 8 th abdominal tergite, apically concave in the middle, maximum width of cubital area 1.8 times maximum width of medial area. Interspace of mesosternum distinctly narrowed in the middle, length of interspace of mesosternum 2.8 times minimum width. Lateral lobes of metasternum separated. Second joint of hind tarsus shorter than the first. Tympanum large and round. Cercus long conical, almost reaching tip of epiproct, furculae lacking. Subgenital plate long conical. Width of epiphallus larger than high. Female: Body more robust than male. Vertical diameter of eyes 1.5 times horizontal diameter and 1.1 times the length of subocular furrow. Prozona 1.3 times metazoan in length. Tegmina short, extending over the hind margin of 1 st abdominal tergite slightly, length 2.7 times its maximum width. Length of interspace of mesosternum 2.4 times minimum width. Length of hind femur 6.2 times its maximum width. Cercus short-conical, not reaching end of epiproct. Upper ovipositor valve longer, length 4.4 times maximum width, with small teeth on outer margin. Coloration: Body brown. Eyes dark brown. Antennae brown. Postocular band brown, backward to pronotum. Pronotum yellowish-brown. Tegmina of male without a white stripe on the fore margin at base. Tegmina of female with a black longitudinal stripe in the middle. Abdomen yellowish-brown, with a broad dark longitudinal stripe on both sides. Subgenital plate brown. Measurement (in mm): Length of body: ♂ 22.9, ♀ 31.5. Length of tegmina: ♂ 12.1, ♀ 3.8. Length of hind femur: ♀ 18.1. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to M. tongbaishanensis Yin, Ji et Dai, 2017. The major differences are listed in Table 1. Etymology. The specific epithet is named after Jiuhuashan the type locality.Published as part of Ye, Bao-Hua, Wang, Shengnan, Dai, Li & Yin, Zhan, 2022, A new species of the genus Mongolotettix Rehn, 1928 from Anhui, China (Acrididae, Acridoidea, Orthoptera), pp. 441-444 in Zootaxa 5213 (4) on pages 441-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/738154
Tungurictis peignei Wang & Tseng & Ye & Meng & Bi 2020, n. sp.
No full textTungurictis peignei n. sp. (Figs 4-6; Tables 1, 2) Protictitherium intermedium – Wang et al. 1998: 221, figs 3A, B. HOLOTYPE. — IVPP V 25222, isolated upper third incisor, isolated right upper canine, right maxillary fragment with P1 and P3-4 (broken), left maxillary fragment with P1, P3-4, partial right dentary with p1 alveolus and p2-m2 (Figs 4; 5A, C, D), all apparently of the same individual; the locality was discovered by Jin Meng on July 5, 2009 and the specimen was obtained by screen washing. TYPE LOCALITY. — IVPP XJ 200910 locality, 46°33.993’N, 87°46.965’E, Duolebulejin area, south bank of the Ulungu River, Thickness Magnetic GMPTS Declination Inclination Polarity (CK 95) Age –90 90 270 –90 0 90 second sandstone layer from top of the Suosuoquan Formation, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Fig. 2A). DIAGNOSIS. — The most primitive known species of Tungurictis, T. peignei, n. sp. is smaller than T. spocki and has a more distinct lingual bulge on P3, a more distinct notch on M1 parastyle, and an m1 hypoconulid enclosing the talonid basin. Tungurictis peignei, n. sp. is similar in size to Protictitherium intermedium but has less well developed m1-2 hypoconulid. ETYMOLOGY. — In memoriam of Stéphane Peigné for his contribution to the understanding of fossil carnivorans. REFERRED SPECIMENS. — IVPP V 25223, isolated right P2 (posterior part only; not figured), P3, and M1, from XJ 200815 intermedium (Fig. 2B), 46°24.281’N, 87°25.991’E, at 45 km mark of West Main Irrigation Channel (Xi-gan-qu), southwest of Dingshan Salt Lake (Dingshanyanchi), upper siltstones of Halamagai Formation, 13.3 m below the boundary of Halamagai-Dingshanyanchi formations; some of the carnivoran materials were obtained by screen washing (Fig. 6). — IVPP V 11493, left dentary with c-p1 roots, p2-m1, from Tieersihabahe, lower part of Halamagai Formation (Wang et al. 1998: fig. 3A) (Fig. 5B, E, F). — IVPP V 11494, left dentary fragment with p3 alveolus and p4-m1, from Tieersihabahe, Halamagai Formation, collected on August 14 (Wang et al. 1998: fig. 3B). — IVPP V 11495, right dentary fragment with c-p4 alveoli, from Tieersihabahe, Halamagai Formation. — IVPP V 11496, right dentary fragment with p1-m1 (all broken), from Tieersihabahe, Halamagai Formation. — IVPP V 25224, left dentary fragment with m1, and p4 and m2 alveoli, from Tieersihabahe, Halamagai Formation. — IVPP V 25225, right dentary fragment with p3-4 and m1 alveolus, from Tieersihabahe, Halamagai Formation. — IVPP uncatalogued, left dentary fragment with p3-4 and p2 and m1 alveoli, from Tieersihabahe, second sandstone layer of Halamagai Formation. GEOLOGIC SETTING, FAUNA, AND AGE. — Extensive exposures of middle to late Cenozoic sediments in northern Junggar Basin and its western extension in Kazakhstan produce a rich record of fossil vertebrates (Fig. 1). Explorations of the Junggar Basin by Chinese geologists began in the 1950s. Although Chow (1957, 1958) was first to report fragmentary mammal fossils from several Cenozoic localities in Xinjiang, all collected by local geological survey and petroleum teams, dedicated explorations by vertebrate paleontologists did not begin until 1982 and 1984, when a joint IVPP and Xinjiang Bureau of Petroleum team worked in the Ulungu River region. A basic stratigraphic framework of the Suosuoquan Formation and Halamagai Formation, plus associated vertebrate fossils, was first established by Tong et al. (1990). Since then various efforts have focused on the regional stratigraphy and chronology (Wu et al. 1998; Ye et al. 2000; Ye et al. 2001a, b; Ye et al. 2003; Meng et al. 2006; Meng et al. 2008; Ye et al. 2012; Meng et al. 2013), paleoenvironment and paleoclimate (Sun et al. 2010), small mammal taxonomy (Bi 1999; Bi et al. 1999; Wu et al. 2004, 2006; Bi et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2009; Maridet et al. 2011; Bi et al. 2013), and descriptions of large mammals (Ye 1989; Wu et al. 2003; Ye et al. 2005). REMARKS Carnivorans from the Junggar Basin are generally rare. From collections made during the early expeditions, Qi (1989) reported two fossil carnivorans, Amphicyon ulungurensis Qi, 1989 and Ictitherium cf. I. gaudryi (de Beaumont & Mein, 1972), from three localities (IVPP loc 82501, 82503, 82513, plus a reworked locality 82505) in the Halamagai beds. The next major expeditions that saw a large increase in carnivoran diversity were led by another IVPP team in 1995 and 1996, and were summarized by Wu et al. (1998). Carnivoran collections made in the 1990s from the Halamagai Formation were described by Wang et al. (1998). These include Nimravus ṙ sp., Pseudaelurus cuspidatus Wang, Ye, Meng, Wu, Liu & Bi, 1998, Protictitherium intermedium Schmidt-Kittler, 1976 (Tungurictis herein), Protictitherium small species, Thalassictis chinjiensis (Pilgrim, 1932), Gobicyon ṙ sp., Oligobunis ṙ sp., Alopecocyon goeriachensis (Toula, 1884), and Simocyon Wagner, 1858 small form. Although Wang et al. ’s (1998) report represents a substantial increase of carnivoran diversity, fragmentary jaws and isolated teeth were the main basis of most taxa. Not surprisingly, many of the above identifications are tentative, or even speculative, and await confirmation (or rejection) by better materials. Continued collecting from the Halamagai Formation since the 1990-2000s has yielded five species of bear dogs, recently described by Jiangzuo et al. (2018), but isolated teeth and jaw fragments are still mostly what are known at the moment. A newly described specimen herein, IVPP V 25223, is from IVPP XJ 200815 locality (Fig. 2B) in the Dingshanyanchi area (Meng et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2009). Ye et al. (2012) described the Duolebulejin section and produced a magnetostratigraphy. Unfortunately, much of the Halamagai Formation are sandstones, coarse-grained sediments unsuitable for magnetic studies. Only two short segments of fine-grained sediments at the top and bottom of the Halamagai Formation yielded useful magnetic results (Ye et al. 2012: fig. 3), consisting of just a few short magnetic chrons in a busy part of the magnetic time scale, not enough to offer much constraint in correlation. Nevertheless, as constrained by fossil mammals within, such as Anchitherium gobiense Colbert, 1939 (Ye et al. 2005), Ye et al. (2012) placed the Halamagai Formation roughly in C5Cn.3n through somewhere in C5A, or about 16-14 Ma. In contrast to the fluviatile sandstones of the middle Miocene Halamagai Formation, the underlying Suosuoquan Formation is mainly a fine-grained red bed of late Oligocene to early Miocene age (Ye et al. 2003; Meng et al. 2013). So far, no carnivoran has been reported in the Suosuoquan Formation. Specimen IVPP V 25222 described in this paper is from IVPP XJ 200910 locality (Fig. 2A) in the Duolebulejin area at the top of the Suosuoquan Formation. This is known as the “Top of Suosuoquan Fauna” (Ye et al. 2001a, b). Constrained by small mammal faunas, Meng et al. (2013: pl. 3.1) magnetically correlated the lower half (up to the S-III assemblage) of the Suosuoquan Formation to C6Cn.3n-C6An.1n, spanning 23.30 Ma of GTS2012 (Vandenberghe et al. 2012) to 20.04 Ma of ATNTS2012 (Hilgen et al. 2012) (Fig. 3). The top part of the Suosuoquan Formation can be as young as 16.8 Ma (Ye et al. 2012). IVPP V 25222 falls within the reversed chron C5Cr (Fig. 3) with a duration of 16.72-17.24 Ma of ATNTS2012. This specimen thus represents the oldest record of Tungurictis in East Asia. DESCRIPTION The maxilla fragments and right dentary of IVPP V 25222 have associated upper and lower teeth. These form the main basis of description, supplemented by additional specimens to evaluate variation. Dental measurements are provided in Tables 1 and 2. Maxilla and upper teeth We interpret the isolated teeth of IVPP V 25222, collected by screen washing from a single site, as belonging to a single individual because they all have the same stage of wear (a young adult) and there are no duplicate teeth from the same side. The left and right maxillae do not preserve much beyond where the cheek teeth are rooted. The floor of the left infraorbital foramen is preserved, and it appears that the anterior opening of this foramen is approximately at the anterior edge of P4. An isolated upper incisor (Fig. 4A) is here identified as a right I3 because of its relatively rounded root, as opposed to the more mesiodistally compressed roots of I1-2, as seen on Tungurictis spocki (IVPP V 13784) (Wang 2004: fig. 1). The crown surface is simple and single-cusped, but with a mesial and distal crest converging toward the tip of the main cusp. The maximum mesiodistal length at the base of the crown is 2.13 mm. A well-preserved right upper canine (Fig. 4B) preserves the entire crown, but much of its root is missing. The cross section at the base of the crown is oval, with a mesiodistal length of 4.72 mm, linguobuccal width of 3.69 mm, and crown height of 13.45 mm. The surface of the crown is smooth, lacking crenulations or grooves. A thin but distinct posterior and anterolingual ridge runs along the entire length of the tooth. An isolated left P1 (Fig. 4C, D) is double-rooted, as in Tungurictis spocki. It measures 5.50 mm in mesiodistal length and 2.33 mm in linguobuccal width. A single main cusp leans forward with a distinct ridge both anterior and posterior to the cusp. An incipient posterior cingular cusp is present and the posterior cingulum is confined to the posterior end of the tooth. The left and right P3s (Fig. 4C, D; Table 1) are wellpreserved. As in P1, the main cusp of P3 is flanked by an anterolingual ridge and a posterior ridge. At the anterior end of the anterolingual ridge is a small cingular cusp, and similarly, the posterior ridge is also terminated by a posterior cingular cusp. Immediately anterior to the posterior cingular cusp is an incipient posterior accessory cusp, more distinct on the left side, at the base of the posterior ridge. There is no buccal cingulum. On the lingual side, there is a distinct bulge just posterior to the main cusp and a cusp-like lingual cingulum. This bulge did not result in a lingual root above the lingual cingulum, as confirmed by an isolated P 3 in IVPP V 25223 (Fig. 6B, C) (on Tungurictis spocki, a lingual bulge also does not result in a third root). The left P4 (Fig. 4C, D; Table 1) is essentially unworn except the very tip of the paracone. This tooth is slender with a long shearing blade. The paracone is the most dominant cusp not only in crown height but also in cusp size. An anterior ridge on the paracone leads up to a small but distinct parastyle separated from the paracone by a notch. There is no buccal cingulum, but a narrow but distinct lingual cingulum. The protocone protrudes forward, its anterior edge being anterior to that of the parastyle. The protocone is slightly taller than the parastyle and is formed by the rising anterior and lingual cingula, i.e., a distinct ridge leads from the protocone tip and continues with the anterior and lingual cingula. There is also a sharp ridge connecting the protocone to the paracone, a condition also seen in Tungurictis spocki. The metastyle blade is of similar height to the protocone and there is a deep carnassial notch separating it from the paracone. An isolated right M1 is present in IVPP V 25223 (Fig. 6A, C; Table 1) It is unworn. The paracone dominates as the tallest cusp and has a distinct lingual crista extending toward the protocone. A parastyle protrudes buccally, forming a prominent lateral bulge. The metacone is about half the size of the paracone and is located in a posterior and lingual position relative to the paracone. The protocone is located at the lingual border and features distinct pre- and postprotocristae. A very indistinct swelling along the buccal end of the postprotocrista indicates the presence of a metaconule. A paraconule is not present. There is no cingulum surrounding any part of the tooth. M2 is not preserved. Dentary and Lower Teeth Several fragmentary dentaries are available, but IVPP V 25222 (Fig. 5A, C, D) and V 11493 (Fig. 5B, E, F) are the best preserved with the most lower teeth. The unworn nature of these teeth permits a clear view of cusp morphology. The following descriptions are mainly based on these two specimens, with additional comments on variations in other specimens where warranted. Overall construction of the horizontal ramus of the dentary is modestly robust and it gently tapers anteriorly, forming a curved lower border. The deepest point of the lower jaw is at the m1. Both IVPP V 25222 and V 11493 preserve two mental foramina. The anterior foramen is located below the anterior root of the p2 and is more than twice as large as the posterior one. The smaller posterior mental foramen is below the anterior root of the p 3 in V 11493 and between the roots of the p 3 in V 25222. The p1 is only present as a single root in IVPP V 25222 and V 11493. The p2 is double-rooted. It has a single main cusp with a small (V 11493) or indistinct (V 25222) posterior cingulum. Distinct anterior and posterior ridges flank the main cusp and there is very vague bulge to suggest an incipient posterior accessory cusp. There is no cingulum on either side of the tooth. The p3 is similar to p2 with the exception of a more distinct posterior accessory cusp, a better-developed posterior cingulum, and an incipient anterior accessory cusp. On IVPP V 25225, the p3 accessory cusps are more prominent than seen in other specimens. The p4 has a distinct anterior accessory cusp, a very strong posterior accessory cusp, and a widened posterior cingulum. The m1 has a much wider trigonid than talonid. The protoconid is the largest and tallest cusp. The paraconid is the second largest and tallest cusp. The posterolingual aspect of the paraconid has a gentle ridge flanking the lingual side and enclosing a slightly concave groove. The metaconid is slightly lower than the paraconid and jutting toward the lingual side. The hypoconid is approximately equal in size to the entoconid in occlusal view, but it is only slightly taller than the latter. A sharp ridge flanks the anterior face of the hypoconid enclosing the labial side of the talonid basin. This ridge connects to a posterior ridge on the posterior face of the protoconid, but is separated from the latter by a thin notch. Posterolingual to the hypoconid is a posterior ridge running down the apex of the hypoconid. This posterior ridge forms an obtuse angle with the anterior ridge of the hypoconid. The entoconid, by contrast, is more cusp-like and pointing somewhat lingually, such that the tip of the entoconid protrudes outside the lingual border of the talonid in occlusal view in IVPP V 11493 (Fig. 5B, E, F). Slightly taller-crowned than the hypoconid, the entoconid flanks the lingual side of the talonid but does not fully enclose the talonid basin. Instead, there is a V-shaped notch anterior to the entoconid such that the basin is open lingually. This notch runs deep to sharply divide the base of the metaconid from that of the entoconid in lingual view. This condition is more pronounced in IVPP V 25222 than in V 11493. The anterior face of the entoconid is mostly rounded, with a vague ridge on its anterolingual surface, but posteriorly the entoconid has a sharp ridge oriented in the posterolabial direction. This posterior ridge continues to the hypoconulid in IVPP V 25222 but is separated from the hypoconulid in IVPP V 11493. Posterolingual to the hypoconid, the hypoconulid forms a thin, ridge-like structure enclosing the posterior aspect of the talonid basin. The hypoconulid is either an independent cusp (V 11493) or a ridge continuous with the entoconid (V 25222). The m2 is only preserved in IVPP V 25222. The m2 crown forms an elongated basin rimed by its trigonid and talonid cusps. The paraconid is absent. The protoconid forms a ridge-like structure along the buccal rim. The ridges fall away from the tip of the protoconid and are oriented longitudinally. Located at the anterolingual corner of the tooth, i.e., more anterior than the protoconid, the metaconid is taller but not much larger than the protoconid. On its buccal side, there is a vague ridge toward the base of the metaconid. Like the protoconid, the hypoconid is a ridge-like structure and is essentially continuous with the protoconid but separated by a notch. As in the m1, the entoconid is taller-crowned than the hypoconid but is much larger in occlusal view. The entoconid is also more posteriorly located at the posterolingual corner of the tooth. This more posteriorly located entoconid, combined with the more anteriorly located metaconid, permits a wider separation between these cusps, resulting in a broad valley on the lingual side that opens into the talonid. On the posterior face of the entoconid, a transversely oriented ridge encloses the posterior aspect of the talonid basin. At the base of this ridge, a slight bulge seems to indicate the presence of a hypoconulid.Published as part of Wang, Xiaoming, Tseng, Z. Jack, Wu, Wen-yu, Ye, Jie, Meng, Jin & Bi, Shundong, 2020, A new species of Tungurictis Colbert, 1939 (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the middle Miocene of Junggar Basin, northwestern China and the early divergence of basal hyaenids in East Asia, pp. 29-45 in Geodiversitas 42 (3) on pages 32-39, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a3, http://zenodo.org/record/369692
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