720 research outputs found
Microbial diversity of a sulfide black smoker in main endeavour hydrothermal vent field, Juan de Fuca Ridge
No full textComparative genomics reveals electron transfer and syntrophic mechanisms differentiating methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea
No full textThe anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction is a microbially mediated process requiring a syntrophic partnership between anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Based on genome taxonomy, ANME lineages are polyphyletic within the phylum Halobacterota, none of which have been isolated in pure culture. Here, we reconstruct 28 ANME genomes from environmental metagenomes and flow sorted syntrophic consortia. Together with a reanalysis of previously published datasets, these genomes enable a comparative analysis of all marine ANME clades. We review the genomic features that separate ANME from their methanogenic relatives and identify what differentiates ANME clades. Large multiheme cytochromes and bioenergetic complexes predicted to be involved in novel electron bifurcation reactions are well distributed and conserved in the ANME archaea, while significant variations in the anabolic C1 pathways exists between clades. Our analysis raises the possibility that methylotrophic methanogenesis may have evolved from a methanotrophic ancestor
Compound control method of neutral point voltage of three level NPC inverter based on the vector method of virtual space and hysteresis control
No full textAmphinemura simifleurdelia Mo & Wang & Yang & Li & Murányi 2020, sp. n.
No full textAmphinemura simifleurdelia sp. n. (Figs. 5–8) Diagnosis. Male: terga IX–X with short spines, epiproct with apically outcurved and downcurved lateral processes and slightly longer, apically upcurved median process, paraproctal median lobe long and apically with a black spine, outer lobe heavily sclerotized and with double apical spines. Female: pregenital plate pale, subgenital plate subquadrate and bicolored with small posteromedial indentation, inner genitalia with a short and stripe-like medial sclerite. Male habitus (Figs. 5 a–5b). Body color brown to dark brown. Head and mouthparts dark brown; antennae brown, and palpi paler; compound eyes black; head wider than pronotum; pronotum brown with paler lateral edges, rectangular with obscure rugosities but older or well sclerotized specimens with distinct dark brown markings; legs brown, femora paler. Wing membranes subhyaline, veins brown. Abdominal segments light brown with darker terminalia. Male (Figs. 5–7). Forewing length 5.3–5.5 mm, hind wing length 4.3–4.5 mm. Tergum IX heavily sclerotized, but lateral area lighter, with subtriangular anterior and posterior indentations, and with two groups of tiny black spines and several long bristles present along mid-posterior margin. (Figs. 6a, 6c, 7a, 7c). Slender vesicle of sternum IX claviform, length 3.0X maximum width, basally and medially constricted. Hypoproct rectangular basally, gradually narrowing toward nipple-like tip (Figs. 6 b–6c, 7b–7c). Tergum X darkly sclerotized, a membranous concavity present below the epiproct, and with two groups of short, black spines on either sides of the epiproct. Cercus slightly sclerotized, short, cylindrical, weakly curved inward, about as long as 2.5X width. Epiproct (Figs. 6a, 6 c–6d, 7a, 7c–7d) subrectangular, trifurcate with a median process and a pair of horn-like lateral processes, the median process slightly longer than lateral processes. Dorsal sclerite with a rectangular membranous basal half; horn-like lateral processes strongly sclerotized, apically outcurved and downcurved with several denticles on both sides of the blunt tip. Ventral sclerite dark and strongly sclerotized, subtriangular in dorsal view, broad at base, tapering toward tip, slightly up-curved apically in lateral view, expanded ventrally into a small ridge with rows of tiny black spines. Paraproct trilobed (Figs. 5 c–5e, 6a–6c, 7a–7c): inner lobe sclerotized, triangular and moderately long; median lobe long and narrow, distinctly sclerotized, strongly curved upward and outward, apically with a black spine in membranous, slightly swollen tip; outer lobe slender and heavily sclerotized, distinctly curved outward apically, and with two short black apical spines. Female (Fig. 8). Forewing length 6.5–6.7 mm, hind wing length 5.5–5.8 mm. Sternum VII produced in a weakly sclerotized semicircular pregenital plate slightly covering anterior half of subgenital plate. Sternum VIII forms sclerotized subquadrate subgenital plate with a triangular anterior notch, posteriorly directed triangular medial area pale and lightly sclerotized, contrasting the mostly dark brown plate. Paragenital plate paired, forming subquadrate brown lobes connected with posterolateral corner of subgenital plate. Sternum IX weakly sclerotized, trapezoidal. Paraprocts short and wide triangular, with blunt tip; cerci short and pale. Inner genitalia (Fig. 8d) membranous, opening under the posteromedial notch of the subgenital plate, having a basal pouch, a pair of leaf-shaped lateromedial sclerites attached above the pouch, and an apical cone; The pouch is armed with a short, longitudinal sclerite well seen by transparency through the subgenital plate; apical cone membranous with an apical circular sclerite ring. Type Material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangdong Province, Maoming City, Xinyi City, Dacheng Town, Yunkaishan National Natural Reserve, the bridge next to the security office at the entrance to the reserve, 966 m, 22º16'34" N, 111º11'43" E, 2018.X.4, light trap, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang. Paratypes: 5 males, 4 females (HIST), same locality and date as holotype; 3 males, 1 female (HIST), Yunkaishan National Natural Reserve, the river at the gate of the reserve, 987 m, 22º16’34”N, 111º11’43”E, 2018.X.5, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang; 5 males, 5 females (GXU), 2 males, 2 females (HNHM), same locality, 2018.X.4, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the similarity to the closely related A. fleurdelia (Wu, 1949). Distribution and ecology. The new species is known from southern China, the type series was collected from a stream at medium elevations of the isolated mountain systems of the Yunkaishan National Natural Reserve, Guangdong Province. Amphinemura simifleurdelia was collected together with A. retusilobata from the same habitat (Figs. 9 a–c), but not in Neichao, the other known locality of that species, suggesting perhaps a more restricted distribution of A. simifleurdelia. Remarks. The new species belongs to the A. sinensis group and closely resembles A. fleurdelia (Wu, 1949). The two species share the following characteristics: tergum X has a pair of paramedial groups of short spines, inner paraproct lobes triangular and outer lobe of paraproct strongly curved outward apically, with two black, short spines. However, ventral sclerite of epiproct is nearly straight in lateral view with slightly upcurved tip, and median paraproct lobes only slightly swollen with a distinct black apical spine in A. simifleurdelia. In A. fleurdelia, apical ventral sclerite of epiproct distinctly curved downward in lateral view and apical median paraproct lobes global with several tiny spines. At a lesser extent, the new species is also resembles A. elongata Li, Yang & Sivec, 2005b from Zhejiang Province in the tergum X, inner and outer paraproct lobes, and ventral sclerite of epiproct in lateral view, but the new species can be separated from A. elongata by the approximately equal length of median and lateral processes of epiproct and slender median paraproct lobes. In A. elongata, the median process is distinctly longer than lateral processes of epiproct, and median paraproct lobes are medially twisted. Amphinemura fleurdelia, A. elongata and A. simifleurdelia may be a species complex within the A. sinensis species group. Amphinemura fleurdelia is also present in Guangdong, specimens were described and illustrated by Li et al. (2005b: Figs. 6 –11). Discovery of further populations are needed to evaluate morphological and genetic variability within the complex, but distinction at species level seems reasonable, since several specimens in the known populations explain stable morphological characters. A single male, deposited in the National Museum Prague (Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Dadongshan, border of mixed forest, 690 m, 24°56.0’ N, 112°42.9’ E, 2013.IV.18–21, collected at light, J. Hájek, J. Růžička), may represents a further species, distinguished by several spines on the outer lobe of the paraproct and shorter median process of the epiproct. However, this taxon will not be described until additional specimens become available for study.Published as part of Mo, Raorao, Wang, Guoquan, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai & Murányi, Dávid, 2020, Two new species of the Amphinemura sinensis group (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from southern China, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 4820 (2) on pages 343-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/439776
Amphinemura retusilobata Mo & Wang & Yang & Li & Murányi 2020, sp. n.
No full textAmphinemura retusilobata sp. n. (Figs. 1–4) Diagnosis. Male: tergum IX with short spines, tergum X with long spines, epiproct with apically notched lateral processes that are shorter than median process, paraproctal outer lobe slender, median lobe flat in lateral view and the tip strongly outcurved in dorsal view. Female: pregenital plate large and dark, subgenital plate bicolored and posteriorly bilobed with deep and wide medial indentation, inner genitalia with a pair of stripe-like medial sclerites. Male habitus (Figs. 1 a–1b). Body color brown to dark brown. Head and mouthparts dark brown; antennae brown, and palpi paler; compound eyes black; head wider than pronotum; pronotum brown, rectangular with obscure rugosities, but pronotum of older or well-sclerotized specimens, trapezoidal with distinct dark brown markings; legs brown. Wing membranes subhyaline, veins brown. Abdominal segments light brown with darker terminalia. Male (Figs. 1–3). Forewing length 5.2–5.4 mm, hind wing length 4.3–4.4 mm. Tergum IX sclerotized, rather constricted medially, with triangular anterior and posterior indentations, and with two groups of tiny black spines and several long bristles present along posterior margin (Figs. 2a, 2c, 3a, 3c). Slender vesicle of sternum IX claviform, length 4.2X maximum width, constricted basally and slightly constricted medially. Hypoproct rectangular basally, gradually narrowing toward nipple-like tip (Figs. 2 b–2c, 3b–3c). Tergum X sclerotized, a membranous concavity present below the epiproct, bearing two groups of strong black spines on either sides of the epiproct. Cercus slightly sclerotized, cylindrical and weakly curved inward, as long as 2.5X width. Epiproct (Figs. 2a, 2 c–2d, 3a, 3c–3d,) subrectangular, trifurcate with a slender median process and a pair of lateral processes, the median process much longer than bifid lateral processes. Dorsal sclerite with a broadly oval, membranous basal half; lateral processes strongly sclerotized, straight but apically slightly outcurved and downcurved, apex with several small denticles and an outer semicircular lobe, tip blunt. Ventral sclerite light colored but sclerotized, triangular, tapering toward tip; apical half up-curved but bent downward apically in lateral view; ventrally expanding into a triangular ridge with a row of small black spines. Paraproct trilobed (Figs. 1 c–1d, 2, 3a–3c): inner lobe triangular, moderately long; median lobe long, the apical half strongly sclerotized in a triangular stripe ending in acute spine, apex strongly curved upwards, bear 0–2 black, long spines medially and numerous long spines along its membranous tip, seems rotated in dorsal view; outer lobe slender, sclerotized and slightly curved outward with a black, long spine at tip but the spine may lacking. Female (Fig. 4). Forewing length 6.0– 6.7 mm, hind wing length 5.1–5.8 mm. Sternum VII produced in a large, darkly sclerotized semicircular pregenital plate, covering anterior portion of subgenital plate. Sternum VIII forms bilobed subgenital plate with a deep medial indentation; the plate is lightly sclerotized medially, while lateral parts and the posterior lobes are dark. Paragenital plate paired, forming banded brownish lobe connected with posterolateral corner of subgenital plate. Sternum IX trapezoidal, full sclerotized. Paraprocts brown, wide triangular with blunt, rounded tip; cerci brownish, short. Inner genitalia (Fig. 4d) mostly membranous, inverted triangular, opening under the forked medial indention of the subgenital plate; a pair of stripe-like medial sclerites present beneath the apical tube that leads into oviductus; medial sclerites linked to medial portion of subgenital plate; apical tube distinctly sclerotized at base. Type Material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Guangdong Province, Maoming City, Xinyi City, Dacheng Town, Yunkaishan National Natural Reserve, the bridge next to the security office at the entrance to the reserve, 966 m, 22º16'34" N, 111º11'43" E, 2018.X.4, light trap, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang. Paratypes: 2 males, 2 females (HIST), same locality and date as holotype; 10 males, 2 females (HIST), Yunkaishan National Natural Reserve, the river at the gate of the reserve, 987 m, 22º16’34”N, 111º11’43”E, 2018.X.5, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang; 4 males (GXU), 2 males (HNHM), 8 females (HIST), same locality, 2018. X.4, Raorao Mo, Fengping Qin, Wei Liu, Shuai Tang; 1 teneral male with weakly developed paraproct, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning City, Wuming County, Liangjiang Town, Neichao, Longmugou River, 220 m, 23°29′40”N, 108°21′37”E, 2015.III.24, Junyi Li, Shan Li, Weihai Li, Dávid Murányi; same section of Long-mugou River, 198 m, 23°29′39”N, 108°21′36”E, 2020.V.18, Raorao Mo, Yan Lai, Yingying Mo; 1 female, lower section of Longmugou River, 194 m, 23°29′33”N, 108°21′29”E, 2020.V.19, Raorao Mo, Yan Lai, Yingying Mo; 1 female, lower section of Longmugou River, 186 m, 23°29′57”N, 108°21′21”E, 2020.V.21, Raorao Mo, Yan Lai, Yingying Mo. Etymology. The name refers to the lateral processes of the male epiproct with an apical notch. Latin “retusus” means notch, and “lobus” means projection. Distribution and ecology. The new species is known from southern China, the type series was collected from low and medium elevations of two isolated mountain systems of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces. The two mountain ranges are separated nearly by 300 km. Collected in foothill and medium elevation habitats, A. retusilobata is expected occur more widely in southern China. The type locality in Guangdong is a variable stony stream with dense riparian vegetation (Figs. 9 a–c). In Guangxi, the specimens were collected from the Longmugou River, a small foothill stream (Fig. 9d). Its upper section habitat was described and illustrated in Mo et al. (2019b: Fig. 10d), under the name Neichao River. Remarks. The new species is a distinctive member of the A. sinensis group, only resembling A. viet Stark & Sivec, 2010, a species described from northern Vietnam. The two species share a similar tergum X, inner paraproct lobe, ventral sclerite of epiproct, and dorsal sclerite of epiproct that is armed with an outer apical notch on the lateral processes. However, A. retusilobata can be easily separated from A. viet by the median lobe of paraproct which is flat in lateral view and the tip strongly outcurved in dorsal view, the median process of epiproct is much longer than lateral processes and the bifid lateral processes are having blunt apex (Figs. 1 c–1d, 2–3). In A. viet, the median lobe of paraproct is slightly club-shaped in lateral view, and swollen outside of the tip in dorsal view; median process and lateral processes subequal in length, and the lateral processes with an acute apex (figs. 24–26, Stark & Sivec 2010). In addition, outer paraproctal lobes of A. viet may be obscure, not mentioned or figured in the original description by Stark & Sivec (2010). The outer paraproct lobes of A. retusilobata are slender, distinctly sclerotized, usually with a black apical spine. The female is less distinctive, but can be identified by the combination of presence of large and dark pregenital plate, bicolored and posteriorly widely bilobed subgenital plate, and a pair of stripe–like medial sclerites of the inner genitalia.Published as part of Mo, Raorao, Wang, Guoquan, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai & Murányi, Dávid, 2020, Two new species of the Amphinemura sinensis group (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from southern China, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 4820 (2) on pages 338-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4820.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/439776
Local gradient estimates for nonlinear elliptic equations
No full textAbstractIn this paper we obtain local Lq, q⩾p, gradient estimates for weak solutions of elliptic equations of p-Laplacian type with small BMO coefficients
Spatially-explicit modelling of grassland classes - an improved method of integrating a climate-based classification model with interpolated climate surfaces
No full textSpatially-explicit modelling of grassland classes is important to site-specific planning for improving grassland and environmental management over large areas. In this study, a climate-based grassland classification model, the Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System (CSCS) was integrated with spatially interpolated climate data to classify grassland in Gansu province, China. The study area is characterized by complex topographic features imposed by plateaus, high mountains, basins and deserts. To improve the quality of the interpolated climate data and the quality of the spatial classification over this complex topography, three linear regression methods, namely an analytic method based on multiple regression and residues (AMMRR), a modification of the AMMRR method through adding the effect of slope and aspect to the interpolation analysis (M-AMMRR) and a method which replaces the IDW approach for residue interpolation in M-AMMRR with an ordinary kriging approach (I-AMMRR), for interpolating climate variables were evaluated. The interpolation outcomes from the best interpolation method were then used in the CSCS model to classify the grassland in the study area. Climate variables interpolated included the annual cumulative temperature and annual total precipitation. The results indicated that the AMMRR and M-AMMRR methods generated acceptable climate surfaces but the best model fit and cross validation result were achieved by the I-AMMRR method. Twenty-six grassland classes were classified for the study area. The four grassland vegetation classes that covered more than half of the total study area were "cool temperate-arid temperate zonal semi-desert", "cool temperate-humid forest steppe and deciduous broad-leaved forest", "temperate-extra-arid temperate zonal desert", and "frigid per-humid rain tundra and alpine meadow". The vegetation classification map generated in this study provides spatial information on the locations and extents of the different grassland classes. This information can be used to facilitate government agencies' decision-making in land-use planning and environmental management, and for vegetation and biodiversity conservation. The information can also be used to assist land managers in the estimation of safe carrying capacities which will help to prevent overgrazing and land degradation
Praise or Criticism? How Should Teachers Give Effective Feedback in the Classroom Teaching?
No full textTere are many factors that affect students' academic performance. Early studies emphasized students’ existing foundations, their own abilities (Stigler, Lee & Stevenson, 1986), family factors (Wang, 2015), school or class organizational structure (Angrist, & Lavy, 1999; Häkkinen, Kirjavainen & Uusitalo, 2003), cultural factors (Stigler, Stevenson, 2005; Geary, Bow-Thomas, Fan & Siegler, 1993) and other influences on their academic performance. However, the research on the influence of teacher factors has only received attention since the 1980s. Researchers explored the relationship between teachers’ classroom behavior and students’ academic performance, trying to focus on the teaching process (Lockheed & Komenan, 1989), teacher guidance (Brophy, 1988), teacher feedback (Gettinger, & Stoiber, 1999), Teacher planning and preparation (Peterson, Marx & Clark, 1978) explored the causes that can significantly affect students' academic performance
Flavoperla galerispina Mo & Wang & Li 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Flavoperla galerispina</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1–5)</p> <p> <b>Adult habitus</b>. Biocellate. Male adult color yellow, and paler in alcohol. Head pale yellow with a Y-shaped yellow markings interrupted medially between ocelli, anterolaterally extending along M-line, bearing a small subtriangular patch forward of M-line; antennae brown, scape paler; palpi pale brown; head slightly wider than pronotum (Figs. 1a, 2a). Pronotum yellow, rectangular, with paler rugosities; corners obtuse. Wing membrane pale yellow, veins yellow; legs, abdominal segments and cerci yellow.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (Figs. 1a, 2–3). Forewing length 7.7–8.9 mm. Hindwing 6.7–7.7 mm. Tergum 10 with quadrangular epiproct sclerite lying between, and caudal to paired sclerotized triangular spines (Figs. 2 b–2c); epiproctal sclerite divided by small membranous triangular area. Paraprocts curved forward, hook-shaped, pointed and tips dark brown. Hammer bell-shaped, basal half broad, tapering to a nipple-like brown pigmented apex in ventral aspect with sclerotized anterior extensions; apex swollen and curved upward in lateral view (Figs. 3a, 3 c–3d). Everted aedeagus (Figs. 2b, 2d, 3 a–3c) dorsally bearing a membranous oval unpigmented structure with a notch tip, surrounded by four swellings (Figs. 2b, 2d); venter quadrate, mostly membranous without pigmented apex, strongly constricted ⅓ of the base bearing a cap-shaped patch of brown triangular spines (Figs. 3 a–3c).</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (Figs. 1a, 4 a–4d). Forewing length 9.6–10.0 mm, hindwing length 8.6–8.7 mm. Habitus generally similar to male except body color darker. Abdomens of collected females full of mature eggs. Subgenital plate broadly rounded, reaching beyond midpoint of sternum 10. Sternum 9 slightly sclerotized, deeply emarginate medially and distinctly flanged anteriorly. Sternum 10 poorly sclerotized.</p> <p> <b>Egg</b> (Figs. 4 e–4f, 5). Length 0.38–0.43 mm, width 0.26–0.31 mm (N=6). Outline oval shape with distinct opercular line, widest in subequatorial area towards opercular end. Anchor mushroom-shaped, with globular bodies evenly distributed and not grouped. Collar short but distinctly flanged, with heavy meshwork of large irregular shaped follicle cell impressions (FCIs) towards collar rim. Chorionic surface covered with shallow and distinct punctations throughout, FCIs recognizable only on collar end. Micropylar orifices sessile, much larger than punctations, set on subequatorial line.</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. Holotype: male (HIST), CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin City, Multinational Autonomous County of Longsheng, at gate of Huaping National Nature Reserve, 25°37’37’’ N, 109°54’41” E, 734 m, 2019.VIII.31, light trap, Guoquan Wang, Raorao Mo, Liangxin Liu, Fengping Qin, Yingying Mo. Paratypes: 4 males and 1 female (HIST), same data and date as holotype; 2 females (HIST), same location as holotype, 2019.VIII.30, light trap.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name refers to the cap-shaped ventral patch of brown triangular spines of aedeagus. Latin “galerus” means cap and “spina” means spine.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The aedeagus of the male of the new species is unique among all known species of <i>Flavoperla,</i> and easily distinguishes it from congeners. The broadly rounded subgenital plate of the female of <i>F. galerispina</i> is similar to <i>F. basomarginata</i> Chen, 2019, a species recently described from Sichuan Province of southwestern China, and two Vietnamese species, <i>F. dao</i> and <i>F. hmong</i> described by Stark & Sivec (2008). However, <i>F. galerispina</i> may be easily separated from these species by the head pattern and male structures. In addition, details of hammer of sternum 9 and triangular caudal spines of tergum 10 of the <i>F. galerispina</i> is most similar to that of <i>F. basomarginata</i>. However, the new species can be distinguished from <i>F. basomarginata</i> by the brownish Y-shaped head pattern, hook-shaped paraprocts and unique patch of spines on the base of aedeagus.</p>Published as part of <i>Mo, Raorao, Wang, Guoquan & Li, Weihai, 2020, A new species of Flavoperla Chu, 1929 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China, pp. 565-572 in Zootaxa 4732 (4)</i> on pages 565-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.4.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3667372">http://zenodo.org/record/3667372</a>
A gadolinium (III)–containing complex based on nitronyl nitroxide ligand: Structure and magnetic property study
No full text- …
