16,466 research outputs found
Wang Shuo and the commercialisation of contemporary Chinese culture
Get PDFThis thesis examines the commercialisation of Chinese culture that has taken place over the past twenty years in mainland China. It explores the contribution of Wang Shuo, a cultural figure who straddles different fields of culture, moving from literature to the ultimate mass culture medium of television, this study plots Wang Shuo' s development from educational failure, to business failure, to fiction writer, film & TV editor, film director and cultural critic and analyst. His stories, films, TV series and articles have caused shock-waves throughout national cultural circles as he has transformed the terms of the debate from academic discourse to a validation of the role of the market in the culture field. Although Wang Shuo has not been labelled as a dissident, his approach to the culture market has had a more subversive effect on official ideology that those overt dissidents who have had to live in exile or have been imprisoned. He has utilised the language of official ideology to satirise the authorities, turning the ideology and its supporters into figures of fun. Yet his own goals have been strictly personal and economic ones. The authorities recognize the value of Wang Shuo's work in the cultural market but at the same time distrust his works and place him under strict censorship. Examining the way Wang Shuo and people surround him have succeeded in different fields of cultural achievement is a mirror to understanding the process of the transformation of contemporary Chinese culture from a socialist state-controlled culture to a market-oriented mass culture industry
Pseudopestalotiopsis indocalami Qi Yang & Yong Wang
No full textPseudopestalotiopsis indocalami Qi Yang & Yong Wang bis, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) MycoBank: MB 842469 Index Fungorum: IF 559462. Etymology. indocalami, refers to the host plant (Indocalamus tessellatus) from which the fungus was isolated. Type. China, Hainan Province, Wanning City, from leaves of Indocalamus tessellatus, 14 November 2020, YK He, HGUP 1072, holotype, ex-type living culture GUCC 21600. Disease symptom: Associated with leaf spots of Indocalamus tessellatus. Leaf spots 12–68 mm diam., irregular to subcircular, brown, slightly sunken, scattered. Small auburn spots appeared initially and then gradually enlarge, changing to reddish-brown circular ring spots with a dark mahogany border and jagged edge. Description: Asexual morph: Colonies on PDA reaching 6–7 cm in diam. after 7 d at room temperature (28 ˚C), under 12 hours of light-dark alternation. Mycelium light pink to light yellow, colonies filamentous to circular, slightly undulate at edge, whitish, with clustered black fruiting bodies, obviously filiform and fluffy margin, light pink from above and light yellow from reverse. Conidiomata pycnidial, 200–400 μm diam., globose, solitary, black, semiimmersed on PDA, exuding brown to dark brown mass of conidia. Conidiophores often reduced to conidiogenous cell, regularly septate and branched at the base. Conidiogenous cells mostly integrated, ampulliform, cylindrical, or clavate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia fusiform to clavate, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 24–31 × 4.5–6.5 (x = 27.5 × 5.4 µm), basal cell cylindrical to obconic, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, 2.5–5.5 µm (x = 3.9 µm) long, three median cells 14–18.5 µm (x = 16.2 µm) long, concolourous, dark brown with darker septa, second cell from base 4–7 µm (x = 5.6 µm) long, third cell 3–6 µm (x = 4.4 µm) long, fourth cell 4–6.5 µm (x = 5.3 µm) long, apical cell 3.5–6.5 µm (x = 4.8 µm) long, cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, hyaline, with 2–4 (mostly 3) tubular apical appendages, arising from the apex of the apical cell each at different points, 14–28 µm (x = 19.7 µm) long, basal appendage usually present, single, tubular, unbranched, 4–6.5 µm (x = 5.1 µm) long. Sexual morph: undetermined. Notes: Pseudopestalotiopsis indocalami (GUCC 21600) formed an independent branch in the phylogeny (Fig. 1) and was related to P. curvatispora (MFLUCC 17-1722 T, MFLUCC 17-1723, MFLUCC 17-1747). Comparing the three gene regions of GUCC 21600 and P. curvatispora there was only one basepair difference in the ITS region, but five in tub2 and 15 in the tef1 region (TABLE 2). Pseudopestalotiopsis curvatispora has smaller conidia than P. indocalami ((18.5–)22–25(–26.5) × (6–)6.5–7 µm), only 1–2 apical appendages and a longer basal appendage ((5.5–)9–12(–13.5) µm) (Norphanphoun et al. 2019). Thus, P. indocalami is considered to be a novel taxon.Published as part of Yang, Qi, He, Yu-Ke, Yuan, Jun & Wang, Yong, 2022, Two new Pseudopestalotiopsis species isolated from Celtis sinensis and Indocalamus tessellatus plants in southern China, pp. 274-282 in Phytotaxa 543 (5) on pages 279-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/647941
Pseudopestalotiopsis celtidis Qi Yang & Yong Wang
No full textPseudopestalotiopsis celtidis Qi Yang & Yong Wang bis, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) MycoBank: MB 842468 Index Fungorum: IF 559463 Etymology. celtidis refers to the host plant (Celtis sinensis) from which the fungus was isolated. Type. China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, from leaves of Celtis sinensis, 20 June 2018, J. Yuan, HGUP 538, holotype, ex-type living culture GUCC 21599. Disease symptom: Pathogenic, causing spots on leaves of Celtis sinensis. Leaf spots irregular to circular in shape, brown, 7–12 mm diam., slightly sunken, scattered. Small auburn spots appear initially and then gradually enlarge, changing to off-white circular ring spots with a dark mahogany border and jagged edge. Description: Asexual morph: Colonies on PDA reaching 7–8.5 cm diam. after 7 d at room temperature (28 ˚C), under 12 hours of light-dark alternation. Mycelium light pink to off-white, filamentous, circular, slightly undulate at edge, whitish, with black clustered fruiting bodies, filiform and fluffy margin, white from above and light yellow from reverse. Conidiomata pycnidial, 100–600 µm in diam., globose, solitary, black, semi-immersed on PDA, exuding brown to dark brown mass of conidia. Conidiophores branched or unbranched, hyaline or light brown, thin-walled. Conidiogenous cells discrete, ampuliform to lageniform, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth. Conidia fusiform to clavate, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 21.5–29.5 × 6.5–9 (x = 25.4 × 7.4 µm), basal cell cylindrical to obconic, hyaline or sometimes pale brown, thin-walled, smooth, 2.5–5.5 µm (x = 3.7 µm), the three median cells 14–20 µm (x = 17.6 µm), concolourous, dark brown with darker septa, second cell from base 5–8 µm (x = 6.4 µm), third cell 3.5–6.5 µm (x = 4.9 µm), fourth cell 4.5–7 µm (x = 5.8 µm), apical cell 2–4.5 µm (x = 3.3 µm), cylindrical to sub-cylindrical, hyaline, with 1–3 (mostly 2) tubular apical appendages, arising from the apex of the apical cell each at different points, flexuous, 8–18 µm (x = 12.4 µm) long, basal appendage often present, single, tubular, unbranched (or rarely branched), short, 1.5–4 µm (x = 2.8 µm) long. Sexual morph: undetermined. Notes: The phylogenetic tree supported GUCC 21599 as sister to P. annellata (NTUCC 17-030 T) with high support (Fig. 1). Comparing the two strains there were 11 base pai differences in ITS, one character difference in tub2, and eight characters differences in tef1 (TABLE 2). In morphology, Pseudopestalotiopsis celtidis was morphologically similar to P. annellata. However, P. annellata can be distinguished by the different number of apical appendages (2–3), longer apical appendages ((18–)22–32(–35) µm) and longer basal appendages ((4–)5–7(–8) µm) (Tsai et al. 2021). Thus, P. celtidis is introduced as a new species.Published as part of Yang, Qi, He, Yu-Ke, Yuan, Jun & Wang, Yong, 2022, Two new Pseudopestalotiopsis species isolated from Celtis sinensis and Indocalamus tessellatus plants in southern China, pp. 274-282 in Phytotaxa 543 (5) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/647941
Inducing Human Capital Formation: Migration as a Substitute for Subsidies
Get PDFWhen productivity is fostered by an individual's own human capital as well as by the economy-wide average level of human capital, individuals under-invest in human capital. The provision of subsidies for the formation of human capital, conditional on the subsidy being self-financed by tax revenues, can bring the economy to its socially optimal level of human capital. Yet a strictly positive probability of migration to a richer country, by raising both the level of human capital formed by optimizing individuals in the home country and the average level of human capital of non-migrants in the country, can enhance welfare and nudge the economy toward the social optimum. Indeed, under a well-controlled, restrictive migration policy the welfare of all workers is higher than in the absence of this policy.Migration, Human capital formation, Externalities, Social welfare
Optimal beaconing control for epidemic routing in delay tolerant networks
No full textOwing to the uncertainty of transmission opportunities between mobile nodes, the routing in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) exploits the mechanism of opportunistic forwarding. Energy-efficient algorithms and policies for DTN are crucial to maximizing the message delivery probability while reducing the delivery cost. In this contribution, we investigate the problem of energy-efficient optimal beaconing control in a DTN. We model the message dissemination under variable beaconing rate with a continuous-time Markov model. Based on this model, we then formulate the optimization problem of the optimal beaconing control for epidemic routing and obtain the optimal threshold policy from the solution of this optimization problem. Furthermore, through extensive numerical results, we demonstrate that the proposed optimal threshold policy significantly outperforms the static policy with constant beaconing rate in terms of system energy consumption savings
Song, Y., Geng, K., Zhang, B., Hyde, K.D., Zhao, W.-S., Wei, J.-G., Kang, J.-C. & Wang, Y. (2013) Two new species of Pestalotiopsis from Southern China. Phytotaxa 126 (1), 22–30.<br />
No full textSONG, YU, GENG, KUN, ZHANG, BIN, HYDE, KEVIN D., ZHAO, WEN-SHENG, WEI, JI-GUANG, KANG, JI-CHUAN, WANG, YONG (2013): Song, Y., Geng, K., Zhang, B., Hyde, K.D., Zhao, W.-S., Wei, J.-G., Kang, J.-C. & Wang, Y. (2013) Two new species of Pestalotiopsis from Southern China. Phytotaxa 126 (1), 22–30.<br>. Phytotaxa 135 (1): 64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.135.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.135.1.
Mucor tofus Y. N. Wang & R. Y. Zheng 2022, sp. nov.
No full textMucor tofus Y. N. Wang & R. Y. Zheng, sp. nov. Fig. 3 Index Fungorum: IF559755 Etymology:— Referring to the substrate tofu, a soft white or brown food made from soybeans, from which the species was first isolated. Typification:— CHINA. Anhui Province: Xiuning County, Lantian Town, from raw Mao-tofu, 5 April 2021, Yaning Wang, HMAS 352141 (holotype); prepared from CGMCC 3.16317 (ex-holotype). Description: — Colonies on PDA attaining 9 cm diam. and 25 mm in height after 4 days incubation at 24 °C, growing well at 20–26 °C, development ceased at 33 °C or above, deep olive-buff (Ridgway Plate XL); reverse olivebuff (Ridgway Plate XL). Tall sporangiophores arising directly from the substrate, erect, (10–)15–30 µm in diam. and up to 10 mm in length, often with irregular swelling and no septation when young, then smooth and septate with age, with or without yellowish contents, numerous droplets adhering to walls; lateral sporangiophores sympodially branched, (3–)5–10 µm diam. and 80–340 µm long, smooth, with one septum, hyaline. Sporangia globose and multispored, initially yellowish then yellowish-brown, axial ones 70–260 µm, lateral ones 40–100 µm, walls covered with fine spines, breaking. Columellae obovoid, 30–170 × 35–210 µm, pyriform to cylindric, 50–190 × 70–120 µm, mostly hyaline, rarely yellowish. Collars present or absent. Sporangiospores irregular in shape and size, 8–20(–25) × 5–15(– 20) µm when ovoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid, 10–25 × 8–20 µm when irregular, hyaline, smooth. Chlamydospores not observed. Zygospores unknown. Material examined: — CHINA. Anhui Province: Xiuning County, Lantian Town, from the surface of raw Maotofu, 5 April 2021, Ya-ning Wang, cultures CGMCC 3.16316 and CGMCC 3.16317.Published as part of Wang, Ya-Ning & Zheng, Ru-Yong, 2022, Mucor tofus, a new species isolated from Mao-tofu (a fermented soybean food) in China, pp. 233-244 in Phytotaxa 567 (3) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/715668
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of the genus Ptychozoon (Squamata: Gekkonidae), representing a new national record of this genus from southern Yunnan Province, China
No full textFIGURE 4. Broken tail of the holotype SYS r001242. A: ventral view; B: dorsal view; C: the terminal tail flap.Published as part of Wang, Ying-Yong Wang Jian & Liu, Zu-Yao, 2016, Zootaxa 4084 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/105220
Fig. 8. Key 1H–1H in Prenylated C -C derivatives from the stems and branches of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith with antiviral activity
No full textFig. 8. Key 1H–1H COSY, HMBC and ROESY correlations of compounds 10 and 10a.Published as part of Zhang, Jian-Pei, Li, Wen-Rui, Wu, Shuo, Wang, Xiao-Jing, Wang, Ru-Bing, Li, Mi, Su, Guo-Zhu, Wang, Hai-Qiang, Yong, Jin-Yao, Yang, Jia, Li, Li, Li, Yu-Huan & Ma, Shuang-Gang, 2021, Prenylated C -C derivatives from the stems and branches of Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Smith with antiviral activity, pp. 1-11 in Phytochemistry (112935) 192 on page 7, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112935, http://zenodo.org/record/825748
Rhopalomastix impithuksai Wang & Yong & Jaitrong 2021, sp. nov.
No full textRhopalomastix impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DC6C24A1-9813-4DED-8B83-150BBCCFA291 Figs 2a, 3 (worker), 4 (male), 16a Diagnosis Worker Monomorphic with broad size variation (HL 0.4–0.55; HW 0.44–0.52). Head in full-face view subquadrate, lateral margins broadly convex and nearly parallel (Fig. 3a). In profile, short dorsal clypeal face nearly flat or weakly convex and downward sloping, differentiated from steep and mostly flat anterior clypeal face by indistinct rounded edge (Fig. 3c). Dorsal outline of mesosoma very weakly and broadly convex, almost entirely flat (Fig. 3d). In dorsal view, anterior margin of pronotal disc (thereinafter defined as an area excluding the pronotal collar) broadly convex, humeral corners rounded and indistinctly angulate especially in small worker, lateral margins of propodeum broadly convex with rounded posterolateral corners, posterior propodeal margin indistinct and weakly concave (Fig. 3b). Mandible with upper half of outer face finely striate, lower half mostly smooth and shining (Fig. 2a). Median clypeal face carinulate, interspaces punctate and weakly shiny; supraclypeal area with darkpigmented carinae (Fig. 3a). Narrow vertexal area adjacent to and along posterior margin of head without standing hairs, hairs on gena sparser posteriorly, posterolateral face with sparse or no hairs. Anterior rising face of petiole with sparse and few decumbent and standing hairs, mostly close to apex. Vertexal area of head dorsum anterior to median concavity of posterior margin darker blackish-brown compared to rest of head (Fig. 3a). Male Moderately large size. Head in full-face view subcircular, distinctly wider than long with broadly convex posterior margin (Fig. 4a); in lateral view, head dorsum almost flat, ventral margin strongly convex without distinct posteroventral angle (Fig. 4b); dorsal clypeal face rounding into weakly convex anterior clypeal face at indistinct rounded edge (Fig. 4b). Median ocellus suboval and similar to lateral ocelli in size and shape (Fig. 4a, c). Frontal lobes shallowly raised and indistinctly differentiated from supraclypeal area; posterior apex of supraclypeal area emarginate and continuous with narrow median furrow between frontal lobes (Fig. 4a). In lateral view, anterodorsal face of mesoscutum distinctly higher than anterior face of pronotum (Fig. 4e). In posterior view, posterior propodeal face emarginate, rounding into and undifferentiated from lateral propodeal face. Etymology The species is named after Dr Viroch Impithuksa, whose assistance was vital for the discovery of the former. Material examined Holotype THAILAND • worker; Northeast Thailand, Sakhon Nakhon Province, Phu Phan Ratchaniwet Palace; 17 Jun. 2018; W. Jaitrong leg.; nest in bark of mango tree; colony code: WJT170618-5; THNHM-I-21751. Paratypes THAILAND • 7 workers; same collection data as for holotype; THNHM-I-21752 to THNHM-I-21758 • 6 workers, 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; GenBank: MW267045 to MW267048 (4 workers barcoded); ZRC_ENT00007608. Description Worker Measurements. Paratype workers (n = 5): EL 0.07–0.1; EW 0.05–0.06; HL 0.47–0.55; HW 0.44–0.52; ML 0.54–0.70; PronW 0.28–0.36; PtH 0.16–0.20; PtL 0.17–0.22; SL 0.18–0.20; TL 1.84–2.30; CI 94– 96; PtHI 84–100; REL 16–21; SI 38–41. Monomorphic workers with broad intranidal size variation. Head in full-face view subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, in large worker head wider posteriorly, in small worker width of head mostly uniform throughout entire length; posterior margin broadly and weakly convex with a shallow median concavity, posterolateral corners roundly convex, lateral margins of head weakly convex and nearly parallel; median furrow short, distinctly much wider and more shallow in posterior half; anterior clypeal margin with broadly convex median section (Fig. 3a). Eye with 12–17 ommatidia. Supraclypeal area with darkpigmented longitudinal carinae, posterior apex carinate and acute, distinctly inserted between frontal lobes and raised above deep anterior end of median furrow. In lateral view, clypeus projecting strongly from dorsal margin of head, short dorsal clypeal face nearly flat or weakly convex and downward sloping, differentiated from steep and mostly flat or weakly convex anterior clypeal face by indistinct rounded edge (Fig. 3c). Mesosoma in lateral view box-shaped or subcylindrical (generally in smaller workers), dorsal outline very weakly and broadly convex, almost entirely flat, propodeal junction roundly obtuse, propodeal declivity steep and shallowly concave; propodeal dorsum differentiated from posterior declivitous face by weak marginate edge (Fig. 3d). In dorsal view, mesosoma subrectangular, anterior margin of pronotal disc broadly convex, humeral corners rounded and indistinctly angulate especially in smaller workers, lateral margins of propodeum broadly convex, transitioning to posterior propodeal margin at bluntly rounded posterolateral corners; posterolateral corners weakly projected posteriorly and shallowly differentiated from inner poster propodeal face; posterior propodeal margin indistinct and weakly concave (Fig. 3b). Posterior face of propodeum weakly marginate, rounding into lateral propodeal face at indistinct angulate edge. In lateral view, petiole subtriangular, inclined posteriorly, slightly longer than high or sometimes as long as high, anterior face steep and weakly concave; apex roundly convex, apical dorsum rounding into weakly convex posterior face at indistinct rounded edge, posterior face steeper and shorter than anterior face (Fig. 3d). Petiole higher and longer than postpetiole, dorsal margin of postpetiole weakly convex. In dorsal view, petiole suboval, wider than long; postpetiole globular, less than twice as wide as petiole. Dorsum of head largely finely substriate and shiny with scattered punctures, lateral face largely superficially substriate-reticulate with scattered punctures and interspaces smooth and shining. Ventral face of posterior half of head mostly superficially reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining. Mandible in full-face view with upper half of outer face finely striate, lower half mostly smooth and shining, area immediately adjacent to masticatory margin punctate (Fig. 2a). Median clypeal face carinulate, interspaces punctate and weakly shiny (Fig. 3a). Lateral face of mesosoma largely substriate- reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining (Fig. 3d); dorsum of mesosoma finely striate and shiny (Fig. 3b); posterior face of propodeum superficially and weakly reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining. Lateral faces of petiole and postpetiole superficially substriate-reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining (Fig. 3d), apicodorsal faces superficially reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining. Gaster superficially reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining, sculpture on first gastral tergite stronger than rest of gaster. Dorsum of head largely with fairly dense though well-spaced short erect and suberect hairs interspersed with sparse long erect hairs, narrow vertexal area adjacent to and along posterior margin of head without standing hairs, gena with short erect and decumbent hairs that are sparser posteriorly, posterolateral face with sparse or no hairs. Ventral face of head anteriorly with fairly dense short standing and decumbent hairs, sparser standing hairs posteriorly. Mesosoma dorsum with sparse, scattered short standing hairs mostly closer to dorsolateral margin, paired long erect hairs sparsely present along dorsolateral margin, with one pair each flanking the anterior margin of pronotal disc, pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum, sometimes two pairs flanking propodeum. Anterior rising face of petiole mostly hairless with few decumbent and standing hairs close to apex, posterior declivity with dense short standing hairs; apex of petiolar node with few short erect hairs and 1–2 pairs of long erect hairs. Postpetiole with fairly dense short erect and suberect hairs, and one pair of long erect hairs. Gaster pilose with dense erect and suberect hairs, interspersed with sparse long erect hairs. Head, dorsum of mesosoma and gaster generally dark brown with rest of body more yellowish brown, small worker lighter brown relative to large worker. Vertexal area of head dorsum anterior to median concavity of posterior margin darker blackish-brown compared to rest of head (Fig. 3a), tips of antennae and legs pale yellowish-brown. Male Measurements. One paratype male, antennal funiculi damaged with missing segments (n = 1): TL 2.93; HL 0.46; HW 0.48; SL 0.06; PtH 0.20; PtL 0.28; ML 0.90; MsW 0.50; EL 0.24; EW 0.19; CI 104; PtHI 71; REL 50; SI 13. Moderately large size, similar to R. johorensis male. Head in full-face view subcircular, distinctly wider than long, posterior margin broadly convex (Fig. 4a). Eye very large (20–25 ommatidia in the longest axis); posteriormost point of eye slightly exceeding transverse midline of head, outline of eye bulging distinctly from lateral margin of head (Fig. 4a). Median ocellus suboval, wider than long, similar to lateral ocelli in size and shape; area of head dorsum anterior to median ocellus weakly depressed, continuous with weak median furrow separating frontal lobes; frontal lobes shallowly raised and indistinctly differentiated from supraclypeal area (Fig. 4a, c). Posterior apex of supraclypeal area emarginate, continuous with narrow median furrow between frontal lobes (Fig. 4a). In lateral view, head broad-ovate with almost flat dorsum, dorsal face rounding into posterior face at indistinct edge, posterior margin rounding into strongly convex ventral margin forming a continuous curve with no distinct posteroventral angle; clypeus strongly projecting from dorsum of head, dorsal clypeal face gently sloped downwards and nearly flat, differentiated from weakly convex anterior clypeal face by indistinct rounded edge (Fig. 4b). In lateral view, mesosoma sub-oblong, dorsal margin weakly and broadly convex, propodeal junction roundly obtuse; anterodorsal face of mesoscutum distinctly higher than anterior face of pronotum; propodeal dorsum weakly convex and gently downward sloping, rounding into steep and weakly convex posterior declivity at indistinct rounded posterior edge (Fig. 4e). In posterior view, posterior propodeal face emarginate, rounding into and undifferentiated from lateral propodeal face. In dorsal view, mesosoma obovate, notauli absent, parapsidal line indistinct (Fig. 4d). In lateral view, petiole inclined posteriorly, subtriangular, longer than high, anterior margin long, steep and weakly concave; apex indistinct from posterior face, forming a continuous roundly convex posteroapical face; anteroventral extension of subpetiolar process shallow and subtriangular with rounded apex (Fig. 4e). Dorsal outline of postpetiole weakly convex, differentiated from gaster by a weak but distinct cinctus (Fig. 4e). Area between eye and antennal insertion coarsely rugulose-reticulate with interspaces punctured and weakly shiny (Fig. 4a–b); rest of head substriate-reticulate with dense punctures, and interspaces smooth and shining; area enclosed by ocelli with slightly coarser sculpture; median area immediately anterior to median ocellus and median furrow largely smooth and shining (Fig. 4a, c); clypeus coarsely rugulosereticulate with interspaces punctate and weakly shining (Fig. 4a–b). Lateral face of mesosoma largely superficially substriate-reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining(Fig.4e). In dorsal view, mesoscutum largely superficially substriate-reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining, mesoscutal disc smooth and shining, propodeum superficially reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining (Fig. 4d). Lateral face of petiole weakly substriate-reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining (Fig. 4e), petiolar apex entirely smooth and shining (Fig. 4d). Postpetiole weakly substriate-reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining. Gaster mostly superficially reticulate with interspaces smooth and shining. Dorsum of head with dense short standing hairs; lateral and ventral faces with dense short decumbent and subdecumbent hairs (Fig. 4a–b). Dorsum of pronotum and mesoscutum with dense short standing hairs; posterolateral margins of propodeum with sparse short erect hairs (Fig. 4d–e). Anterior rising face of petiole without hairs, posterodorsal petiolar face including apex with short standing hairs, sparser than those on mesoscutum; dorsum of postpetiole with short erect hairs, slightly more dense than those on petiole. Gaster pilose with dense standing and subdecumbent hairs, ventral gastral hairs slightly less dense than those on gastral dorsum. Body generally dark brown; head excluding clypeus, mesoscutum and mesoscutellar disc blackish brown; dorsum of head especially vertex, frons and area around eye with blackish undertones; antennal scape and legs uniformly greyish brown, 2 nd funicular segment yellowish brown. Distribution Thailand (central, Nakhon Nayok Province) (Fig. 16a). Remarks The worker of R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. is morphologically similar to R. javana, but can be differentiated by the following characters: 1) condition of supraclypeal area – in R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. the supraclypeal area is lined with dark-pigmented longitudinal carinae with posterior apex carinate and usually acute, in R. javana the supraclypeal area does not have such carinae, with posterior apex often indistinct; 2) hairs on anterior face of petiole – in R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. there are few decumbent and standing hairs only present close to the apex, while in R. javana, there are standing hairs uniformly distributed on the entire anterior petiolar face; 3) upper half of outer face of mandible-finely striate in R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., but smooth and shining in R. javana. Rhopalomastix impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. workers may also appear similar to the morphologically variable R. johorensis, but the two species can be distinguished by the aforementioned points (2) and (3). In addition, for R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. the dorsolateral propodeal margins transition to posterior propodeal margin at bluntly rounded posterolateral corners – together with an almost flat propodeal dorsum, these give rise to a roundly obtuse posterior propodeal junction. In contrast, for R. johorensis, the combination of ill-defined posterolateral corners of the propodeum and a gently downward-sloping propodeal dorsum, give rise to an indistinct though broadly-rounded propodeal junction. The large worker of R. impithuksai Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov. is also morphologically similar to smaller workers of R. robusta Wang & Jaitrong sp. nov., but may be differentiated based on characters described in more detail under Remarks for the latter species.Published as part of Wang, Wendy Y., Yong, Gordon W. J. & Jaitrong, Weeyawat, 2021, Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 117-157 in European Journal of Taxonomy 739 (1) on pages 123-128, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.739.1271, http://zenodo.org/record/461056
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