621 research outputs found
Inorganic P model
No full textInorganic P model for global land modelling\nLineage: Wang et al. (2022), Global Biogeochemical Cycles, DOI: 10.1029/2021GB00706
Vertically resolved soil carbon model (model codes and site data)
No full textSources codes and dataset\nDataset: site-information02.xlsx with approval from the data providers (two pdf files)\nmodel codes, input files, output file and readme.txt files are compressed into a single file "model.7z"\n\nThis collection includes source codes, inputs and output files for Wang YP et al. (2021) Microbial activity and root carbon inputs are more important than soil carbon diffusion in simulating soil carbon profiles. JGR: Biogeoscience, Under review\nLineage: Zhang et al. (2020), Tang (2018
Electro-catalytic degradation of sulfisoxazole by using graphene anode
No full textGraphite and graphene electrodes were prepared by using pure graphite as precursor. The electrode materials were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The electro-catalytic activity for degradation of sulfisoxazole (SIZ) was investigated by using prepared graphene or graphite anode. The results showed that the degradation of SIZ was much more rapid on the graphene than that on the graphite electrode. Moreover, the graphene electrode exhibited good stability and recyclability. The analysis on the intermediate products and the measurement of active species during the SIZ degradation demonstrated that indirect oxidation is the dominant mechanism, involving the electro-catalytic generation of UOH and O-2(-) as the main active oxygen species. This study implies that graphene is a promising potential electrode material for long-term application to electro-catalytic degradation of organic pollutants. (C) 2015 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V
Fabrication of a novel lumped electro-absorption modulator with a lower RC-time constant
No full textA novel lumped electro-absorption modulator with a charge layer and an undercut ridge waveguide(DU-EAM) was fabricated and measured. Also, two other kinds of EAM with straight ridge waveguides, one with a charge layer(D-EAM) and another with no charge layer(N-EAM), were fabricated and tested to ensure that the design of the DU-EAM would reduce the RC-time constant. The measured capacitance of the D-EAM and the DU-EAM is lower than that of the N-EAM under reverse bias voltage from-1 to-8 V due to the inserted charge layer. The capacitances of the N-EAM, the D-EAM and the DU-EAM are0.375,0.225 and0.325 pF, respectively, at-3 V. In addition, the DU-EAM had a larger extinction ratio(25 dB at-3 V) and higher modulation efficiency(13 dB/V between-1 and-2 V) than two other straight-ridge-waveguide ones(the D-EAM performed22 dB and10 dB/V, the N-EAM performed20 dB and10 dB/V) due to the5.2μm wider active region.?2011 Chinese Institute of Electronics
Carbon nitride-based Z-scheme heterojunctions for solar-driven advanced oxidation processes
No full textSolar-driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) via direct photodegradation or indirect photocatalytic activation of typical oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and peroxydisulfate (PDS), have been deemed to be an efficient technology for wastewater remediation. Artificial Z-scheme structured materials represent a promising class of photocatalysts due to their spatially separated charge carriers and strong redox abilities. Herein, we summarize the development of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN)-based direct and indirect Z-scheme photocatalysts for solar-driven AOPs in removing organic pollutants from water. In the work, the classification of AOPs, definition and validation of Z-schemes are summarized firstly. The innovative engineering strategies (e.g., morphology and dimensionality control, element doping, defect engineering, cocatalyst loading, and tandem Z-scheme construction) over CN-based direct Z-scheme structure are then examined. Rational design of indirect CN-based Z-scheme systems using different charge mediators, such as solid conductive materials and soluble ion pairs, is further discussed. Through examining the relationship be- tween the Z-scheme structure and activity (charge transfer and separation, light absorption, and reaction kinetics), we aim to provide more insights into the construction strategies and structure modification on CN-based Z-schemes towards improving their catalytic performances in AOPs. Lastly, limitations, challenges, and perspectives on future development in this emerging field are proposed.Jingkai Lin, Wenjie Tian, Huayang Zhang, Xiaoguang Duan, Hongqi Sun, Hao Wang, Yanfen Fang, Yingping Huang, Shaobin Wan
Assessing Thoracic Vertebral Bone Mineral Density (T8-T10) for Osteoporosis Diagnosis During CT Lung Cancer Screening in Older Adults
No full textSong Li,1,* Nandong Hu,2,* Zicheng Wei,2 Jiangchuan Wang,2 Rongzhou Wang,2 Xifa Gao,2 Yingping Qiu,2 Xiao Chen2 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 230040, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao Chen; Yingping Qiu, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 025 86617141, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Osteoporosis diagnosis often utilizes quantitative computed tomography (QCT). This study explored the validity of applying lumbar bone mineral density (LBMD) standards to thoracic vertebrae (T8-T10) for osteoporosis detection during CT lung cancer screenings. This study investigated the utility of thoracic BMD (BMD-T8-T10) for detecting osteoporosis in older persons during CT lung cancer screening.Methods: We studied 701 participants who underwent QCT scans for both LBMD and BMD-T8-T10. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using ACR criteria based on LBMD. We determined BMD-T8-T10 thresholds via a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and translated BMD-T8+T9+T10 to LBMD (TTBMD) using linear regression. Kappa test was used to evaluate the accuracy of BMD-T8-T10 thresholds and TTBMD in diagnosing osteoporosis.Results: Raw BMD-T8-T10 poorly identified osteoporosis (kappa = 0.51). ROC curve analysis identified BMD-T8-T10 thresholds for osteopenia (138 mg/cm3) and osteoporosis (97 mg/cm3) with areas under the curve of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. We normalized BMD-T8-T10 to TTBMD based on the formula: TTBMD = 0.9 × BMD-T8-T10 - 2.56. These thresholds (kappa = 0.74) and TTBMD performed well in detecting osteoporosis/osteopenia (kappa = 0.74).Conclusion: Both calculating BMD-T8-T10 threshold (138.0 mg/cm3 for osteopenia and 97 mg/cm3 for osteoporosis) and normalizing BMD-T8-T10 to LBMD demonstrated good performance in identifying osteoporosis in older adults during CT lung cancer screening.Keywords: quantitative computed tomography, thoracic vertebral bone mineral density, osteoporosis, Computed tomography, lung cance
CMIP6-C4MIP Dataset For Cliamte-Carbon Cycle Feedback Analysis
No full textThis is the resulting dataset from land/ocean climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis.
Citation:
Zhang X.Z., Y.P. Wang and Y.Q. Zhang, (2022), Strong nonlinearity of land climate-carbon cycle feedback under a high CO2 growth scenario, Earth's Future, in review.</p
Polyphenol oxidase inhibition by Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts: A promising approach to prevent enzymatic browning
No full textPolyphenol oxidase (PPO)-mediated browning can have adverse effects on foods' quality during processing. Therefore, it's important to find natural and efficient PPO-inhibitors. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract in preventing PPO-mediated browning. Firstly, 0.5 g·L−1 S. cerevisiae extracts [calculated based on reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration] significantly reduced the browning of fresh-cut vegetable and fresh juice. The browning degree decreased by the maximum of 51.92% and 102.20%, respectively. Standard validation suggested that GSH in S. cerevisiae extracts contributed significantly to the anti-browning effect. Secondly, S. cerevisiae extracts showed an IC50 of 0.077 g·L−1 against potato-derived PPO using pyrogallol as the optimal substrate. Additionally, GSH displayed non-competitive inhibitory and static quenching effect on PPO. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulation demonstrated that GSH in S. cerevisiae extracts could interact with non-active sites of PPO with a binding free energy of −28.53 ± 6.29 kcal/mol. The binding process was mainly driven by electrostatic interactions and Van der Waals forces. These interactions could lead to the generation of stable GSH-PPO-substrate complexes and affect PPO's activity. Therefore, this study revealed new application prospects and laid a theoretical foundation for S. cerevisiae extracts as a PPO inhibitor in the food industry
Crown structure, radiation absorption, photosynthesis and transpiration
No full textA complex simulation model, MAESTRO, has been developed and validated against field measurements in plantation in both Scotland and Australia. It has been shown that MAESTRO can reasonably predict the daily course of PAR (photosynetically active radiation) transmittance at points below the canopies of radiata pine and Sitka spruce plantations.
1. Four structural properties of the Sitka spruce tree crown have been identified and evaluation in relation to PAR absorption, photosynthesis and transpiration. They are : the total amount leaves within the tree crown, leaf inclination angle distribution and crown shape. The total area of leaves and their spatial distribution within the tree crown are ranked as the two most significant properties.
2. Among the four different structural properties studied, crown shape is least important for PAR absorption, photosynthesis and transpiration. For the Sitka spruce stand studied, transpiration was most sensitive to the total area of leaves within the tree crown, whereas photosynthesis can be significantly affected by the leaf angle distribution. The influence of crown structure also depends on the beam fraction, radiance of diffuse radiation, incident angle of beam radiation.
3. Application of MAESTRO has shown the importance of the spatial distribution of leaf area density distribution and the age structure of the leaf population within a dense Sitka spruce canopy for the radiation regime and for photosynthesis. It has been found that the non-uniform canopy structure. The actual leaf age structure within a dense Sitka spruce canopy has been compared with the leaf age structure that is optimal for maximising the PAR use efficiency of the canopy and it has been found that PAR use efficiencies of both canopies are very close.
4. The non-uniform structure of a tree crown has been described using a two-dimensional leaf area density distribution function within the tree crown. It was found that the spatial distribution of leaf area density and the age structure of the leaf population within the crowns of radiata pine trees were significantly affected by water stress and nutrient deficiency during the growing season.
5. The radiance distribution of diffuse radiation from the sky and the beam fraction of the incident radiation also affect PAR absorption, photosynthesis and transpiration by altering the uniformity of the radiation regime within the tree crown. The light use efficiency of the canopy decreases with the increase in beam fraction.
6. The stomatal and photosynthetic properties of the shoots of Sitka spruce were measure in an open path gas exchange system to parameterize a biochemical photosynthesis model. It was found that co-limitation of photosynthesis plays an important role in the PAR responses of both an isolated shoot and of a canopy. It was shown that co-limitation of canopy photosynthesis enables the canopy to use a high flux density of incident PAR efficiently.
7. The dry matter production of the above-ground biomass of a Sitka spruce stand was studied in relation to PAR absorption to test the Monteith hypothesis. It was found the relationship between the above-ground dry matter production and PAR absorption is approximately linear. The slope of this linear relationship is affected by nitrogen fertilization, but not by thinning for the Sitka spruce stands studied.
Crown structure plays an important role in the processes or radiation transfer, photosynthesis and transpiration within the tree crown. Detailed descriptions of the important structural properties of the tree crown are necessary for adequate understanding of canopy processes, such as photosynthesis. Co-limitation of crown photosynthesis, determined by the structure of all the tree crowns in the stand, results in an efficient use of the incident solar radiation by the trees in the stand. Photosynthesis of the forest canopy is roughly proportional to the incident PAR. PAR absorption is the primary determinant of dry matter production of the above-ground biomass for the Sitka spruce stand studied
Is There Something of Divinity Regarding R. M. Hare’s Account of Reason?
No full textThis article delves deeply into the moral rationalism advocated by R. M. Hare. Traditionally, the ultimate normativity of morality has been attributed to divine characteristics such as the abstract concepts of universality, transcendence, necessity, and ultimate authority, but Hare explicitly rejects any theological premises and seeks to base moral obligations on a pure structure of linguistic and rational consistency. However, this paper proposes that Hare’s secular rational system inevitably reproduces the functional structure of the divine moral order at its internal logical level. To demonstrate this, the key conceptual attributes involved in “divine normativity” are separated first, and an analytical framework is constructed. At the same time, this paper analyzes how the normative requirements, such as universality and prescriptiveness in the Hare system, relate to the attributes of divine norms. The results show that although Hare appears to maintain thorough secularism on the surface, the moral rationalism emphasis on consistency and universal applicability functionally reproduces a normative structure similar to divine commands. This finding reveals a profound philosophical paradox: even stripped of metaphysical assumptions, human attempts to pursue an objective moral order still tend to appeal to transcendent structures in an implicit way. This paper offers a critical examination of Hare’s theory, affirming both his ambition in the construction of secular moral thought and revealing the underlying tension within it that cannot completely break away from the framework of theological tradition
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