151 research outputs found
New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
No full textWang, Xuri, Zhao, Bo, Shen, Caizhi, Liu, Sizhao, Gao, Chunling, Cheng, Xiaodong, Zhang, Fengjiao (2015): New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations. Zootaxa 3941 (4): 565-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Regio-selective Aromatic C—H Bond Oxidation for C—O Bond Formation
No full textFIGURE 7 in New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations
No full textFIGURE 7. Detail of the right wing of DNHM-D2889.Published as part of Wang, Xuri, Zhao, Bo, Shen, Caizhi, Liu, Sizhao, Gao, Chunling, Cheng, Xiaodong & Zhang, Fengjiao, 2015, New material of Longipteryx (Aves: Enantiornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China with the first recognized avian tooth crenulations, pp. 565-578 in Zootaxa 3941 (4) on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/23948
Figure 4 in Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods
No full textFigure 4. Affinities of Daurlong wangi. Time-calibrated Maximum Clade Credibility Tree reconstructed by the tip-dating Bayesian inference analysis. Values at branches indicate posterior probability. Scale bar = 100 mm. Skeletal drawing credit: Marco Auditore (CC-BY 4.0).Published as part of Wang, Xuri, Cau, Andrea, Guo, Bin, Ma, Feimin, Qing, Gele & Liu, Yichuan, 2022, Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods, pp. 1-10 in Scientific Reports (19965) 12 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x, http://zenodo.org/record/736270
Figure 1 in Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods
No full textFigure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c).Published as part of Wang, Xuri, Cau, Andrea, Guo, Bin, Ma, Feimin, Qing, Gele & Liu, Yichuan, 2022, Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods, pp. 1-10 in Scientific Reports (19965) 12 (1) on page 2, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x, http://zenodo.org/record/736270
FIGURE 6 in An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds
No full textFIGURE 6. Details of thoracic region of Gansus zheni showing gastroliths in BMNHC—Ph 1318 (A) and BMNHC—Ph 1342 (B). Abbreviations as in Fig. 1.Published as part of Liu, Di, Chiappe, Luis M., Zhang, Yuguang, Bell, Alyssa, Meng, Qingjin, Ji, Qiang & Wang, Xuri, 2014, An advanced, new long-legged bird from the Early Cretaceous of the Jehol Group (northeastern China): insights into the temporal divergence of modern birds, pp. 253-266 in Zootaxa 3884 (3) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/22695
Graph-based ship traffic partitioning for intelligent maritime surveillance in complex port waters
No full textMaritime Situational Awareness (MSA) is a critical component of intelligent maritime traffic surveillance. However, it becomes increasingly challenging to gain MSA accurately given the growing complexity of ship traffic patterns due to multi-ship interactions possibly involving classical manned ships and emerging autonomous ships. This study proposes a new traffic partitioning methodology to realise the optimal maritime traffic partition in complex waters. The methodology combines conflict criticality and spatial distance to generate conflict-connected and spatially compact traffic clusters, thereby improving the interpretability of traffic patterns and supporting ship anti-collision risk management. First, a composite similarity measure is designed using a probabilistic conflict detection approach and a newly formulated maritime traffic route network learned through maritime knowledge mining. Then, an extended graph-based clustering framework is used to produce balanced traffic clusters with high intra-connections but low inter-connections. The proposed methodology is thoroughly demonstrated and tested using Automatic Identification System (AIS) trajectory data in the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology 1) has effective performance in decomposing the traffic complexity, 2) can assist in identifying high-risk/density traffic clusters, and 3) is sufficiently generic to handle various traffic scenarios in complex geographical waters. Therefore, this study makes significant contributions to intelligent maritime surveillance and provides a theoretical foundation for promoting maritime anti-collision risk management for the future mixed traffic of both manned and autonomous ships
Multi-scale collision risk estimation for maritime traffic in complex port waters
No full textShip collision risk estimation is an essential component of intelligent maritime surveillance systems. Traditional risk estimation approaches, which can only analyze traffic risk in one specific scale, reveal a significant challenge in quantifying the collision risk of a traffic scenario from different spatial scales. This is detrimental to understanding the traffic situations and supporting effective anti-collision decision-making, particularly as maritime traffic complexity grows and autonomous ships emerge. In this study, a systematic multi-scale collision risk estimation approach is newly developed to capture traffic conflict patterns under different spatial scales. It extends the application of the complex network theory and a node deletion method to quantify the interactions and dependencies among multiple ships within encounter scenarios, enabling collision risk to be evaluated at any spatial scale. Meanwhile, an advanced graph-based clustering framework is introduced to search for the optimal spatial scales for risk evaluation. Extensive numerical experiments based on AIS data in Ningbo_Zhoushan Port are implemented to evaluate the model performance. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach can strengthen maritime situational awareness, identify high-risk areas and support strategic maritime safety management. This work therefore sheds light on improving the intelligent levels of maritime surveillance and promoting maritime traffic automation
Data-driven resilience analysis of the global container shipping network against two cascading failures
No full textBeing a fundamental link in the global supply chain and logistics system, the global container shipping network (GCSN) is highly interconnected, which causes the network resilience challenges by the cascading failures triggered by extreme events (e.g., COVID-19 and regional conflicts). Within this dynamic process, the load redistribution behaviour is the core countermeasure for the propagation of cascading failures, however the diversified mechanism has not been systematically studied. To fill in these gaps, this study aims to develop a pioneering resilience analysis framework against cascading failures, to comprehensively explore the impact of port disruptions on the shipping network resilience. By pioneering the influence analysis of port betweenness, weight, and connectivity on load determination and target selection, a port importance assessment method is applied as the foundation for load redistribution decisions. Based on the global service routes data from 2020 to 2023, the GCSN resilience against the sequential cascading failures of 686 ports worldwide is quantified by three metrics. A scenario analysis is conducted to simulate the effects of cascading failures triggered by 5 historical port disruption events (e.g., the COVID-19 port lockdowns and the 2024 bridge collision at Baltimore port) on resilience of the network. Determining the identified critical capacity threshold is pivotal for effectively enhancing the system's resilience and preventing the likelihood of cascading failures. Additionally, this study offers cutting-edge perspectives to the global shipping industry stakeholders. It presents distinct strategies and preferences, offering actionable advice for port authorities in their risk response decisions. Moreover, this study delivers an economic rationale and critical evaluations, instrumental for the strategic maintenance, planning and augmentation of port infrastructures to prevent unforeseen risks.</p
A systematic literature review of Human-Machine Cooperation in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
No full textThis study presents a systematic critical literature review examining the core technologies in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships through the lens of Human-Machine Cooperation. Existing reviews primarily focus on technical performance, whereas this work emphasises how technological advancements are reshaping seafarer roles by shifting them from onboard operators and decision-makers to remote supervisors and collaborative partners. Furthermore, the review identifies key research gaps in current Human-Machine Cooperation practices, such as the lack of transparency, inadequate operator training, and limited human-centred design. To address these challenges, it proposes targeted recommendations and strategic insights. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of human-autonomy interaction and offer strategic directions for designing future MASS systems that are both technologically advanced and human-aware
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