114 research outputs found
On the Twain Food Supply Chain in China - Impact of Supermarket Development on Agricultural Sector and Agrifood Safety in China
No full textFood safety is attracting more and more attention by sectors of various kinds. However, the contradiction faced by China is the continuous growing safety and quality agrifood market and export demand together with large volumes of distributed and un-organized small-scale rural household production. If we cannot effectively organize agrifood production of distributed rural households, provide technical guidance, and exercise supervision during the production process, it is obvious that it is difficult to supply safety and quality agrifood in large volumes, sustainably and steadily. In the first place, this study has put forward the fact that the rapid development of supermarket in China has created favorable and irreplaceable objective conditions for safety and quality agrifood production in China. The management and supervision costs over supermarket supply chain by the society and government departments are much lower than those in traditional country fairs and wholesale markets. We can adopt the model of "supermarket + leading enterprises (agrifood suppliers) + rural households," to guide thousands of small-scale rural households to access to supermarket supply chains so as to speed up the pace of the popularization of safety and quality agrifood.safety agrifood, agrifood distribution, supermarkets, agrifood supply chain, small-scale farmers, Marketing,
Identification of Ecological Functional Areas and Scenario Simulation Analysis of the Wanjiang Urban Belt from a Trade-Off/Synergy Perspective
No full textIdentifying ecological functional areas by clarifying the trade-off synergies of multiple ecosystem services to meet the practical needs of coordinating different ecosystem services in a specific region is highly important. Based on InVEST, RUSLE and other models, this study analyzed the tradeoff synergies of five typical ecosystem services in the Wanjiang Urban Belt from 1990 to 2020 using Pearson correlation analysis, and self-organizing map (SOM) carried out ecological functional zoning. The PLUS model was used to simulate the evolution of ecological functional zones in 2030. The results revealed that (1) from 1990 to 2020, water yield (WY), soil reservation (SR), and food production (FP) services in Wanjiang Urban Belt increased, whereas carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) services decreased. The value of ecosystem services showed a pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”. (2) WY–SR, WY–HQ, HQ–CS, and HQ–SR were synergistic, and the synergistic relationship showed a weakening trend. There were trade-offs in WY–CS, WY–FP, and SR–FP, and the trade-off effects increased with time. (3) The study area was divided into an ecological transition area, an ecological conservation area, an urban development area, an ecological restoration area, an agroecological area, and a water conservation area, and the functions and structures of each cluster significantly differed. (4) Under the natural development scenario, the scales of the ecological transition, ecological conservation, and agroecological areas increased. Under the cropland protection scenario, the urban development and ecological conservation areas began to transform into agroecological areas. Under the urban development scenario, the transfer of areas from ecological conservation, ecological restoration, and agroecological areas to urban development areas increased. In conclusion, the ecosystem services of the Wanjiang Urban Belt are dominated by synergistic effects, but there is a potential risk of shifting to trade-off relationships. In the future, targeted regional ecosystem optimization measures according to the evolution status of each ecological functional zone are urgently needed to provide references for territorial space management and control in this region
First Report of the Multidrug Resistance Gene cfr in Enterococcus faecalis of Animal Origin
No full textThe multiresistance gene cfr was identified for the first time in an Enterococcus faecalis isolate of animal origin. The 32,388-bp plasmid pEF-01, which carried the cfr gene, was sequenced completely. Three copies of the insertion sequence IS1216 were identified in pEF-01, and the detection of a cfr- and IS1216-containing amplicon by inverse PCR suggests that IS1216 may play a role in the dissemination of cfr by a recombination process.This is article published as Liu, Yang, Yang Wang, Congming Wu, Zhangqi Shen, Stefan Schwarz, Xiang-Dang Du, Lei Dai, Wanjiang Zhang, Qijing Zhang, and Jianzhong Shen. "First report of the multidrug resistance gene cfr in Enterococcus faecalis of animal origin." Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 56, no. 3 (2012): 1650-1654. doi: 10.1128/AAC.06091-11. Posted with permission.</p
Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Tropospheric NO2 over the Wanjiang City Belt of China
No full textWe utilize the tropospheric NO2 columns derived from the observations of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard AURA to analyze the spatial distributions and temporal trends of NO2 in Wanjiang City Belt (WCB) of China from 2005 to 2016. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of industrial transfer policy on the air quality in WCB. Firstly, we used the surface in situ NO2 concentrations to compare with the OMI-retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns in order to verify the accuracy of the satellite data over the WCB area. Although it is difficult to compare the two datasets directly, the comparison results prove the accuracy of the OMI-retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns in cities of WCB. Then, the spatial distributions of the annual averaged tropospheric NO2 total columns over Anhui Province show that NO2 columns were considerably higher in WCB than those in other areas of Anhui. Also, we compared the spatial distributions of the total NO2 columns in 2005 through 2010 and in 2011 through 2016 and found that the total NO2 columns in WCB increased by 19.9%, while the corresponding value increased only 13.9% in other Anhui areas except the WCB area. Furthermore, the temporal variations of NO2 columns show that although the NO2 columns over WCB and Anhui increased significantly from 2005 to 2011, they decreased sharply from 2011 to 2016 due to the strict emission reduction measures in China. Finally, the HYSPLIT model was used to analyze the origins of NO2 and transport pathways of air masses in a typical city, Ma’anshan city
Distribution of the Multidrug Resistance Gene cfr in Staphylococcus Species Isolates from Swine Farms in China
No full textA total of 149 porcine Staphylococcus isolates with florfenicol MICs of ≥16 μg/ml were screened for the presence of the multiresistance gene cfr, its location on plasmids, and its genetic environment. In total, 125 isolates carried either cfr (16 isolates), fexA (92 isolates), or both genes (17 isolates). The 33 cfr-carrying staphylococci, which included isolates of the species Staphylococcus cohnii, S. arlettae, and S. saprophyticus in which the cfr gene has not been described before, exhibited a wide variety of SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. In 18 cases, the cfr gene was located on plasmids. Four different types of cfr-carrying plasmids—pSS-01 (n = 2; 40 kb), pSS-02 (n = 3; 35.4 kb), pSS-03 (n = 10; 7.1 kb), and pBS-01 (n = 3; 16.4 kb)—were differentiated on the basis of their sizes, restriction patterns, and additional resistance genes. Sequence analysis revealed that in plasmid pSS-01, the cfr gene was flanked in the upstream part by a complete aacA-aphD-carrying Tn4001-like transposon and in the downstream part by a complete fexA-carrying transposon Tn558. In plasmid pSS-02, an insertion sequence IS21-558 and the cfr gene were integrated into transposon Tn558 and thereby truncated the tnpA and tnpB genes. The smallest cfr-carrying plasmid pSS-03 carried the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene erm(C). Plasmid pBS-01, previously described in Bacillus spp., harbored a Tn917-like transposon, including the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance gene erm(B) in the cfr downstream region. Plasmids, which in part carry additional resistance genes, seem to play an important role in the dissemination of the gene cfr among porcine staphylococci.This article is published as Wang, Yang, Wanjiang Zhang, Juan Wang, Congming Wu, Zhangqi Shen, Xiao Fu, Yang Yan, Qijing Zhang, Stefan Schwarz, and Jianzhong Shen. "Distribution of the multidrug resistance gene cfr in Staphylococcus species isolates from swine farms in China." Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 56, no. 3 (2012): 1485-1490. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05827-11. Posted with permission.</p
On Construction of Supply Chain System for China’s Modern Agricultural Products
No full textIn view of drawbacks in supply chain of China’s traditional agricultural products, this paper proposed building supply chain system for modern agricultural products: taking informationization as basis, channel system as core, organization system as support, and service system and safety system as guarantee, to promote high efficient operation of the supply chain system. The channel system stresses alliance and integration of channel system, informationization of channel management, and terminalization of channel operation; the organization system stresses organization, large scale, group, and brand of participant entities; service system stresses construction of service means, service platform, and operation mechanism; safety system stresses building quality safety based agricultural product supply chain management mode. In order to ensure high efficient operation of supply chain for modern agricultural products, it is required to straighten out supply chain management system, actively cultivate core enterprises of supply chain, strengthen information construction of supply chain, select suitable supply chain mode, and improve benefit allocation mechanism
Industrialized Development Models of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements
No full textIndustrialization of agricultural scientific and technological achievements has become an extremely important part in agricultural structural adjustment and agricultural economic development. Basic models for industrialization of China’s agricultural scientific and technological achievements should be: (i) integrating scientific and technological development and production relying on large enterprises; (ii) integrating scientific research and development with agricultural scientific and technological achievements and scientific research institutions as support; (iii) spindle type transformation; (vi) agricultural scientific and technological demonstration area; (v) technology extension network
An Outlook on Agricultural Modernization Path with Chinese Characteristics from Scale Agricultural Operation
No full textFirst of all, this paper discusses the scale agricultural operation of China from the aspects of practical exploration and rational thinking. Later, it puts forward the concept of further promoting scale agricultural operation according to the present conditions of China, which includes encouraging large household pattern and scale breeding, developing various forms of socialized agricultural services, promoting agriculture industrialization, accelerating regional distribution of advantageous agricultural products and promoting the progress in agricultural science and technology comprehensively
The Recommendations for the Development of China's LCA Based on the International Successful Experience
No full textAlthough agriculture is a source of greenhouse gas emissions, it also has carbon sequestration function. In the context of global warming and depletion of energy resources, the Western developed countries have explored the development model of low-carbon agriculture from many aspects such as developing strategies, promoting carbon trading and innovating upon production techniques. Based on the successful international experience, this paper analyzes the actual situation of China's agricultural carbon emissions, and sets forth the recommendations for the development of China's low-carbon agriculture
Study on Circulation and Management of Rural Land Use Right
No full textCurrently, agriculture and rural economy have entered a new development stage. According to market demands and comparative advantages of regional resources, strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and realizing transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture have become primary tasks. Land is the essential element of agricultural production, making innovation upon rural land use system and establishing flexible and effective land circulation system concern efficiency and optimization of agricultural resource allocation and development of rural element market. With more and more farmers engaged in secondary and tertiary industries, land left by those farmers is circulated to those farmers willing to do farming. Rural land circulation is inevitable trend of economic and social development, but it is a progressive process. To realize smooth rural land circulation, there must be standardized system
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