479 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231220506 – Supplemental material for Nomogram to predict the presence of PSMA-negative but FDG-positive lesion in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicenter cohort study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231220506 for Nomogram to predict the presence of PSMA-negative but FDG-positive lesion in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicenter cohort study by Jian Pan, Tingwei Zhang, Shouzhen Chen, Ting Bu, Jinou Zhao, Xudong Ni, Benkang Shi, Hualei Gan, Yu Wei, Qifeng Wang, Beihe Wang, Junlong Wu, Shaoli Song, Feng Wang, Chang Liu, Dingwei Ye and Yao Zhu in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology</p
Two Possible Side Reaction Pathways during Furanic Etherification
No full textThe revealing mechanism of side reactions is crucial for obtaining theoretical yield in industrialization when 2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)furan (BMMF) yield is above 95%. By-products catalyzed by the conventional ZSM-5 (C-ZSM-5) and hierarchical porous ZSM-5 (HP-ZSM-5) catalytic systems were different, and some key by-products were identified. Thus, possible pathways were proposed, which helps to further improve BMMF selectivity. Additionally, HP-ZSM-5 exhibited quicker reaction rate, higher BMMF yield and selectivity, and slower deactivation process. The relatively weak acidity of HP-ZSM-5 suppresses the ring-opening reaction and subsequent side reactions, and introduction of mesopores improves mass transport and slightly increases hydration of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF)
Acidic ZeoliteL as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Ionic Liquid
No full textZeoliteL was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and post-treated by NH4 exchange to adjust its acidity. The samples were systematic characterized by various techniques including XRD, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, pyridine IR spectroscopy, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption. The results demonstrated that the NH4-exchange post-treatment increased the surface area, micropore volume, and acidity of zeoliteL. The catalytic performance of the samples was tested in the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [bmim]Br). 99.1% yield of HMF was obtained when the KL-80 degrees C-1h sample (KL zeolite treated with 1m NH4NO3 solution at 80 degrees C for 1h) was used. The high efficiency could be attributed to the appropriate acid properties of the catalyst. The zeolite catalyst could be reused four times without significant decrease in activity
Improvement of furanic diether selectivity by adjusting Bronsted and Lewis acidity
No full textFuranic diethers are considered as one of potential biofuels or green solvents. 2,5-Bis(methoxymethyl)furan (BMMF), diether of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) with methanol, is difficult to effectively synthesize in traditional homogeneous catalytic systems due to active groups of BHMF. In this case, HCl and AlCl3, representatives of Bronsted and Lewis acid, are separately employed to explore catalytic performance in BHMF etherification. We also demonstrated that Lewis and Bronsted acid not only synergistically catalyze the etherification but also take respectively charge of main and side reactions. Subsequently, the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 and modified ZSM-5 proved this conclusion. High yield and selectivity of BMMF catalyzed by 1.5%Sn-ZSM-5 was obtained, about 95%, which may be attributed to suitable Bronsted and Lewis acidity as well as pore structure. This suggests that synthesis of BMMF by using solid acid is possible in the future industrialization
Spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, 2006-2017: an analysis of population-based surveillance data
No full textScrub typhus is a life-threatening vector-borne disease. During the past decade, the number of areas affected by this disease has expanded in many countries. In this study, we aim to identify the spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, an emerging endemic region for scrub typhus. Population-based surveillance data capturing scrub typhus cases in two provinces of Southwest China during 2006-2017 were retrieved. Descriptive temporal and spatial analyses were conducted and stratified by age group. The space-time scan statistic was used to identify spatiotemporal clusters of scrub typhus occurrence at the county level. During the study period, 30,001 scrub typhus cases were recorded in Southwest China, with a total of 61.0% (191/313) of counties being affected; most cases (94.3%) occurred in rural areas. The annual incidence rate increased substantially from 0.25/100,000 in 2006 to 5.38/100,000 in 2017 (> 21-fold change). The 0-4-year-old and 45-64-year-old subgroups had the highest cumulative incidence rates (57.46 and 32.98/100,000, respectively). Furthermore, since 2006, the 0-4-year-old (slope=0.83, p<0.01) and 45-64-year-old (slope=0.69, p<0.01) age groups have had the highest increases in incidence of all age groups. The most likely spatial cluster of overall cases (relative risk=4.13, p<0.01) occurred in the southern region of Southwest China and included 41 high-risk counties. In conclusion, scrub typhus appears to be widely distributed and rapidly increasing in Southwest China. Young children and middle-aged adults were the most severely affected groups, and the disease appeared to predominantly cluster in the southern part of Southwest China. Further in-depth surveys to determine the epidemiological characteristics and driving factors of this emerging disease and to facilitate effective control programmes among high-risk groups in the affected areas should be promoted.</p
Graphene mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline garnet laser producing 70-fs pulses near 2.1 mu m
No full textBilayer graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition is successfully applied as a saturable absorber (SA) for the passive mode-locking of a Tm, Ho: CLNGG laser at 2093nm. Near transform-limited pulses as short as 70 fs, i.e., 10 optical cycles are produced at a 89MHz repetition rate with 69mW average output power. To the best of our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses ever reported from graphene-SA mode-locked Tm, or Ho-lasers in the 2 mu m spectral region, including bulk and fiber lasers.
Cobalt-Doped K-OMS-2 Nanofibers: A Novel and Efficient Water-Tolerant Catalyst for the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
No full textCobalt-doped manganese octahedral molecular sieves with an ordered cryptomelane structure (OMS-2) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. The cobalt precursor was directly added into the solution before crystallization to allow its incorporation into the mixed-valent framework of K-OMS-2. The structure, redox properties, and surface hydrophobicity of Co-doped K-OMS-2 were examined by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, N-2 sorption, temperature-programmed reduction by H-2, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact-angle system. The incorporation of Co induced a morphological change in K-OMS-2 from nanorods to nanofibers and an increase in the specific surface area from 70.6 to 188.3m(2)g(-1). Co-doped K-OMS-2 was shown to be able to completely convert CO at 100 degrees C in the presence of approximately 3% water vapor. The promotion effect of Co on the catalytic activity is believed to originate from the enhanced redox capacity and surface area of K-OMS-2, whereas the improved surface hydrophobicity may induce superior water-tolerant performance
Epidemiologic changes of scrub typhus in China, 1952-2016
No full textScrub typhus, a miteborne rickettsiosis, has emerged in many areas globally. We analyzed the incidence and spatial-temporal distribution of scrub typhus in China during 1952-1989 and 2006-2016 using national disease surveillance data. A total of 133,623 cases and 174 deaths were recorded. The average annual incidence was 0.13 cases/100,000 population during 1952-1989; incidence increased sharply from 0.09/100,000 population in 2006 to 1.60/100,000 population in 2016. The disease, historically endemic to southern China, has expanded to all the provinces across both rural and urban areas. We identified 3 distinct seasonal patterns nationwide; infections peaked in summer in the southwest, summer-autumn in the southeast, and autumn in the middle-east. Persons >40 years of age and in nonfarming occupations had a higher risk for death. The changing epidemiology of scrub typhus in China warrants an enhanced disease control and prevention program.</p
Emerg Infect Dis
Get PDFMycetoma is a chronic infection that is slow to develop and heal. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). We describe a case of actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura mexicana in the Caribbean region
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