1,793 research outputs found
Watt-level fluoroindate based glass fibre laser operating around 3 μm
No full textWatt-level ∼2.9 μm laser emission in Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped InF3–ZnF2–BaF2-GaF3-SrF2-PbF2-LiF-YF3-LaF3-NaF fluoroindate glass fibre is demonstrated for the first time. The glass composition is refined to obtain glasses with suitable thermal properties to be drawn into a fibre. Refractive indices are adjusted to operate as core and cladding materials. The maximum output power of 1.35 W with a slope efficiency of 21.14% is achieved at the wavelength of 2864 nm by using a 27 cm length fluoroindate fibre under a 1150 nm Raman laser pumping. The fibre has an attenuation of ∼1 dB/m at 1570 nm, and the effect of fibre length on the slope efficiency is used to optimize the fibre length. The experimental results indicate that fluoroindate glass is a very promising glass material for lasing applications operating within the mid-infrared wavelength range
Fully-channel regional attention network for disease-location recognition with tongue images
No full textObjectiveUsing the deep learning model to realize tongue image-based disease location recognition and focus on solving two problems: 1. The ability of the general convolution network to model detailed regional tongue features is weak; 2. Ignoring the group relationship between convolution channels, which caused the high redundancy of the model.MethodsTo enhance the convolutional neural networks. In this paper, a stochastic region pooling method is proposed to gain detailed regional features. Also, an inner-imaging channel relationship modeling method is proposed to model multi-region relations on all channels. Moreover, we combine it with the spatial attention mechanism.ResultsThe tongue image dataset with the clinical disease-location label is established. Abundant experiments are carried out on it. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively model the regional details of tongue image and improve the performance of disease location recognition.ConclusionIn this paper, we construct the tongue image dataset with disease-location labels to mine the relationship between tongue images and disease locations. A novel fully-channel regional attention network is proposed to model the local detail tongue features and improve the modeling efficiency.SignificanceThe applications of deep learning in tongue image disease-location recognition and the proposed innovative models have guiding significance for other assistant diagnostic tasks. The proposed model provides an example of efficient modeling of detailed tongue features, which is of great guiding significance for other auxiliary diagnosis applications
Figure 1 in Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development
No full textFigure 1. Phylogeny of snakes Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from whole-genome sequences of 31 species. Divergence times of all nodes were estimated by r8s with whole-genome sequences using six calibration points (Figures S1I and S1J). All genomes generated in this study are in red. Maps were taken from those in a previous study.24Published as part of Peng, Changjun, Wu, Dong-Dong, Ren, Jin-Long, Peng, Zhong-Liang, Ma, Zhifei, Wu, Wei, Lv, Yunyun, Wang, Zeng, Deng, Cao, Jiang, Ke, Parkinson, Christopher L., Qi, Yin, Zhang, Zhi-Yi & Li, Jia-Tang, 2023, Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development, pp. 1-18 in Cell 186 on page 3, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.030, http://zenodo.org/record/807067
Figure 2 in Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development
No full textFigure 2. Evolutionary features of snake genomes (A) Chromosome evolution in snakes. A total of 23 proto-chromosomes of Serpentes were reconstructed using four lizards as outgroups (only eight species are shown here for clarity, with more species listed in Figure S2A). (B) Genome size, TE size, and TE type content in chicken, non-snake reptiles (four lizards, one turtle, and one crocodile), and snakes. (C) GC content and CpG island density of snake genomes.Published as part of Peng, Changjun, Wu, Dong-Dong, Ren, Jin-Long, Peng, Zhong-Liang, Ma, Zhifei, Wu, Wei, Lv, Yunyun, Wang, Zeng, Deng, Cao, Jiang, Ke, Parkinson, Christopher L., Qi, Yin, Zhang, Zhi-Yi & Li, Jia-Tang, 2023, Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development, pp. 1-18 in Cell 186 on page 4, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.030, http://zenodo.org/record/807067
EXPRESSION OF HEMOPEXIN IN ACUTE REJECTION OF RAT LIVER ALLOGRAFT IDENTIFIED BY SERUM PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS
No full textAcute rejection (AR) and acceptance of allograft after liver transplantation (LTx) remain critical issues that need addressing to improve prognosis. We therefore performed rat orthotopic LTx and proteomic analyses to screen for immune response-related biomarkers in sera. Markers identified were validated at the mRNA and/or protein levels, and the molecules of interest were functionally explored. Compared with syngeneic controls, signs of AR as well as spontaneous acceptance were observed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of liver allografts. In accordance with the severity of AR, 30 protein spots displaying significant changes in abundance were identified using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Ultimately, 14 serum proteins were sequenced and five spots of interest were identified as hemopexin (HPX). Expression of HPX was significantly and inversely associated with the severity of AR at both the mRNA and protein levels. In vitro, Mt-1, Ho-1, Fth, Ifn-, and Il-17 transcripts were significantly upregulated in lysates of lymphocytes stimulated with HPX, whereas Il-10 markedly was remarkably downregulated. Interferon-, IL-10, and IL-17 proteins in the supernatant of HPX-stimulated lymphocytes were significantly altered in keeping with the mRNA level. Our data facilitated the generation of a proteomic profile to enhance the understanding of rat liver AR. In view of finding that the HPX serum level is negatively associated with the severity of AR of rat liver allograft, we propose that in vitro treatment with HPX regulates cytokine expression in rat lymphocytes
MMP-8 Is Critical for Dexamethasone Therapy in Alkali-Burned Corneas Under Dry Eye Conditions
No full textOur previous studies have shown that Dexamethasone (Dex) reduced the expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs -1,-3,-9,-13), IL-1β and IL-6, while it significantly increased MMP-8 mRNA transcripts in a concomitant dry eye and corneal alkali burn murine model (CM). To investigate if MMP-8 induction is responsible for some of the protective effects of Dex in CM, MMP-8 knock out mice (MMP-8KO) were subjected to the CM for 2 or 5 days and topically treated either with 2μl of 0.1% Dexamethasone (Dex), or saline QID. A separate group of C57BL/6 mice were topically treated with Dex or BSS and received either 100nM CAM12 (MMP-8 inhibitor) or vehicle IP, QD. Here we demonstrate that topical Dex treated MMP-8KO mice subjected to CM showed reduced corneal clarity, increased expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, CXCL1, and MMP-1 mRNA) and increased neutrophil infiltration at 2D and 5D compared to Dex treated WT mice. C57BL/6 mice topically treated with Dex and CAM12 IP recapitulated findings seen with MMP-8KO mice. These results suggest that some of the anti-inflammatory effects of Dex are mediated through increased MMP-8 expression
Figure 4 in Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development
No full textFigure 4. Genome features associated with snake-specific sense organ evolution, highlighting PSGs, REGs, newly evolved genes, SD-CNEassociated genes, lost genes, and SSSV-associated genes (A) Lost and highly expressed genes in snake eyes. Diagram of the snake eye showing lost genes in blue. Heatmap of highly expressed genes (QN, quantile normalized). (B) Diagram of the snake inner ear. Twelve SD-CNE-associated genes and four SSSV-associated genes are involved in ear development. Expression levels (scaled fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads [FPKM]) of sound perception-related PSGs and REGs in 10 keeled slug snake (Pber) tissues are shown in circles. Circle size is positively correlated to the expression level. (C) Diagram of the taste transduction process. Solid lines indicate direct interactions, and dotted lines indicate indirect interactions. See also Table S3.Published as part of Peng, Changjun, Wu, Dong-Dong, Ren, Jin-Long, Peng, Zhong-Liang, Ma, Zhifei, Wu, Wei, Lv, Yunyun, Wang, Zeng, Deng, Cao, Jiang, Ke, Parkinson, Christopher L., Qi, Yin, Zhang, Zhi-Yi & Li, Jia-Tang, 2023, Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development, pp. 1-18 in Cell 186 on page 9, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.030, http://zenodo.org/record/807067
Differences in Factors Affecting Various Crash Types with High Numbers of Fatalities and Injuries in China.
No full textObjectivesRoad traffic crashes that involve very high numbers of fatalities and injuries arouse public concern wherever they occur. In China, there are two categories of such crashes: a crash that results in 10-30 fatalities, 50-100 serious injuries or a total cost of 50-100 million RMB ($US8-16m) is a "serious road traffic crash" (SRTC), while a crash that is even more severe or costly is a "particularly serious road traffic crash" (PSRTC). The aim of this study is to identify the main factors affecting different types of these crashes (single-vehicle, head-on, rear-end and side impact) with the ultimate goal of informing prevention activities and policies.MethodsDetailed descriptions of the SRTCs and PSRTCs that occurred from 2007 to 2014 were collected from the database "In-depth Investigation and Analysis System for Major Road Traffic Crashes" (IIASMRTC), which is maintained by the Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of China (TMRI). 18 main risk factors, which were categorized into four areas (participant, vehicle, road and environment-related) were chosen as potential independent variables for the multinomial logistic regression analysis. Comparisons were made among the single-vehicle, head-on, rear-end and side impact crashes in terms of factors affecting crash occurrence.FindingsFive risk factors were significant for the six multinomial logistic regression models, which were location, vertical alignment, roadside safety rating, driver distraction and overloading of cargo. It was indicated that intersections were more likely to have side impact SRTCs and PSRTCs, especially with poor visibility at night. Overloaded freight vehicles were more likely to be involved in a rear-end crash than other freight vehicles. Driver distraction is an important risk factor for head-on crashes, while vertical alignment and roadside safety rating are positively associated with single-vehicle crashes.ConclusionBased on the findings, promising measures were proposed to prevent each type of SRTC and PSRTC, which governmental or regulatory agencies could employ to plan strategies to reduce SRTCs and PSRTCs and support lifesaving policies
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