41,435 research outputs found
Wang Shuo and the commercialisation of contemporary Chinese culture
No full textThis thesis examines the commercialisation of Chinese culture that has taken place over the past twenty years in mainland China. It explores the contribution of Wang Shuo, a cultural figure who straddles different fields of culture, moving from literature to the ultimate mass culture medium of television, this study plots Wang Shuo' s development from educational failure, to business failure, to fiction writer, film & TV editor, film director and cultural critic and analyst. His stories, films, TV series and articles have caused shock-waves throughout national cultural circles as he has transformed the terms of the debate from academic discourse to a validation of the role of the market in the culture field. Although Wang Shuo has not been labelled as a dissident, his approach to the culture market has had a more subversive effect on official ideology that those overt dissidents who have had to live in exile or have been imprisoned. He has utilised the language of official ideology to satirise the authorities, turning the ideology and its supporters into figures of fun. Yet his own goals have been strictly personal and economic ones. The authorities recognize the value of Wang Shuo's work in the cultural market but at the same time distrust his works and place him under strict censorship. Examining the way Wang Shuo and people surround him have succeeded in different fields of cultural achievement is a mirror to understanding the process of the transformation of contemporary Chinese culture from a socialist state-controlled culture to a market-oriented mass culture industry
Human-AI Collaboration in Academic Writing: towards a Synergy Model and A Case to Include AI as a Co-Author
No full textAs generative AI systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini 2.5 become increasingly integrated into academic workflows, the question of their legitimacy, limitations, and potential in scholarly writing has become urgent. This paper presents a reflexive case study of a sustained collaboration between a domain expert in consciousness studies and Gemini 2.5, culminating in the co-authorship of a peer-reviewed research article. By analyzing exactly 37,440 words of recorded interactions, we identify patterns of synergy, including recursive refinement, conceptual amplification, and accelerated manuscript development. We argue that when guided by a knowledgeable human author, AI can act as a cognitive partner rather than a passive tool—amplifying scholarly creativity and improving efficiency without compromising academic rigor. The case supports a '1+1=3' synergy model for co-authorship, in which human steering and AI fluency converge to produce novel insights and polished output faster and more effectively than either could achieve alone. The findings advocate for a paradigm shift from prohibitive policies to the responsible, expert-guided integration of AI in academic research and writing, grounded in transparency and accountability, and present arguments for why the AI tool should be listed as a co-author despite current injunctions against such practice
Distributed human computation framework for linked data co-reference resolution
No full textDistributed Human Computation (DHC) is a technique used to solve computational problems by incorporating the collaborative effort of a large number of humans. It is also a solution to AI-complete problems such as natural language processing. The Semantic Web with its root in AI is envisioned to be a decentralised world-wide information space for sharing machine-readable data with minimal integration costs. There are many research problems in the Semantic Web that are considered as AI-complete problems. An example is co-reference resolution, which involves determining whether different URIs refer to the same entity. This is considered to be a significant hurdle to overcome in the realisation of large-scale Semantic Web applications. In this paper, we propose a framework for building a DHC system on top of the Linked Data Cloud to solve various computational problems. To demonstrate the concept, we are focusing on handling the co-reference resolution in the Semantic Web when integrating distributed datasets. The traditional way to solve this problem is to design machine-learning algorithms. However, they are often computationally expensive, error-prone and do not scale. We designed a DHC system named iamResearcher, which solves the scientific publication author identity co-reference problem when integrating distributed bibliographic datasets. In our system, we aggregated 6 million bibliographic data from various publication repositories. Users can sign up to the system to audit and align their own publications, thus solving the co-reference problem in a distributed manner. The aggregated results are published to the Linked Data Cloud
Armorseliza Ai & Wang & Zhang 2019, gen. nov.
No full textArmorseliza gen. nov. Type species. Flatoides lignaria Walker, 1851; by present designation. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the words: “armor” meaning a special protective clothing over people’s bodies and the name of the genus Seliza, which means this new genus resembles Seliza. The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. The genus Armorseliza differs from the genus Seliza Stål, 1862 by the following characters (Stål, 1862a): tegmina with a very short vein Scp+R at base cell (tegmina without vein Scp+R at base cell in Seliza); anterior margin of head evenly convex (anterior margin of head conical in Seliza); male genital style isosceles triangular (male genital style semicircular in Seliza); phallic complex with processes branched (phallic complex with processes not branched in Seliza). Description. Small-sized planthoppers (8–10 mm long). Overall color dark brown or black. Head (Fig. 3) narrower than pronotum. Vertex wider than long, anterior margin evenly convex or truncate in dorsal view. Frons broader than long, usually with longitudinal median carina; lateral margins convex or obtusely angled, apical portion of frons concave. Pronotum (Figs 3, 4) with anterior margin evenly convex, sometimes concave in the middle, median carina weak; postocular emineneces strongly conical. Tegmina (Fig. 2) usually 2 times longer than wide, costal membrane broader than costal cell; costal margin slightly sinuate before apex, apical margin convex with one subapical line of crossveins; three longitudinal veins arising from basal cell (Scp+R, Mp, CuA), vein Scp+RA crossing elevated bulla. Metatibia with two lateral spines. Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 6) ring-like. Genital style (Fig. 6) isosceles triangular, with one process at dorsocaudal portion. Anal tube apex bipartite in dorsal view. Phallic complex (Fig. 7) slightly arched; periandrium tubular, with lateral emargination moderately wide, dorsolateral emargination shallow, dorsal lobe produced caudad into large membranous plates, lateral lobe with a large process, ventral lobe slender. Aedeagus (Figs 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25) bipartite. Distribution. Oriental region (China).Published as part of Ai, Deqiang, Wang, Yinglun & Zhang, Yalin, 2019, A new genus and two new species in the tribe Selizini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) with a checklist for the tribe from China, pp. 368-382 in Zootaxa 4614 (2) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/324246
AI Technology panic—is AI Dependence Bad for Mental Health? A Cross-Lagged Panel Model and the Mediating Roles of Motivations for AI Use Among Adolescents
No full textShunsen Huang,1 Xiaoxiong Lai,1,2 Li Ke,1 Yajun Li,3 Huanlei Wang,1 Xinmei Zhao,1 Xinran Dai,1 Yun Wang1 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Digital Education, China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China; 3Shenzhen Institute of Education Sciences, Shenzhen, 518001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yun Wang, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: The emergence of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), may manifest as technology panic in some people, including adolescents who may be particularly vulnerable to new technologies (the use of AI can lead to AI dependence, which can threaten mental health). While the relationship between AI dependence and mental health is a growing topic, the few existing studies are mainly cross-sectional and use qualitative approaches, failing to find a longitudinal relationship between them. Based on the framework of technology dependence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of experiencing AI dependence, to examine the cross-lagged effects between mental health problems (anxiety/depression) and AI dependence and to explore the mediating role of AI use motivations.Methods: A two-wave cohort program with 3843 adolescents (Male = 1848, Mage = 13.21 ± 2.55) was used with a cross-lagged panel model and a half-longitudinal mediation model.Results: 17.14% of the adolescents experienced AI dependence at T1, and 24.19% experienced dependence at T2. Only mental health problems positively predicted subsequent AI dependence, not vice versa. For AI use motivation, escape motivation and social motivation mediated the relationship between mental health problems and AI dependence whereas entertainment motivation and instrumental motivation did not.Discussion: Excessive panic about AI dependence is currently unnecessary, and AI has promising applications in alleviating emotional problems in adolescents. Innovation in AI is rapid, and more research is needed to confirm and evaluate the impact of AI use on adolescents’ mental health and the implications and future directions are discussed.Keywords: artificial intelligence dependence, mental health, anxiety, depression, artificial intelligence use motivation, adolescent
Aphid Cluster Recognition and Detection in the Wild Using Deep Learning Models
No full text@inproceedings{zhang2023new,
title={A New Dataset and Comparative Study for Aphid Cluster Detection},
author={Zhang, Tianxiao and Li, Kaidong and Chen, Xiangyu and Zhong, Cuncong and Luo, Bo and Teran, Ivan Grijalva and McCornack, Brian and Flippo, Daniel and Sharda, Ajay and Wang, Guanghui},
booktitle={2nd AAAI Workshop on AI for Agriculture and Food Systems},
year={2023}
Armorseliza nigromaculata Ai & Wang & Zhang 2019, sp. nov.
No full textArmorseliza nigromaculata sp. nov. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words “niger” meaning black and “macula” meaning “spot”. Diagnosis. This new species resembles Armorseliza lignaria (Walker, 1851) n. comb., but can be differentiated by the following characters: mesonotum (Fig. 63) without carinae; apex of aedeagus (Figs 67, 72, 79) with a pair of small cephalad teeth; apical fourth of aedeagus with pair of cephalad and 2-branched processes. Description. Size. Body length 8.5–9.8 mm. Coloration. Head brown, margins of frons slightly darker, clypeus with oblique stripes; frons light brown with two black dots at top; eyes black, ocelli red; pronotum and mesonotum brown, mesonotum with three black dots at front, disc light brown, legs light brown; tegmina brown, with an oval dark spot in the middle, Y-stem of clavus dark brown. Head: Head (Fig. 63) including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex wider than long, rounded into frons; anterior margin truncate or slightly concave; lateral margins raised; posterior margin shallowly emarginate, disc depressed, almost covered by anterior margin of pronotum. Frons (Fig. 65) wider than long; widest part at midline, lateral margins raised, median longitudinal carina slightly raised at dorsal portion, obsolete at ventral portion. Frontoclypeal suture shallowly convex; clypeus (Fig. 65) convex. Rostrum extending to meta-trochanter. Ocelli present. Antennae very short (Fig. 64). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 63, 64) with anterior margin truncate, median carina weakly visible, postocular eminences conical. Mesonotum (Fig. 63) with anterior margin convex; disc flat, without longitudinal carina. Metatibia with six spines apically; metatarsal basal segment with ten spines apically. Tegmen (Fig. 62). Tegmina elongate, about 2.3 times longer than wide, costal membrane wider than costal cell at the level of bulla (Fig. 62); costal margin sinuate, apical margin convex. Three veins (Scp+R, Mp, CuA) arising from basal cell, Scp+R stem very short, ScP+RA crossing raised bulla; Y-stem of anal veins short and highly raised; one subapical line present. Male terminalia. Pygofer (Fig. 66) ring-like. Genital style (Fig. 66) isosceles triangular, ventral margin convex, apical margin oblique, as long as dorsal margin, with single process at dorsocaudal portion. Anal tube (Figs 66, 69) evenly arched, apex bipartite in dorsal view. Phallic complex (Figs 67, 68, 70, 77, 80, 83) slightly arched; periandrium (Figs 71, 73, 75, 78, 81, 84) tubular, dorsal part membranous, dorsolateral emargination shallow; lateral emargination moderately wide; dorsal lobe produced caudad, lateral lobe with a narrow, 3-branched process, ventral lobe slender with a row of small teeth, apex of ventral part acute. Aedeagus (Figs 72, 74, 76, 79, 82, 85) bipartite, each side of apex with a pair of small cephalad processes; a pair of long, cephalad and 2-branched processes at apical fourth of dorsal part; lateral part with a small prominence beneath a hooked process. Type material. Holotype, ♂, Tongguling, Hainan Province, China, 16m, 26.iv.2008, Men Qiulei (NWAFU). Paratypes: 1♂, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, China, 15.xii.1974, Li Fasheng (CAU); 1♂, Jianfengzhen, Hainan Province, China, 170m, 18.vii.2009, Wang Manqiang & Meng Rui (NWAFU); 1♂, Bawangling, Hainan Province, China, 600m, 18.v.2008, Fu Qiang (NWAFU); 1♂, Wanning, Hainan Province, China, 10m, 14.vi.1960, Li Suofu (IZCAS); 1♂, Bawangling, Hainan Province, China, 176m, 18.v.2008, Men Qiulei (NWAFU).Published as part of Ai, Deqiang, Wang, Yinglun & Zhang, Yalin, 2019, A new genus and two new species in the tribe Selizini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) with a checklist for the tribe from China, pp. 368-382 in Zootaxa 4614 (2) on pages 375-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/324246
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
No full textHow can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsibility gaps and mitigate them by establishing conditions that enable a proper attribution of responsibility for humans; however, clear requirements for researchers, designers, and engineers are yet inexistent, making the development of AI-based systems that remain under meaningful human control challenging. In this paper, we address the gap between philosophical theory and engineering practice by identifying, through an iterative process of abductive thinking, four actionable properties for AI-based systems under meaningful human control, which we discuss making use of two applications scenarios: automated vehicles and AI-based hiring. First, a system in which humans and AI algorithms interact should have an explicitly defined domain of morally loaded situations within which the system ought to operate. Second, humans and AI agents within the system should have appropriate and mutually compatible representations. Third, responsibility attributed to a human should be commensurate with that human’s ability and authority to control the system. Fourth, there should be explicit links between the actions of the AI agents and actions of humans who are aware of their moral responsibility. We argue that these four properties will support practically minded professionals to take concrete steps toward designing and engineering for AI systems that facilitate meaningful human control.Interactive IntelligenceDesign AestheticsCyber SecurityHuman-Robot InteractionEthics & Philosophy of TechnologyHuman Information Communication DesignWeb Information System
A Two-Dimensional Explanation Framework to Classify AI as Incomprehensible, Interpretable, or Understandable
No full textBecause of recent and rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), humans and AI-systems increasingly work together in human-agent teams. However, in order to effectively leverage the capabilities of both, AI-systems need to be understandable to their human teammates. The branch of eXplainable AI (XAI) aspires to make AI-systems more understandable to humans, potentially improving human-agent teamwork. Unfortunately, XAI literature suffers from a lack of agreement regarding the definitions of and relations between the four key XAI-concepts: transparency, interpretability, explainability, and understandability. Inspired by both XAI and social sciences literature, we present a two-dimensional framework that defines and relates these concepts in a concise and coherent way, yielding a classification of three types of AI-systems: incomprehensible, interpretable, and understandable. We also discuss how the established relationships can be used to guide future research into XAI, and how the framework could be used during the development of AI-systems as part of human-AI teams.Accepted author manuscriptInteractive Intelligenc
Armorseliza acontia Ai & Wang & Zhang 2019, sp. nov.
No full textArmorseliza acontia sp. nov. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Greek word “aconto”, which refers to the aedeagus having a long spine. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: mesonotum (Fig. 38) with median carina; apical fifth of aedeagus (Figs 42, 47, 54) with a pair of cephalad long and unbranched processes; aedeagus with a sharply short process at apical fourth of lateral portion; lateral lobe of periandrium with dorsal margin serrated. Description. Size. Body length 8.3–9.2 mm. Coloration. Head mottled brown, margins of frons slightly darker, clypeus with oblique stripes; vertex slightly darker than frons; eyes black, ocelli red; pronotum mottled brown; mesonotum and legs dark brown; tegmina brown with darker veins, Y-stem of clavus dark brown. Head. Head (Fig. 38) including eyes narrower than pronotum; vertex wider than long, rounded into frons; anterior margin convex; lateral margins raised; posterior margin shallowly emarginate, disc depressed, almost covered by anterior margin of pronotum. Frons (Fig. 40) wider than long; widest at midline, lateral margins carinate, median longitudinal carina strongly raised at dorsal portion, weak at ventral portion. Frontoclypeal suture shallowly convex, clypeus convex (Fig. 40). Rostrum extending to metatrochanter. Ocelli present. Antennae very short (Fig. 39). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 38, 39) with anterior margin slightly concave in the middle, median carina present, postocular eminences conical. Mesonotum (Fig. 38) with anterior margin convex; disc flat, with weak median carina, lateral carinae absent. Metatibia with six spines apically, and metatarsal basal segment with nine spines apically. Tegmen (Fig. 37). Tegmina elongate, about 2.2 times longer than wide, costal membrane wider than costal cell at the level of bulla (Fig. 37); costal margin sinuate, apical margin slightly convex. Three veins (Scp+R, Mp, CuA) arising from basal cell; Scp+R stem very short, ScP+RA crossing bulla; Y-stem of anal veins short and highly raised, one subapical line present. Male terminalia. Anal tube (Figs 41, 44) in lateral view almost straight, apically inflated and bipartite in dorsal view. Pygofer (Fig. 41) ring-like, anterior margin strongly sinuate, ventral margin truncate, posterior margin convex. Genital style (Fig. 41) isosceles triangular, ventral margin convex, apical margin oblique, as long as dorsal margin, with single process at dorsocaudal portion. Phallic complex (Figs 42, 43, 45, 52, 55, 58) slightly arched; periandrium (Figs 46, 48, 50, 53, 56, 59) tubular, dorsal part membranous, dorsolateral emargination shallow, lateral emargination moderately wide; dorsal lobe produced caudad, lateral lobe with a wide, 3-branched process and dorsal margin serrated, ventral lobe slender, apex acute in ventral view.Aedeagus (Figs 47, 49, 51, 54, 57, 60) bipartite, each side of apex with a caudad process; a pair of long and unbranched cephalad processes at apical fifth of dorsal portion; lateral portion with a sharply short process, a small prominence beneath a hooked process. Type material. Holotype, ♂, Nada, Hainan Province, China, vi.1963, Chou Io (NWAFU). Paratypes: 1♂, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, China, 15.xii.1974, Yang Jikun (CAU); 1♂, Jianfengling, Hainan Province, China, 2.iii.1982, Liu Yuanfu (CAF); 1♂, Nada, Hainan Province, China, 23/ 24.viii.1963, Chou Io & Lu Zheng (NWAFU); 1♂, Luodian, Guizhou Province, China, 500m, 5.vi.1981, Li Fasheng (CAU).Published as part of Ai, Deqiang, Wang, Yinglun & Zhang, Yalin, 2019, A new genus and two new species in the tribe Selizini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) with a checklist for the tribe from China, pp. 368-382 in Zootaxa 4614 (2) on page 375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/324246
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