45,973 research outputs found
Induction of tomato Jasmonate-Resistant 1-Like 1 gene expression can delay the colonization of Ralstonia solanacearum in transgenic tomato
No full textPanorpa duanyu Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa duanyu Wang & Gong, sp. n. (Fig. 5) Etymology. The new species is named after Yu Duan, the 16th emperor of the Kingdom of Dali between 1108 and 1147. He is also one of the three protagonists in the famous Chinese novel Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species can be readily recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) wings devoid of markings except greatly reduced apical and pterostigmal bands; in males, 2) A6–A7 black; and 3) parameres crossed. Type series. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00163), burned area near the Sky Lake, 2740 m, 25°51’5’’ N 99°14’11’’ E, 12–28.ix.2020, leg. You-Jing Gong by Malaise Trap; Paratypes 2♂ 7♀ (CN20Pa00164CN20Pa00172), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 8.0– 8.2 mm, AbL 6.0– 6.3 mm, BL 8.8–9.0 mm, FL 9.2–9.3 mm, FW 2.1–2.2 mm, HL 8.0– 8.2 mm, HW 1.9–2.0 mm; Female: AbL 4.8–5.0 mm, BL 7.0– 7.3 mm, FL 10.5–11.2 mm, FW 2.2–2.4 mm, HL 9.2–10.0 mm, HW 2.1–2.3 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex, occiput and rostrum yellowish brown. Ocellar triangle enclosed by dark spot. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with grayish brown, with greatly reduced apical and pterostigmal bands. Forewing 1A ending almost same level of ORs; and usually, two cross-veins between 1A and 2A (one in the left forewing, and none in the rightwing of holotype). Hindwings similar to forewings. Abdomen. T1–T5 black. A6 black, cylindrical. A7 and A8 black and slightly yellowing towards apex, A7 cylindrical, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb mostly yellowish brown and oval, with distal portion of gonostyli black. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, tapering towards apex, with U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 3/5 as long as gonocoxites, with basal stalk approximately half as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves slender, divergent, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli approximately half as long as gonocoxites, with broad earlobe-shaped basal lobe and rounded median tooth. Parameres slender and covered with numerous microtrichia on inner margin of each branch; two parameres crossed at middle portion, with distal portions approximately parallel and directing caudad. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel, neck-like in basal half and subacute in distal half. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate oval with slightly pointed apex, and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium with broad main plate approximately 3/5 as long as axis; posterior arms short and thin, and approximately 1/3 as long as main plate; apodemes greatly divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong (Fig. 2). Notes. This species coinhabits with Panorpa xiaofeng Wang & Gong, sp. n. and Panorpa xuzhu Wang & Gong, sp. n. in the type locality.Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 249-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
Functional Studies of FIN219 in the Integration of Far-Red Light and Jasmonate Signaling in Arabidopsis
No full textChapter 1
FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219 (FIN219)參與在阿拉伯芥之遠紅光訊息傳遞中，扮演正向調控者。先前研究得知於黑暗下，FIN219是具有抑制CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1)之功能，然而，其中之調控機制尚未明瞭。我們利用大量表達不同FIN219片段之轉殖株探討其調控關係，並建構大量表現GUS-FIN219-N53 (NCox)及GUS-FIN219-N300 (NTox)的建構體，其分別含有FIN219的N端coiled-coil結構之53及300個胺基酸，將其轉入野生型。僅於遠紅光下，NCox 及 NTox皆呈現dominant-negative長下胚軸外表型；並亦於相同處理下發現，突變株與轉殖株皆累積較多的COP1蛋白質，而HY5蛋白質卻明顯降低，此現象並未發現在其他光源下。為了釐清NCox及NTox呈現遠紅光不敏感之原因，進一步利用yeast two-hybrid (Y2H)、in vitro pull-down及bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)等分析，發現FIN219可以藉由N端的coiled-coil結構與另一個FIN219蛋白質的C端coiled-coil結構產生蛋白質交互作用，且此作用是發生在細胞質中。利用Y2H、pull-down、in vivo coimmunoprecipitation及BiFC分析，得知FIN219的C端coiled-coil結構可與COP1的WD40 repeats結構發生蛋白質交互作用，此亦發生在細胞質中。於fin219-2/cop1-6雙突變株發現並無改變cop1-6突變株在黑暗下之外表型，亦得知HY5蛋白質的穩定需要FIN219存在。於不同強度遠紅光實驗發現，不同強度的遠紅光可藉由phyA調控FIN219蛋白質含量，進而影響COP1的功能。綜合以上結果，推測NCox及NTox蛋白質與COP1蛋白質同時競爭內生型FIN219蛋白質之C端coiled-coil結構，當野生型阿拉伯芥大量表現NCox及NTox蛋白質會導致COP1不易被內生型FIN219蛋白質篏制於細胞質中，反而進入細胞核降解HY5，因此呈現出遠紅光不敏感外表型。
Chapter 2
植物光形態發育同時需要光訊息及植物荷爾蒙的協同作用，以適應植物於光照下之生存。先前研究發現FIN219具有調控光訊息傳遞與合成茉莉酸－異亮胺酸之雙功角色。因此，探討光與荷爾蒙訊息交互作用是提供研究植物光形態發育之重要資訊。coi1-16突變株於不同光源下呈現長下胚軸外表型；於遠紅光下，FIN219蛋白質受COI1調控，且外加coronatine處理，導致回饋抑制之調控現象。另外，利用GUS-COP1大量表現的轉殖株於MeJA或coronatine處理下，發現內生型COP1蛋白質量呈現下降趨勢，此結果亦呈現在野生型及fin219-2突變株中；另外，GUS-COP1轉基因蛋白質亦於MeJA或coronatine處理下皆明顯降低。此外，茉莉酸引起阿拉伯芥大量累積花青素主要取決於HY5蛋白質累積量。綜合以上結果可推斷COP1可能扮演在光與茉莉酸訊息傳遞下之另外一個調控者，可提供探討兩者訊息傳遞交互作用之方向。
Chapter 3
番茄青枯病是一種非常普遍和廣泛的疾病，主要是由青枯菌引起，特別是在炎熱和潮濕的環境下更為嚴重；於自然環境中，因為寄主抗性的不穩定，以及青枯菌種類與變異性極大，至目前為止，並無良好的防治方式；因此，番茄抵禦青枯菌的分子機制的瞭解仍然有限。本篇報導由番茄釣取到番茄SlJAR1同源性基因－SlJRL1，並且建立可誘導SlJRL1基因表現的番茄轉殖株。比對兩基因之蛋白質序列竟然高達99 %相同性；先前發現SlJAR1於地下根部之基因表現量最高，相反地，SlJRL1於地下部表現量最低，反而是地上部有較高的基因表現量；進一步利用南方氏墨點法分析，發現於CL5915番茄品系之基因體含有多個SlJRL1基因。進一步建構誘導啟動子驅動SlJRL1之載體，將其轉殖進番茄基因體中，利用DEX處理轉殖株，其誘導SlJRL1表現量於第二天即達到高峰；並利用此誘導方式，進行青枯菌感染，經DEX誘導之轉殖番茄可延緩萎凋病徵發生；並分析體內之青枯菌族群，發現轉殖番茄經由DEX誘導後，亦可減緩於莖頂處青枯菌累積之數量；由此可知，植物茉莉酸荷爾蒙具有參與番茄防禦青枯菌感染之功能。因此，本篇SlJRL1轉殖番茄之結果，可提供抵抗番茄青枯病之分子機制的瞭解。Chapter 1
FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219 (FIN219) in Arabidopsis is involved in phytochrome A-mediated far-red (FR) light signaling. Previous genetic studies revealed that FIN219 acts as an extragenic suppressor of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the suppression of COP1 remains unknown. Here, we used a transgenic approach to study the regulation of COP1 by FIN219. Transgenic seedlings containing ectopic expression of the FIN219 N-terminal domain in wild-type Columbia (named NCox for the expression of the N-terminal coiled-coil domain and NTox for the N-terminal 300 amino-acid region) exhibited a dominant-negative long-hypocotyl phenotype under FR, reflected as reduced photomorphogenic responses and altered levels of COP1 and HY5. Yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that FIN219 could interact with the WD-40 domain of COP1 and with its N-terminal coiled-coil domain through its C-terminal domain. Further in vivo coimmunoprecipitation study confirms that FIN219 interacts with COP1 under continuous FR light. Studies of the double mutant fin219-2/cop1-6 indicated that HY5 stability requires FIN219 under darkness and FR light. Moreover, FIN219 levels positively regulated by phytochrome A can modulate the subcellular location of COP1 and are differentially regulated by various fluence rates of FR light. We concluded that the dominant-negative long-hypocotyl phenotype conferred by NCox and NTox in a wild-type background was caused by the misregulation of COP1 binding with the C terminus of FIN219. Our data provide a critical mechanism controlling the key repressor COP1 in response to FR light.
Chapter 2
Photomorphogenic development requires the synergistic integration of light signaling and phytohormones to confer plants with the ability to perceive light energy and signals for survival in environments. Previous report has suggested that FIN219 plays a dual role with enzymatic activities and a regulatory interacting protein involved in JA and FR light signaling, respectively. Here, we showed that the coi1-16 mutant exhibited a long-hypocotyl phenotype in various light conditions and influenced the expression of light-regulated genes under FR. The levels of FIN219 were dependent on COI1 and negatively feedback regulated by coronatine treatment under FR. Furthermore, GUS-COP1 overexpressed transgenic seedlings (GUS-COP1ox) were used for studying the regulation of COP1 protein in MeJA and coronatine treatments. Under FR, the COP1 levels in wild-type Col, fin219-2, and GUS-COP1ox were reduced by MeJA and coronatine treatments; surprisingly, GUS-COP1 proteins were greatly decreased in MeJA and coronatine treatments. Besides, exogenous jasmonates highly induced anthocyanin accumulation, which was dependent on HY5 protein levels. Thus, we propose that COP1 may play a vital role in the modulation of the integration between light and JA signaling pathways.
Chapter 3
Bacterial wilt in tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum infection is a common and widespread disease, especially in hot and humid environments. Combating the disease is difficult because of unstable host resistance and the variation and diversity of the bacterial strains. Thus, the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum remain unknown. Here, we isolated a homolog of tomato Solanum lycopersicum JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (SlJAR1), named SIJAR1-like 1 (SlJRL1) and generated transgenic tomato lines harboring an inducible promoter-driven SlJRL1 construct. SlJRL1 shares 99% amino acid identity with SlJAR1. Intriguingly, SlJRL1 showed preferential expression in aerial parts and SlJAR1 in roots. DNA gel blot analysis revealed multiple copies of SlJRL1 in the tomato genome. Transgenic tomato containing a single copy of the transgene SlJRL1 exhibited high levels of SlJRL1 expression at 2 days after dexamethasone (DEX) induction. Moreover, induction of SlJRL1 expression by DEX could delay the symptoms of tomato bacterial wilt, and efficiently reduce the amount of Ralstonia in stems, so the phytohormone jasmonic acid may participate in the resistant responses of tomato to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia. Therefore, transgenic tomato containing inducible expression of SlJRL1 may help further understand the molecular mechanism of tomato resistance against bacterial wilt
Panorpa xuzhu Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa xuzhu Wang & Gong, sp. n. (Fig. 19) Etymology. The new species is named after Xuzhu, one of three protagonists in the famous Chinese novel DemiGods and Semi-Devils. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species is peculiar in the Panorpa guttata group by the combination of the following characters: 1) body mostly yellow; 2) wings devoid of markings or with greatly reduced pterostigmal and apical bands; in males, 3) A6 nearly truncated at apex and lacking lobes; 4) dorsal processes slender and approximately as wide as parameres except enlarged distal portion; and in females, 5) axis of medigynium extremely long, slightly longer than twice the length of main plate. Type series. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00188), burned area near the Sky Lake, 2813 m, 25°51’7’’ N 99°14’9’’ E, 12–28.ix.2020, leg. You-Jing Gong by Malaise Trap; Paratypes 1♂ 7♀ (CN20Pa00189CN20Pa00196), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 9.0– 9.4 mm, AbL 8.4–8.6 mm, BL 11.5–11.8 mm, FL 9.6–10.0 mm, FW 2.1–2.2 mm, HL 8.5–9.0 mm, HW 2.0– 2.1 mm; Female: AbL 8.0–9.0 mm, BL 11.0–13.0 mm, FL 10.8–11.3 mm, FW 2.2–2.4 mm, HL 9.5–10.2 mm, HW 2.1–2.3 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex, occiput and rostrum yellowish brown. Ocellar triangle enclosed by dark spot. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with grayish brown and devoid of markings. Forewing 1A ending almost same level of ORs; and two cross-veins between 1A and 2A. Hindwings similar to forewings. Abdomen. T1–T5 yellow. A6 yellow, cylindrical, nearly truncated at apex and lacking lobes. A7 and A8 yellow, A7 nearly cylindrical and slightly beveled at dorsal apex, A8 constricted basally and greatly beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellow, long oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, slightly tapering towards apex, with deep U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two parallel finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 7/10 as long as gonocoxites, with long basal stalk approximately as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves narrow, divergent, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli shorter than half length of gonocoxites, slightly incurvated on outer margin, with disc-shaped basal lobe and subtriangular median tooth. Parameres bifurcated with both branches slender and bearing numerous microtrichia subapically; ventral branch approximately 4/5 as long as dorsal branch, and greatly bending outwards apically; dorsal branch relatively straight. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous, rounded, and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes slender, greatly elongated and enlarged towards apex, and with longitudinal groove. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance, but with greatly reduced pterostigmal and apical bands in forewings. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate oblong with slightly emarginated apex and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium slender, with main plate broadest at basal 2/5 and approximately 1/3 as long as axis; posterior arms slender and approximately 2/3 as long as main plate; apodemes of axis greatly divergent at base. Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong (Fig. 2).Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
Panorpa xiaofeng Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa xiaofeng Wang & Gong, sp. n. (Fig. 18) Etymology. The new species is named after Feng Xiao, one of three protagonists in the famous Chinese novel Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species superficially resembles Panorpa kunmingensis Fu & Hua, 2009 in general appearance, especially the wing markings reduced to several spots, and the triangular lobes in male A6. However, it can be readily differentiated by the following characters: 1) male hypovalves divergent terminally (cf. slightly convergent); 2) female axis of medigynium approximately twice as long as main plate (cf. approximately three times as long as the latter). Type series. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00173), burned area near the Sky Lake, 2740 m, 25°51’1’’ N 99°14’8’’ E, 12–28.ix.2020, leg. You-Jing Gong by Malaise Trap; Paratypes 2♂ 12♀ (CN20Pa00174CN20Pa00187), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 9.5–9.9 mm, AbL 8.4–8.8 mm, BL 11.5–12.0 mm, FL 10.0– 10.8 mm, FW 2.5–2.6 mm, HL 9.0– 9.6 mm, HW 2.3–2.4 mm; Female: AbL 7.0–8.0 mm, BL 10.0– 11.2 mm, FL 10.8–11.5 mm, FW 2.5–2.6 mm, HL 9.0–10.0 mm, HW 2.4–2.5 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex, occiput and rostrum yellowish brown. Ocellar triangle enclosed by dark spot. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with grayish brown, with apical and pterostigmal bands greatly reduced to several spots. Forewing 1A ending almost same level of ORs; and usually, two cross-veins between 1A and 2A (one in the left forewing, and none in the rightwing of holotype). Hindwings similar to forewings. Abdomen. T1–T5 yellowish brown. A6 deeply emarginated in V-shape and forming pair of rounded triangular lobes. A7 and A8 yellowish brown, A7 nearly cylindrical and greatly humped on dorsal apex, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellowish brown, oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, slightly tapering towards apex, with deep U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two parallel finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 9/10 as long as gonocoxites, with narrow basal stalk approximately as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves narrow, divergent, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli approximately half as long as gonocoxites, greatly incurvated along outer margin, with disc-shaped basal lobe and subtriangular median tooth. Parameres bifurcated, with both branches acute at apex, and covered with numerous microtrichia; ventral branch approximately 2/5 as long as dorsal branch; dorsal branch greatly elongated and bending outwards apically. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous and rounded; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel, and with finger-like projection apically. Description-female. Similar to males but with denser wing markings. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate oblong with slightly emarginated apex and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium with broad main plate approximately half as long as axis; posterior arms slender and slightly longer than main plate; apodemes of axis greatly divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan: Yunlong (Fig. 2).Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 266-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
FAR-RED INSENSITIVE219 Modulates CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 Activity via Physical Interaction to Regulate Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis
No full textAbstractFAR-RED INSENSITIVE219 (FIN219) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is involved in phytochrome A-mediated far-red (FR) light signaling. Previous genetic studies revealed that FIN219 acts as an extragenic suppressor of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the suppression of COP1 remains unknown. Here, we used a transgenic approach to study the regulation of COP1 by FIN219. Transgenic seedlings containing ectopic expression of the FIN219 amino (N)-terminal domain in wild-type Columbia (named NCox for the expression of the N-terminal coiled-coil domain and NTox for the N-terminal 300-amino acid region) exhibited a dominant-negative long-hypocotyl phenotype under FR light, reflected as reduced photomorphogenic responses and altered levels of COP1 and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). Yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that FIN219 could interact with the WD-40 domain of COP1 and with its N-terminal coiled-coil domain through its carboxyl-terminal domain. Further in vivo coimmunoprecipitation study confirms that FIN219 interacts with COP1 under continuous FR light. Studies of the double mutant fin219-2/cop1-6 indicated that HY5 stability requires FIN219 under darkness and FR light. Moreover, FIN219 levels positively regulated by phytochrome A can modulate the subcellular location of COP1 and are differentially regulated by various fluence rates of FR light. We conclude that the dominant-negative long-hypocotyl phenotype conferred by NCox and NTox in a wild-type background was caused by the misregulation of COP1 binding with the carboxyl terminus of FIN219. Our data provide a critical mechanism controlling the key repressor COP1 in response to FR light.</jats:p
Panorpa jinfoshana Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa jinfoshana Wang, sp. n. (Fig. 12) Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality, Mt. Jinfo (Jinfo Shan). Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species closely resembles Panorpa guttata Navás, 1908, but can be readily differentiated from the latter by the following characters: in males, 1) A6 with V-shaped emargination on dorsal apex, and forming pair of rounded lobes laterally (cf. narrow emargination and forming pair of truncated lobes laterally); 2) A6 with five small pointed teeth below rounded lobes on each lateral side (cf. only one); and in females, 3) medigynium with basally constricted basal plate (cf. with an oblong basal plate). Type series. CHINA: Chongqing: Nanchuan: Holotype ♂ (CN19Pa00239), Mt. Jinfo, Wind Blowing Ridge, 2220 m, 29°01’60’’ N 107°11’30’’ E, 19.viii.2019, leg. Ri-Xin JIANG; paratypes 5♂ 12♀ (CN19Pa00240–CN19Pa00256), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 9.8–10.2 mm, AbL 6.0- 6.5 mm, BL 9.0–10.0 mm, FL 10.8–11.2 mm, FW 2.3–2.5 mm, HL 10.0–11.0 mm, HW 2.2–2.4 mm; Female: AbL 7.2–7.5 mm, BL 9.0–10.0 mm, FL 11.0– 11.6 mm, FW 2.4–2.6 mm, HL 10.0– 10.3 mm, HW 2.3–2.5 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex, occiput and rostrum yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish brown, with greatly reduced brown markings. Pterostigma yellow and conspicuous. Forewing markings greatly reduced and scattered; only apical and pterostigmal bands present; 1A ending beyond level of ORs; and two cross-veins between 1A and 2A. Hindwings similar to forewings but nearly devoid of markings. Abdomen. T1–T5 yellowish brown and slightly deepened laterally. A6 yellowish brown, cylindrical, with deep V-shaped emargination on dorsal apex, and forming pair of broad triangular lobes laterally, and five small pointed teeth (dorsal one largest) below lobes on each lateral side. A7 and A8 yellowish brown, A7 nearly cylindrical and greatly humped on dorsal apex, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellowish brown, oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, tapering towards apex, with U-shaped terminal emargination and forming pair of short finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 7/8 as long as gonocoxites, with basal stalk approximately 1/3 as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves narrow, divergent in basal half and nearly parallel in distal half, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonocoxites bearing dense long stout setae on inner apex ventrally. Gonostyli shorter than half length of gonocoxites, with broad earlobe-shaped basal lobe and rounded median tooth, and row of long stout setae on basal half of ventral surface. Parameres furcated into two slender branches and covered with numerous microtrichia on inner margin of each branch; ventral branch long, stout and pointed apically; dorsal branch approximately 4/5 as long as ventral branch. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel, and with greatly constricted apex. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance except for denser wing markings and darker terga. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate oval with rounded apex, and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium with basally constricted basal plate; main plate approximately 1/2 as long as axis; posterior arms short and stout; apodemes greatly divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Chongqing: Nanchuan (Mt. Jinfo) (Fig. 2). Notes. In Mt. Jinfo, this species emerges later (August) than its coinhabiting species Panorpa liaoi Zhou & Zhou, 2007 and Panorpa jiangrixini Wang, sp. n. (June to July).Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 258-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
Panorpa nanzhao Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa nanzhao Wang, sp. n. (Figs 14 & 15) Etymology. The new species is named after the Nanzhao Kingdom (738–937 AD), centered in the modern Yunnan Province with Taihe (modern-day Taihe village, a few miles south of Dali) as its capital. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Panorpa liaoi Zhou & Zhou, 2007 in the nearly marking-less wings and the black male A6–A8, but can be differentiated from the latter by the following characters: in males, 1) hypandrium approximately 1/3 as long as gonocoxites (cf. approximately as long as gonocoxites); 2) parameres bifurcated (cf. trifurcated); 3) dorsal aedeagal process foliate with tapering apex (cf. with beveled apex); and in females, 4) medigynium with broad main plate nearly parallel on lateral margins (cf. with narrower main plate incurvated on lateral margins). Type series. CHINA: Yunnan: Dali: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00139), Mt. Cangshan, eastern slope of the Orchid Peak, 2550 m, 25°43’30’’ N 100°06’25’’ E, 11.viii.2020, leg. Ji-Shen Wang; paratypes 9♂ 3♀ (CN20Pa00140–CN20Pa00151), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 10.5–10.8 mm, AbL 6.4–7.0 mm, BL 10.0– 11.2 mm, FL 10.8–11.8 mm, FW 2.3–2.5 mm, HL 9.6–10.5 mm, HW 2.3–2.4 mm; Female: AbL 5.0–6.0 mm, BL 8.2–9.0 mm, FL 10.9–11.8 mm, FW 2.4–2.5 mm, HL 9.9–10.4 mm, HW 2.3–2.4 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex and occiput yellow, rostrum brown. Ocellar triangle black. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with grayish brown, and with only minute spot as pterostigmal band. Forewing 1A ending almost same level of ORs; and two cross-veins between 1A and 2A. Hindwings similar to forewings. Abdomen. T1–T5 black. A6 black, cylindrical. A7 and A8 black and slightly yellowing towards apex, A7 cylindrical, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellowish brown, oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, tapering towards apex, with U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 2/3 as long as gonocoxites, with basal stalk approximately 1/4 as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves slender, divergent, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli approximately half as long as gonocoxites, with broad earlobe-shaped basal lobe and rounded median tooth. Parameres bifurcated and covered with numerous microtrichia on inner margin of each branch; ventral branch very short and hook-like; dorsal branch slender, slightly convergent apically, arcuate in basal half and straight in distal half. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel, necklike in basal half and foliate in distal half, and slightly curved inward apically. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate oval with slightly pointed apex, and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium with broad main plate approximately 3/5 as long as axis; posterior arms short and thin, and approximately 1/3 as long as main plate; apodemes greatly divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan: Dali (Mt. Cangshan) (Fig. 2).Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 261-262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
Panorpa stella Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa stella Wang, sp. n. (Fig. 16) Etymology. The new specific epithet is the Latin stēlla (star, star shape), referring to the star-shaped pattern enclosing the ocellar triangle. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Panorpa kunmingensis Fu & Hua, 2009 in general appearance, but can be differentiated from the latter by the following characters: 1) head with star-shaped black pattern enclosing ocellar triangle, and another black patter on occiput; 2) wings with clear and dense markings (cf. scattered); in males, 3) A6 with pair of broad lobes greatly curled on ventral margin (cf. simple); 4) parameres bifurcated with ventral branch bifurcated subapically (cf. simple); and in females, 5) medigynium with main plate longer than axis (cf. shorter). Type series. CHINA: Yunnan: Yongde: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00152), Mt. Daxue (Great Snow), near Mangzha village, 2200 m, 24°12’10’’ N 99°37’18’’ E, 25.vii.2020, leg. Ji-Shen Wang; paratypes 7♀ (CN20Pa00153–CN20Pa00159), same data; paratype 1♂ (CN20Pa00160), Mt. Tangli, 2560 m, 24°02’56’’ N, 99°13’56’’ E, 29.vii.2020, leg. Ji-Shen Wang; Baoshan: paratypes 1♂ 1♀ (CN20Pa00161, CN20Pa00162), Gaoligong Mountains, Baihua (hundreds of flowers) Ridge, 2000 m, 25°18’00’’ N 98°47’14’’ E, 20.viii.2020, leg. Zhi-Wei Dong. Measurements. Male: AtL 9.0– 9.8 mm, AbL 7.3–8.5 mm, BL 10.8–11.8 mm, FL 11.2–12.0 mm, FW 2.7–2.8 mm, HL 10.2–11.0 mm, HW 2.6–2.7 mm; Female: AbL 7.0–8.0 mm, BL 11.0– 11.8 mm, FL 11.0– 12.4 mm, FW 2.7–2.8 mm, HL 10.0– 11.3 mm, HW 2.6–2.7 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex yellow, rostrum yellowish brown. Star-shaped black patter enclosing ocellar triangle, and another black pattern on occiput. Wings. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with grayish brown, markings blackish brown. Pterostigma reddish brown and conspicuous. Forewing apical band broad with oblique and irregular inner margin; pterostigma band with only anterior half present; basal band reduced to small spot above ending of 1A; marginal and basal spots absent; 1A ending beyond level of ORs; and two cross-veins between 1A and 2A. Hindwings similar to forewings, except for basal band absent. Abdomen. T1–T5 brown with continuous pale median stripe extending from T1 to T6. A6 yellowish brown and gradually lightning towards apex, cylindrical, with deep U-shaped emargination on dorsal apex, and forming pair of triangular lobes greatly curling outwards on ventral margin. A7 and A8 yellowish brown; A7 cylindrical and greatly humped on dorsal apex, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellowish brown, oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, tapering towards apex, with U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 3/4 as long as gonocoxites, with basal stalk approximately 2/3 as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves slender, arcuate, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli shorter than half length of gonocoxites, with subacute earlobe-shaped basal lobe and rounded median tooth. Parameres bifurcated and covered with numerous stout microtrichia; ventral branch short, bifurcated subapically into two pointed thorns; dorsal branch stout, slightly convergent apically, almost extending to level of apex of gonocoxites. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous, semicircular, and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel, and slightly curved inward at subacute apex. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance, except for denser wing markings (some individual with detached apical branch of pterostigmal band in forewings). Female genitalia. Subgenital plate subtrapezoidal with truncated apex, and sparse long setae marginally. Medigynium with broad main plate approximately 3/5 as long as axis; lateral margin of main plate thickened than median region; posterior arms slender, arcuate, and approximately 1/3 as long as main plate; apodemes divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan: Baoshan (Gaoligong Mountains), Yongde (Mts Daxue and Tangli) (Fig. 2). Notes. This species coinhabits with Panorpa parallela Wang & Hua, 2016 and Panorpa reflexa Wang & Hua, 2016 in Mts Daxue and Tangli, Yunnan.Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 263-265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
Panorpa huangguiqiangi Wang & Gong 2021, sp. n.
No full textPanorpa huangguiqiangi Wang, sp. n. (Fig. 10) Etymology. The new species is named after Gui-Qiang Huang, collector of the type specimens. Noun in the genitive case. Diagnosis. The new species is peculiar by the combination of the following characters: 1) wings markings greatly reduced and scattered, with inner portion of apical band and pterostigmal band forming two vertically inversed Y-shaped patterns; in males, 2) A6 with shallow arcuate emargination and forming pair of broad triangular lobes laterally at dorsal apex; 3) parameres bifurcated with slender ventral and dorsal branches; and in females, 4) medigynium with main plate broadest at middle and greatly curled marginally. Type series. CHINA: Guizhou: Liupanshui: Holotype ♂ (CN20Pa00114), Yushe National Forest Park, 2260 m, 26°27’32’’ N 104°48’08’’ E, 01.ix.2020, leg. Gui-Qiang Huang; paratypes 2♀ (CN20Pa00115, CN20Pa00116), same data. Measurements. Male: AtL 9.3 mm, AbL 7.0 mm, BL 9.2 mm, FL 9.6 mm, FW 2.2 mm, HL 8.5 mm, HW 2.1 mm; Female: AbL 6.8 mm, BL 10.2 mm, FL 10.6 mm, FW 2.6 mm, HL 9.2 mm, HW 2.5 mm. Description-male. Head. Vertex, occiput and rostrum light yellow, ocellar triangle black. Wings. Membrane hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown, markings dark brown. Pterostigma yellow and conspicuous. Forewing markings greatly reduced to spots; apical band splitting into two longitudinal parts; inner portion of apical band and pterostigmal band forming two vertically inversed Y-shaped patterns; other markings absent; 1A ending slightly beyond level of ORs; and two cross-veins between 1A and 2A. Hindwings similar to forewings with more reduced markings. Abdomen. T1–T5 yellowish brown, with yellow, continuous median stripe extending from T1 to T5. A6 yellowish brown, cylindrical, with shallow arcuate emargination on dorsal apex, and forming pair of broad triangular lobes laterally. A7 and A8 yellowish brown, A7 nearly cylindrical and greatly humped on dorsal apex, A8 constricted basally and beveled apically. Male genitalia. Genital bulb yellowish brown, oval. Epandrium extending beyond middle of gonostylus, tapering towards apex, with U-shaped terminal emargination and forming two short finger-like processes. Hypandrium Y-shaped and approximately 2/3 as long as gonocoxites, with basal stalk approximately half as long as hypovalves. Hypovalves narrow, divergent in basal half and nearly parallel in distal half, with sparse long bristles along inner margin. Gonostyli shorter than half length of gonocoxites, with broad earlobe-shaped basal lobe and rounded median tooth. Parameres furcated into two slender branches and covered with numerous microtrichia on inner margin of each branch; ventral branch approximately 4/5 as long as dorsal branch, and stout, curved and pointed apically; dorsal branch similar and crossed subapically. Ventral aedeagal valves membranous, elongated, and covered with numerous microtrichia; dorsal processes stout, greatly elongated, nearly parallel but slightly divergent apically, and with shallow emargination at apex. Description-female. Similar to males in general appearance except for denser wing markings and darker terga. Female genitalia. Subgenital plate subtrapezoidal with truncated apex, and sparse long setae on distal margin. Medigynium with main plate approximately 3/4 as long as axis, broadest at middle, and greatly curled marginally; posterior arms very short and stout; apodemes divergent basally. Distribution. CHINA: Guizhou: Liupanshui (Yushe) (Fig. 2). Notes. This species coinhabits with Panorpa latiloba Wang, sp. n. in the type locality.Published as part of Wang, Ji-Shen & Gong, You-Jing, 2021, Taxonomy of the Panorpaguttata group (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), withdescriptions of fourteen new species from China, pp. 241-274 in Zootaxa 4981 (2) on pages 255-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/492027
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