11 research outputs found
Epidemiology and integrated control of Potato Late Blight in Europe
No full textPhytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight, is a major threat to potato production in northwestern Europe. Before 1980, the worldwide population of P. infestans outside Mexico appeared to be asexual and to consist of a single clonal lineage of A1 mating type characterized by a single genotype. It is widely believed that new strains migrated into Europe in 1976 and that this led to subsequent population changes including the introduction of the A2 mating type. The population characteristics of recently collected isolates in NW Europe show a diverse population including both mating types, sexual reproduction and oospores, although differences are observed between regions. Although it is difficult to find direct evidence that new strains are more aggressive, there are several indications from experiments and field epidemics that the aggressiveness of P. infestans has increased in the past 20 years. The relative importance of the different primary inoculum sources and specific measures for reducing their role, such as covering dumps with plastic and preventing seed tubers from becoming infected, is described for the different regions. In NW Europe, varieties with greater resistance tend not to be grown on a large scale. From the grower’s perspective, the savings in fungicide input that can be achieved with these varieties are not compensated by the higher (perceived) risk of blight. Fungicides play a crucial role in the integrated control of late blight. The spray strategies in NW Europe and a table of the specific attributes of the most important fungicides in Europe are presented. The development and use of decision support systems (DSSs) in NW Europe are described. In The Netherlands, it is estimated that almost 40% of potato growers use recommendations based on commercially available DSS. In the Nordic countries, a new DSS concept with a fixed 7-day spray interval and a variable dose rate is being tested. In the UK, commercially available DSSs are used for c. 8% of the area. The validity of Smith Periods for the new population of P. infestans in the UK is currently being evaluated
Eindrapport evaluatie derde toetsing primaire waterkeringen
No full textOm te weten of de primaire waterkeringen in een goede staat verkeren en voldoen aan de wettelijk voorgeschreven veiligheidsnormen, worden deze eens in de vijf jaar getoetst. Medio 2011 is de derde toetsing van de primaire waterkeringen afgerond. Hiermee is een periode van vijf jaar afgesloten, waarin het Directoraat-Generaal Water (DGW) van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu, de Waterdienst van Rijkswaterstaat, de waterschappen, de regionale diensten van Rijkswaterstaat, de provincies en de Inspectie van Verkeer en Waterstaat (IVW) een intensief toetsproces doorliepen. De Landelijke Rapportage Toetsing (LRT) beschrijft het resultaat hiervan. Dit toetsproces is geëvalueerd, met als resultaat voorliggend eindrapport. \u91Betrokken overheidspartijen leren van de derde toetsing primaire waterkeringen voor volgende toetsingen\u92, dit is samengevat het doel van deze evaluatie. De conclusie is dat de derde toetsing van de primaire waterkeringen beter is verlopen dan de tweede toetsronde. Dit komt mede doordat een groot aantal van de verbeterpunten die volgden uit de evaluatie van de tweede toetsronde, is opgepakt. Dit heeft ook tot betere resultaten geleid. Nog nooit is er zoveel zicht geweest op de staat van de primaire waterkeringen
Author Correction: Biological heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identified through unsupervised transcriptomic profiling of whole blood (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (7104), 10.1038/s41467-021-27326-0)
No full text\ua9 2022, The Author(s).The original version of this Article omitted Richard C Trembath from the UK National PAH Cohort Study consortium from Health and Life Sciences, King’s College London. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Synthetic analogues of FTY720 differentially regulate pulmonary vascular permeability in vivo and in vitro JPET #153544 2 RUNNING TITLE PAGE Running title: FTY720 analogues alter vascular permeability *Corresponding Author
No full textAlfred Mahlau (1894-1967) - Maler, Grafiker und Dozent
No full textAlfred Mahlau (1894-1967) - Maler, Grafiker und Dozent
Der erfolgreiche Künstler und Dozent Alfred Mahlau zeichnete sich durch seine Vielfalt in
der Freien und Angewandten Kunst und seine langjährige Lehrtätigkeit an der Hamburger
Hochschule für Bildende Künste aus. Er wurde am 21.6.1894 in Berlin geboren und
beendete im Jahre 1919 seine Ausbildung als Zeichenlehrer für Höhere Schulen. Als ein
historischer Zeitzeuge erlebte Alfred Mahlau das wechselhafte 20.Jahrhundert mit dem
Ende der Kaiserzeit, den beiden Weltkriegen, als russischer Kriegsgefangener und den
Nachkriegsjahren in Hamburg. Die Gründungsjahre der Bundesrepublik Deutschland erfuhr er als Dozent an der Hamburger Landeskunstschule. Seine traumatischen Kriegserlebnisse verdrängte er und zählte damit zur sogenannten „schweigsamen Generation“.
Bereits im Jahre 1919 arbeitete Alfred Mahlau als „Freier Künstler“. Ein Plakatentwurf für
die „Nordische Woche“ im Jahre 1921 offenbarte seine Begabung in der Angewandten
Kunst. Zunächst noch widerstrebend, nahm er sein grafisches Talent an und gestaltete als Gebrauchsgrafiker in den folgenden Jahrzehnten ästhetische, werbewirksame Entwürfe auf den unterschiedlichsten Gegenständen und Materialien. Seine Erfolge als Werbegrafiker, Textil-, Produkt- und Industriedesigner, dehnte er auf die Innenarchitektur und die Bühnenbildnerei aus. Zahlreiche zeitlose „corporate designs“ für Unternehmen - unter anderem für die Schwartauer Marmeladenfabrik oder JGN-Niederegger ab 1924 - zeugen bis heute von seiner Arbeit. Der Künstler war ein Pionier, der seit den 20er Jahren die Ideale des Deutschen Werkbundes in seiner angewandten Kunst aufnahm und die neuentdeckten technischen Möglichkeiten in vielfältiger Weise - sogar für den Film - nutzbringend einsetzte.
Alfred Mahlaus Freie Kunst zeichnete sich durch kleinformatige, realistisch-idealisierten
Reise- und Landschaftsdarstellungen seiner „Weiten Welt“ und detailreichen
Stillleben seiner „Nahen Welt“ aus. Als Wander- und Reisemaler entwickelte er
schon in den 20er Jahren seine Technik der lavierten Federzeichnung. Mit seinen
Motiven strebte eine intuitive, „in situ“ festgehaltene Momentaufnahme seiner
aquarellierten Szenen an; die Linie dienten ihm als strukturierendes Element. Bis an
sein Lebensende hielt der Sezessionist kompromisslos an dieser Technik fest, die er
für „bewährt“ und zeitlos erachtete. Er strebte eine ästhetische Perfektionierung seines
Zeichenstils an. Ungeachtet seiner Erfolge blieben dem bescheidenen, zurückhaltenden
Künstler avantgardistische Charakterzüge und eine Kunst als Selbstzweck fremd. Von dem Einfluss moderner Kunstrichtungen, dem wechselhaften eigenen Schicksal und dem seiner Epoche, hielt der Künstler sich möglichst fern.
Es ist kein Zufall, dass sich Alfred Mahlaus romantisch-idealisierten Landschaftszeichnungen und seine neosachliche Gebrauchsgrafik in das Ideal der „Neue Deutsche Kunst“ einfügten. In 624 der NS-Epoche wurde er in die „Gottbegnadetenliste“ aufgenommen und vom Kriegesdienst befreit. In dieser Zeit schwankte der Künstler beständig zwischen den Ängsten um seine Familie - einer halbjüdischen Frau und einer behinderten Tochter - und seinem beruflichen Ehrgeiz. Während der letzten Kriegsmonate 1944/1945 erhielt er die Erlaubnis die zerstörte Hauptstadt Berlin „in situ“ zu zeichnen. Mit diesen Zeitdokumenten bewies er sein Talent als ein historischer Chronist, die Ruinenzeichnungen sind jedoch verschollen.
In den Nachkriegsjahren gelang es Alfred Mahlau mit seinem realistischen Zeichenstil
nicht, an die zeitgenössischen Strömungen in der Malerei anzuknüpfen. Seine Arbeiten
wurden zu „Nebenpfaden“, sie wirkten altmeisterlich und antimodern. Erst mit zeitlicher
Distanz wird sich zeigen, inwieweit seine Arbeiten dieser Zeitströmungen innerhalb in die
Kunstgeschichte eingeordnet werden können. Eine Revision der Auffassung in der Malerei kann nur von zukünftigen Generationen erfolgen.
Alfred Mahlaus übernahm nach seiner Rückkehr aus der Kriegsgefangenschaft im Jahre
1946 als Dozent die Leitung einer Freien Grafikklasse an der Hamburger Landeskunstschule.
Hier gelang es ihm seine pädagogische Begabung mit seiner Freien und Angewandten Kunst zu verknüpfen. Sein praxisnaher Unterricht ebnete mittels Naturstudien und öffentlichen Aufträgen einer ganzen Generation junger Künstler den Weg in die gebrauchsgraphische Arbeitswelt. Im Jahre 1955 wurde Alfred Mahlau zum Professor ernannt, zeitweise leitete er die Hochschule für Bildende Künste kommissarisch. Als ein unvergessenes Vorbild vermittelte er mit seiner Ästhetik und Disziplin den nachfolgenden Künstlergenerationen wertvolle Impulse, die bis heute nachwirken: Die schwächsten Schüler sammelten Erfahrungen für einen mehr praktisch orientierten künstlerischen Beruf, den Begabtesten bot sein Unterricht ein Fundament für die eigene künstlerische Entwicklung auf dem Weg in das Freie Künstlertum. Zahlreiche Schüler führten sein Werk fort, sie wurden Lehrer oder Dozenten, andere beschritten eigene künstlerische Wege, darunter Horst Janssen, Vicco von Bülow, Peter Neugebauer, Heino Jäger, Ekkehard Thieme und andere.
Im Jahre 1959 beendete Alfred Mahlau seine Tätigkeit an der Hamburger Hochschule für
Bildende Künste. Geprägt durch eine schwere Krankheit litt er unter seiner schwindenden
Schaffenkraft. Er verstarb am 22. Januar 1967. Seither würdigten eine Vielzahl von
Retrospektiven, Einzel- und Gemeinschaftsausstellungen - mit oder ohne seine ehemaligen Schüler - Alfred Mahlaus Werke. Die Faszination für Alfred Mahlaus ästhetisch-zeitlose Kunst dauert bis heute an.Alfred Mahlau (1894-1967) - Painter, graphic-designer and teacher
Alfred Mahlau was a creative, multi-talented and generally gifted artist, who is still
underestimated in the art-history of the 20th. Century. Born in Berlin in June 1894, he survived both World War 1. and World War 2. as a veteran. He never talked about his experiences and belongs to the so called “silent generation.”
As a quiet, sensitive and decent person without narcissistic traits, he prefered to offer his
talents towards a common interest. As a realistic, accomplished painter, creative graphic designer and disciplined teacher, he inspired many generations of artists. Alfred Mahlau
was a passionate freelance artist, a popular arts-and-crafts designer, and a teacher and a
writer as well who managed to combine a variety of creative techniques and styles in his
work.
His talent as a graphic-designer was discovered after he won a poster-competition for
the “Nordische Woche” in Lübeck 1921. In the following years he developed popular
advertisements, posters and illustrations, worked as a set- and interior-designer, painted
murals and walls, worked as a textile-designer, a product- and industrial designer and in
other artistic fields. Alfred Mahlau’s talent in decorating all kinds of objects and materials
distinguished him as an extraordinary graphic-designer. Furthermore he was one of the
first graphic-designers to develop an integrated “corporate-design” for different companies, especially local firms around Lübeck and Hamburg. Early in the 20th Century he created the “corporate identities” for “JGN-Niederegger” or the “Schwartauer Werke” in Lübeck, which have been popular ever since. He was also a pioneer where the century’s technical advancements were concerned, and managed to express and realize his creative ideas in many different shapes and forms, including in movies.
Among his sublime paintings you’ll find many neo-romantic, ideal landscapes and sensitive still-lifes. As a travelling artist he developed his own characteristic style of coloured penand- ink drawings. He focused on representational drawings with structured lines to control and focus his work. After he established his very own way of working he never changed his style again, no matter the contemporary art-styles, his personal faith or political events. He was passionate to make every drawing a perfect masterpiece.
During World War 2. his art was very famous, his neo-romantic paintings and objective
graphic-designs were in tune with the “New German Art” style. He became a member of
the “Gottbegnadeten-list”. In his personal life he was caught between the fear about his
family - a partly Jewish wife and a mental-handicapped daughter - and his artistic success.
Nonetheless he managed to draw a series of the ruins in Berlin 1944/45 as a very objective, dispassionate historical source. In a world focused on abstract modern art, his traditional style was soon out of fashion. His resolution and commitment to his own ways could be 626 seen as his personal manifest against the fast changing fashions in art.
Therefore only future generations may find a place for Alfred Mahlau’s paintings in art history.
After the second World War he went on to become head of a graphic-design class
at the reopened “Hamburger Landeskunstschule”. In the following years he was a well
established lecturer - since 1955 he held the title of professor - who was
constantly supportive of his students and the demands of the school. He combined didactics with his experiences from his painting and his arts-and-craft work. His teachings on nature-studies and practical commissions from companies or private customers enabled his students to get some realistic experiences in the field of graphic-design.
As an outstanding example he used his discipline and reliability to support the
students to find jobs as graphic-designers, while enabling the most talented artists
in his class to develop their own style. A lot of his students went on to become
lecturers themselves, and his class produced some extraordinary talents including
Horst Janssen, Vicco von Bülow, Peter Neugebauer, Heino Jäger and many others.
After 13 years of teaching he left the “Hamburger Hochschule für Bildende Künste” and
retired. He died after a long period of illness in January 1967 in Hamburg. Since then,
different smaller or extensive retrospective exhibitions, with or without his former students, have been on display. The fascination with Alfred Mahlau’s timeless work still remains to this day
Biological heterogeneity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension identified through unsupervised transcriptomic profiling of whole blood
No full text\ua9 2021, The Author(s).Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare but fatal disease diagnosed by right heart catheterisation and the exclusion of other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, producing a heterogeneous population with varied treatment response. Here we show unsupervised machine learning identification of three major patient subgroups that account for 92% of the cohort, each with unique whole blood transcriptomic and clinical feature signatures. These subgroups are associated with poor, moderate, and good prognosis. The poor prognosis subgroup is associated with upregulation of the ALAS2 and downregulation of several immunoglobulin genes, while the good prognosis subgroup is defined by upregulation of the bone morphogenetic protein signalling regulator NOG, and the C/C variant of HLA-DPA1/DPB1 (independently associated with survival). These findings independently validated provide evidence for the existence of 3 major subgroups (endophenotypes) within the IPAH classification, could improve risk stratification and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of IPAH
Adult and community education in the wear valley district of county Durham
No full textThroughout the 1980's traditional liberal adult education * in Britain has been in crisis. Changes in the ways it is funded and organised, coupled with the breakdown of the liberal progressive ideologies which have informed its theory and practice since the turn of the century, cast doubt upon the extent to which adult education still exists as an identifiable part of the British educational system and idea. The public image of adult education is ambiguous and informed by very little public debate about the role or purpose of adult education in modern societies. its practitioner image is still, predominantly, one of public service. in this thesis i describe what happened when I set out to examine the extent to which there was still a viable adult education service (particularly for unemployed people) in a small area of the north east of England characterised by long term social and economic decline. There is very little sociology of adult education. There is no theoretical knowledge base upon which to ground this study and no methodological framework within which to situate it. The research has been, primarily, a search for methods of research which would allow that adult education is both a social construction and a cultural phenomenon. I have drawn heavily upon the methods of both cultural studies and cultural anthropology while eschewing their more descriptive moments, believing, in the end, that sociology has a definite de-mystifying purpose: that it is, or should be, 'the critic of the absurd and not its high priest'
0002
No full textDAILY PALO ALTO TIMES. WEDNESDAY. APR, n. 1915.
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Genetic determinants of risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: international genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis
No full text\ua9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Rare genetic variants cause pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the contribution of common genetic variation to disease risk and natural history is poorly characterised. We tested for genome-wide association for pulmonary arterial hypertension in large international cohorts and assessed the contribution of associated regions to outcomes. Methods: We did two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These GWAS used data from four international case-control studies across 11 744 individuals with European ancestry (including 2085 patients). One GWAS used genotypes from 5895 whole-genome sequences and the other GWAS used genotyping array data from an additional 5849 individuals. Cross-validation of loci reaching genome-wide significance was sought by meta-analysis. Conditional analysis corrected for the most significant variants at each locus was used to resolve signals for multiple associations. We functionally annotated associated variants and tested associations with duration of survival. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint in survival analyses. Findings: A locus near SOX17 (rs10103692, odds ratio 1\ub780 [95% CI 1\ub755–2\ub708], p=5\ub713
7 10 –15 ) and a second locus in HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 (collectively referred to as HLA-DPA1/DPB1 here; rs2856830, 1\ub756 [1\ub742–1\ub771], p=7\ub765
7 10 –20 ) within the class II MHC region were associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The SOX17 locus had two independent signals associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (rs13266183, 1\ub736 [1\ub725–1\ub748], p=1\ub769
7 10 –12 ; and rs10103692). Functional and epigenomic data indicate that the risk variants near SOX17 alter gene regulation via an enhancer active in endothelial cells. Pulmonary arterial hypertension risk variants determined haplotype-specific enhancer activity, and CRISPR-mediated inhibition of the enhancer reduced SOX17 expression. The HLA-DPA1/DPB1 rs2856830 genotype was strongly associated with survival. Median survival from diagnosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with the C/C homozygous genotype was double (13\ub750 years [95% CI 12\ub707 to >13\ub750]) that of those with the T/T genotype (6\ub797 years [6\ub702–8\ub705]), despite similar baseline disease severity. Interpretation: This is the first study to report that common genetic variation at loci in an enhancer near SOX17 and in HLA-DPA1/DPB1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Impairment of SOX17 function might be more common in pulmonary arterial hypertension than suggested by rare mutations in SOX17. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping and survival, and to determine whether HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping improves risk stratification in clinical practice or trials. Funding: UK NIHR, BHF, UK MRC, Dinosaur Trust, NIH/NHLBI, ERS, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, EU, AHA, ACClinPharm, Netherlands CVRI, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of UMC, Netherlands OHRD and RNAS, German DFG, German BMBF, APH Paris, INSERM, Universit\ue9 Paris-Sud, and French ANR
Nitrogen removal and the fate of Nitrate in Riparian buffer zones
No full textRiparian buffer zones, adjacent to waterways, may protect water quality by intercepting and removing nitrogen in runoff from agricultural land. This research comprised four parts: (1) a field study of nitrogen buffering by differently vegetated riparian zones in a United Kingdom (UK) sheep-grazed pastoral catchment; (2) a field study of surface and subsurface runoff hydrology, and nitrogen flux, in a UK riparian wetland; (3) a laboratory study ((^15)N tracer-isotope dilution) of microbial inorganic nitrogen production and removal processes in the UK riparian wetland soil; and (4) a laboratory microcosm study ((^15)tracer) of nitrate removal processes in bare and plant-inhabited (Glyceria declinata) New Zealand (NZ) riparian wetland soil. Dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium were generally more important components of subsurface runoff than nitrate in the three UK riparian zones. All riparian zones were poor buffers having minimal effect on the nitrogen concentration of subsurface runoff. In the UK riparian wetland site subsurface (saturated zone) and surface 'preferential flow paths' typically conveyed large quantities of catchment runoff rapidly into, and across the site, and hindered nitrogen buffering. However, under low flow conditions, runoff-riparian soil contact increased and the wetland decreased the catchment nitrogen flux by 27%. In the UK riparian wetland soil most nitrate removal was attributable to denitrification (87- 100%) as opposed to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) (0-13%) and immobilisation (0-10%). Total ((^14)N+(^15)N) transformation rates for these processes were 1.3-47, 0.5-1.5 and 0.6-2.5 μg N g soil(^-1) hr(^-1) respectively. In the NZ riparian wetland soil Glyceria declinata assimilated 11-15% of nitrate but, more importantly, increased soil oxidation and altered the proportions of nitrate removal attributable to denitrification (from 29% to 61-63%) and DNRA (from 49 to <1%), but not immobilisation (22-26%). Denitrification and, thus, nitrogen buffering might be enhanced, in some riparian zones by increasing the extent of moderately anoxic soil with plants that release oxygen from their roots or with water table management
