672 research outputs found
Barriers to sustaining antiretroviral treatment in Kisesa, Tanzania: a follow-up study to understand attrition from the antiretroviral program.
No full textTwo years after the introduction of free antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania and in spite of the logistical support provided to facilitate clinic attendance, a considerable level of attrition from the program was identified among clients from a semi-rural ward. Qualitative research on ART patients' health-seeking behavior identified factors affecting sustained attendance at treatment clinics. A mix of methods was used for data collection including semi-structured interviews with 42 clients and 11 service providers and 4 participatory group activities conducted with members of a post-test group between October and December 2006. A socio-ecological framework guided data analysis to categorize facilitators and barriers into individual, social, programmatic, and structural level influences, and subsequently explored their interaction and relative significance in shaping ART clients' behavior. Our findings suggest that personal motivation and self-efficacy contribute to program retention, and are affected by other individual-level experiences such as perceived health benefits or disease severity. However, these determinants are influenced by others' opinions and beliefs in the community, and constrained by programmatic and structural barriers. Individuals can develop the requisite willingness to sustain strict treatment requirements in a challenging context, but are more likely to do so within supportive family and community environments. Effectiveness and sustainability of ART roll-out could be strengthened by strategic intervention at different levels, with particular attention to community-level factors such as social networks' influence and support
Current evidence from the Randomised Controlled Trials Rehabilitation Checklist (RCTRACK) reporting guideline project
No full textstatus: Publishe
Tres preguntas sobre la economía como ciencia y como práctica
No full textEste texto corresponde a la lección impartida por el Prof. Juan R. Cuadrado Roura con ocasión de su investidura como Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Málaga. El autor desarrolla algunas reflexiones personales sobre el sentido de la Economía como ciencia y como praxis. Subraya, en primer lugar, que la Ciencia Económica no puede seguir siendo calificada como una ciencia triste, según la expresión de T. Carlyle, ni tampoco propensa al pesimismo, como podría deducirse de las propuestas de algunos economistas ilustres. Asimismo, hace incapié en que los conocimientos económicos no pueden reducirse a planteamientos simplemente especulativos, sino que deben tener una proyección hacia la realidad de nuestro entorno, contribuyendo a resolver los problemas que preocupan a los individuos y a la sociedad en su conjunto. Y, por último, reflexiona también sobre las relaciones entre Economía y Ética, reafirmando que la primera no puede ser tan aséptica como algunos han pretendido sino que, por el contrario, el economista debe comprometerse con algunos principios y valores, mostrándose con ello muy próximo al pensamiento de autores como A. Marshall, A.C. Pingou, G. Myrdal, R.H. Coase y A. Sen.This is the transcript of the lecture given by Prof. Juan R. Cuadrado-Roura in his investiture ceremony as Honoris Causa Doctor by the University of Malaga. The author reflects on Economics as a science and praxis. He underlines that Economics cannot be qualified as a "dismal science" as T. Carlyle suggested. Nor should Economics be regarded as pessimistic, as some distinguished economists seem to propose. The author emphasizes that economic knowledge cannot be limited to simply speculative approaches because its progress must contribute to solve the real problems of individuals and the society. Finally, he reflects on the relationship between Economics and Ethics and he reasserts that Economics cannot be as aseptic as some autohrs have stated; on the contrary, he does agree with the approaches adopted by A. Marsall, A.C. Pigou, G. Myrdal, R.H. Coase and A. Sen in that economists should commit to certain principles and values
7.1 The organizations of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the world: The international society of physical and rehabilitation medicine
No full textIn search of solutions for evidence generation in rehabilitation: the second Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting.
No full textNegrini S, Meyer T, Arienti C, Malmivaara A, Frontera W. In search of solutions for evidence generation in rehabilitation: the second Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meeting. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2019;99(3):181-182.The availability of evidence to support rehabilitation has been a long-standing challenge. We believe that now is the time to start a systematic process of improvement. For this reason, Cochrane rehabilitation is producing an effort to improve the methodology used to generate evidence. Two Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodology Meetings (CRMM) have been performed (Paris, France, July 2018; Kobe, Japan, June 2019) and 2 others programmed (Milan, Italy, February 2020; Orlando, USA, March 2020). All material discussed during CRMMs is published. In this issue we have the papers from the Kobe CRMM about blinding, current reporting standards for population and comparison groups, and the protocol of the RCT Rehabilitation Checklists (RCTRACK) project.The articles published in this issue aim to help the rehabilitation scientific community to move forward, to improve the process of generating evidence in rehabilitation, and to strengthen our field as presented to the general scientific community. To accomplish these goals we need to clearly describe our methods and our approach to future rehabilitation research. Not all fields of study can apply the same methodology in science, but each field must define its research methodology and demonstrate the characteristics that make it a specific field of inquiry
Optimized EDXRF system for simultaneous detection of gold and silver nanoparticles in tumor phantom
No full text"This work has been supported by the Universidad de La Frontera through its ""Direccion de Investigacion"" DIUFRO grants DI19-1005 DI18-0106 and by CONICYT Chile program through FONDECYT program grant No. 11150673. Author R. Saavedra would like to thank CONICYT Chile for scholarship No. 22151920.
The scientific article and the future of physical and rehabilitation medicine
No full textScientific research is the process by which new information and/or knowledge is generated. This knowledge can serve the purpose of supporting the practice of a medical specialty like physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). The research process consists of various steps including the dissemination of the findings in the form of a scientific article. Progress in science and medicine is communicated to others through the scientific article. The number of journals and articles in science in general and in the field of physical and rehabilitation medicine in particular has been increasing in the last few decades. This trend is expected to continue because of the expansion of research (including clinical trials) in the field and other activities such as the initiation of Cochrane Rehabilitation. Authors should understand the sections of a scientific article, the peer-review process, the hierarchy of levels of evidence, new rules regarding scientific reporting, and the need to prevent scientific misconduct through education
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