6,422 research outputs found
Correspondence received by Mary Augusta Walker from Heather Mason
No full textCorrespondence received by Mary Augusta Walker from Heather [Mason] 1907- 1908 from Reading UK: regarding sculpture, bronze relief accepted for Royal Academy, "Varnishing Day"- medal well placed, Australian artists did well, medal from R.A. gone to Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, "Beaux Arts" Paris - relief of Kit, Mary's silhouettes fashionable; exams for British Dairy Farmers Certificate for Butter-making- bacteriology examiner, churning in Royal Counties show; Kit's music pupils. . Private Deposit W.9/ L9 (18-23
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No full textHere is a curious book. Its title-page declares "The Artist's Book of Fables" but its pre-title-page has "Fables, Original and Selected, with a Memoir of the Author." After that title-page, it is identical with "Fables, Original and Selected" as in our copy printed by John Murray in 1833. There is again an AI at the front and an index of engravings and engravers at the back. I found that copy twenty years ago. I had found an inferior copy twenty-two years before that. At that time, I noted Aesopic fables here including "Stone Broth" and "The Mouse and the Oyster."This is a hardbound book (hard cover)James Northcote, R.A
Effects of nociceptin and analogues of nociceptin upon spontaneous dorsal root activity recorded from an in vitro preparation of rat spinal cord
No full textThe 17 amino acid peptide nociceptin has been implicated in pain modulation in the central nervous system. The effects of bath applied
nociceptin, and some analogues of nociceptin, upon spontaneous lumbar dorsal root activity have been investigated in an isolated preparation
of rat spinal cord. Nociceptin was found to reversibly depress spontaneous dorsal root activity at concentrations of 1.0 mMand 10.0 mM(IC50
2.0 mM), whereas acetyl-nociceptin at concentrations up to 10 mMhad no detectable effect. Omission of the last four amino acids (nociceptin
1–13), increased the potency of the effect upon dorsal root activity by approximately 100-fold (IC50 30 nM), but activity was lost when only
the first seven amino acids of the nociceptin molecule (nociceptin 1–7) were tested
Effects of amino acid antagonists on spontaneous dorsal root activity and evoked dorsal horn field potentials in an isolated preparation of rat spinal cord
No full textFast and slow dorsal horn field potentials and spontaneous dorsal root activity were recorded from 19-23-day-old rat isolated spinal cord preparations. The effects of GABA, glycine, and glutamate antagonists were tested on these recordings. CNQX, an AMPA/kainate antagonist, reduced all 3 components of the dorsal horn field potential whereas MK801, an NMDA ion channel antagonist, reduced the fast S2 component and the slow wave. Both reduced spontaneous dorsal root activity. NMDA antagonists, D-AP5, 7-chlorokynurenic acid and arcaine, and the metabotropic glutamate antagonists L-AP3 and ethylglutamic acid, while having little effect on the fast components of the field potential, all reduced the slow component. The GABA antagonist, bicuculline, and the glycine antagonist, strychnine, while having no effect on the fast S1 and slow components of the field potential, reduced both the fast S2 component of the field potential and spontaneous dorsal root activity. These results suggest that non-NMDA glutamate receptors are involved in low and high threshold transmission to dorsal horn neurones while NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors are primarily involved in high threshold transmission and both GABA and glycine have roles in the transmission or modulation of sensory information within the dorsal horn of the cord
Blast wave attenuation using liquid sheets
No full textStrong blast waves, such as those associated with gun fire or rocket exhausts, can cause serious physiological and/or structural damage. It is necessary, therefore, to develop ways in which to minimise this damage whilst still allowing the system that produces the blast waves to function normally. In an effort to develop such a system this study has examined, both theoretically and experimentally, the interaction that occurs when a shock wave is passed along a free unconstrained liquid tube before emerging into the surrounding atmosphere. In the theoretical analysis the problem was confined to the two-dimensional case and involved dividing the liquid sheet up into infinitesimal sections that were then regarded as small piston-cylinder systems, which were driven by the high pressure shocked gas behind the shock wave. The results from these one-dimensional systems were then used as input into a two-dimensional solution of the wave equation which predicted the gross changes in the remainder of the space. The experimental investigation involved laboratory experiments that examined, visually and with pressure transducers, the result of the shock/liquid interactions in two-dimensional and axi-symmetric cases, both between and external to the liquid sheets. The experimental investigation also included field trials that examined the pressure profiles of blast waves that were produced when a shock wave, which resulted from the ignition of a rocket motor, was passed along a liquid tube. From this work it was found that the high pressure gas, behind the shock wave, caused the liquid sheets to move perpendicularly from the line of travel of the shock wave which in turn caused expansion waves and compression waves to propagate out from the face of the water sheets, into the shocked gas and the surrounding atmosphere, respectively. These compression waves were then found to interact with the weak blast (produced when the shock, which had been weakened by the expansion waves, emerged into the atmosphere) in such a way that they produced a weaker blast field than would have been the case had the shock wave emerged directly into the atmosphere; the maximum observed reduction in the strength of the blast wave was 16.4 dB. Experiments were also performed that examined the effect of using rigid sheets in place of liquid sheets. From these experiments it was found that the differences between the liquid and rigid sheet cases was a function of the size of the inertial barrier (i.e. the mass of the water sheet) that the water presented to the shocked gas. Consequently, it was noted that, in terms of attenuating the blast wave, the rigid sheets proved to be inferior to the thicker water sheets and superior to the thinner water sheets. However, when the spectra of the pressure disturbances were examined it was found that, with regard to the attenuation of the 2-4 kHz region of the spectra, all the liquid sheet results showed an improvement in relation to the rigid sheet results
Turbulent entrainment in a shearless mixing layer at the edge of a cloud
No full textThree-dimensional direct numerical simulations which combine the Eulerian description of temperature, vapor content and velocity with a Lagrangian ensemble of cloud water droplets are used to study the turbulent entrainment and subsequent mixing of clear air with a cloudy air filament. The study is conducted in a shearless mixing layer setup which is adjusted to realistic conditions at a cumulus cloud boundary. The magnitude of turbulent velocity fluctuations in- and outside the cloud can be varied independently. We find that the evolution of the cloud water droplet ensemble depends slightly only on the contrast of turbulent velocity fluctuations in- and outside the cloud filament. The buoyancy feedback on the flow via the evaporating droplets causes a transient amplification of all fluctuations before the turbulence eventually decays. We study the evolution of the probability density functions of droplet size as well as of supersaturation, temperature and vorticity at the droplet positions
Perineurial abnormalities in the spontaneously diabetic dog
No full textStructural abnormalities of the perineurium from six spontaneously diabetic dogs (diabetes duration 4-8 years and six control animals were quantified using detailed electron microscopic morphometric methods on superficial peroneal nerve biopsy specimens. Total perineurial sheath thickness (microm) was significantly increased in diabetic (8.8+/-0.6) compared to control animals (6.2+/-0.3) (P < 0.02). This was attributed to a significant increase in the mean perineurial lamellar width in diabetic (0.49+/-0.03) compared to control (0.40+/-0.01) (P < 0.04) animals. The number of lamellae also showed a non-significant increase in diabetic animals (7.8+/-0.4) compared to controls (6.9+/-0.13) (P < 0.06). There was no change in the mean interlamellar space in diabetic (0.7+/-0.05) compared to control (0.6+/-0.06) (P = 0.15) animals. The total interlamellar space was increased in diabetic (5.7+/-0.5) compared to control (4.1+/-0.36) (P < 0.04) animals. The perineurial cell basement membrane thickness (nm) was significantly increased in diabetic (126.9+/-9.8) compared to control (62.8+/-6.1) (P < 0.005) animals. The current study has demonstrated significant abnormalities of the perineurium in the spontaneously diabetic dog, which may have relevance to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy
Sural nerve fibre pathology in diabetic patients with mild neuropathy: relationship to pain, quantitative sensory testing and peripheral nerve electrophysiology
No full textNerve fibre pathology is poorly described in diabetic patients with mild neuropathy and has not been adequately related to clinical evaluation, quantitative sensory examination and neurophysiology. Sural nerve myelinated and unmyelinated fibre pathology was morphometrically quantified and related to the presence of pain and conventional measures of neuropathic severity in 15 diabetic patients with mild neuropathy and 14 control subjects. Diabetic patients demonstrated a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in myelinated fibre density, but no change in fibre/axonal area, or g-ratio, compared to control subjects. Unmyelinated fibre degeneration was evidenced by an increase in the percentage of unassociated Schwann cell profiles (P < 0.0001) and a reduction in axon density (P < 0.0008) in diabetic patients. This was associated with a significant reduction in unmyelinated axon diameter (P < 0.001) with a shift of the size frequency distribution to the left (P < 0.02). Neurophysiology, quantitative sensory testing and nerve fibre pathology failed to differentiate diabetic patients with painful and painless neuropathy and failed to correlate with any measure of unmyelinated fibre pathology
Flyleaf of The Village Politicians, signed by author and publisher R.A. Parsons, and printed by Guardian Ltd.
No full textNewIntroduction. Flyleaf of the The Village Politicans by R.A. Parsons and printed by Guardian Ltd.DA vol. 15 no.
Non-Linear Time Series Analysis of Deep Groundwater Levels: An application to the Veluwe
No full textThe objective of this study is to improve the simulation of deep groundwater levels by time se- ries models with pre-defined impulse response functions. This is attempted by adding a conceptual non-linear root zone model to simulate the recharge series to the model and by testing the use of a separate response function for the percolation zone. Three root zone models are developed based on two different recharge mechanisms: preferential flow, percolation, and a combination of the two. The performance of these models is compared to a linear model that is commonly used in time se- ries models to simulate the recharge. The approach is applied to groundwater level measurements in the Veluwe, a largely forested area in the Netherlands characterized by thick unsaturated zones. The effect of groundwater extractions and land reclamations is added to the model to further im- prove the simulation of the groundwater levels. The models are tested on three observations wells with increasing thickness of the unsaturated zone, varying from 7 m to 29 m to 49 m. The results show that model performance is improved by the implementation of a non-linear root zone model, particularly in simulating the peaks and lows in the groundwater levels. The recharge fluxes simulated by the non-linear models show different patterns that are physically more realistic than those simulated by the linear model. It is shown that different recharge series result in simulated groundwater levels that are very similar. This is a clear example of equifinality and it is recommended to introduce new sources of information to validate the modelled processes (e.g., water content measurements of the percolation zone or actual evaporation data). For the shallow well, the models with a single response function are selected as the best. The largest improvements for the deeper groundwater levels are obtained by the addition of a separate response for the percolation zone. For example, the average deviation from the observed ground- water levels decreased 0.18 m to 0.08 m for the deepest observation well by applying the separate response function. The models with an additional response function were better at simulating the estimated time to peak, the time it takes a recharge pulse to cause a peak in the groundwater levels. The time to peak is introduced in this research as a qualitative indicator to validate the modelled processes. The simulated responses indicate that the groundwater levels respond very quickly to water that leaves the root zone, even though the percolation zone is tens of metres thick. For each of the observations wells it is investigated if adding the effect of groundwater extrac- tions or land reclamations of Flevoland to the models improves the simulation of the groundwater levels. For the shallow well it is concluded that either the effect of land reclamations or groundwater extractions needs to be taken into account. Since these two stresses are correlated, it is concluded that only one of these should be taken into account when no further information is available to con- strain the models. For the medium deep well, the additional stresses did not significantly improve model performance and it is concluded that they do not have to be taken into account for this well. For the deep well, model performance is improved by both stresses. The largest improvements are observed when the effect of groundwater extractions is considered in the model. For implemen- tation of these stresses, the entire simulation period should be used for calibration, or constraints have to be implemented to obtain realistic results.Water ResourcesWater ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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