18 research outputs found
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary care pediatric hospital
No full textBackground and aim: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of prolonged hospital stay. This study was conducted to assess the incidence, causative organisms and risk factors of HAIs in pediatric patients.
Subjects and methods: Our study was a prospective evaluation of Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in patients admitted to Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt over a period of one year.
Results: Five-hundred twenty-nine patients were included in the study. The overall rate of HAI was 5.2/100 admissions. Infection rates were highest in Pediatric ICU (25.9/100 admissions). The most frequent sites of HAI in our study were BSI (154 cultures; 33.3%), UTI (152 cultures; 32.9%), and VAP (90 cultures;19.5%). Gram negative bacteria were the most common bacteria isolated from positive cultures (47.6% of total 462 positive cultures) and were found to be multidrug resistant bacteria. A high prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found. Candida species were the commonest pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Mechanical ventilation, invasive device utilization, neonatal age, neutropenia, ICU residence and hospital stay for > 7 days were the risk factors significantly associated with HAI in our hospital. We found also, multiple antibiotic therapy usage, beta lactam usage, and ICU residence to be significant risk factors for infection by multidrug resistant pathogens.
Conclusion: HAI is a significant problem. We recommend further nationwide multicenter studies to identify the commonest infectious pathogens, antibiotic resistance pattern, and to identify risk factors and pattern of antibiotic usage to overcome multidrug resistance
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary care pediatric hospital
No full textPrevalence of community acquired infections in down syndrome children: a single center study
No full textPhysico-mechanical properties and bacterial adhesion of resin composite CAD/CAM blocks: An in-vitro study
No full textBACKGROUND: The recent introduction of CAD/CAM technology has been strongly impacting the workflow in dental clinics and labs. Among the used CAD/CAM materials, resin composite CAD/CAM blocks offer several advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-mechanical properties and bacterial adhesion of a recently introduced nanoceramic hybrid material (Grandio Blocs) comparing it to a nanoceramic CAD/CAM material (Lava Ultimate). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 82 specimens were prepared; 41 specimens from each material. For flexural strength testing, bar shaped specimens were sectioned from each material and flexural strength was evaluated using a three point bending test. For surface hardness, specimens with 2 mm thickness were prepared, polished and tested using Vickers micro-hardness tester. For wear evaluation, specimens were tested in a block on ring tribometer and the amount of weight loss was determined. A stylus profilometer was used to evaluate the surface roughness of disc shaped specimens in three directions. For the bacterial adhesion, the same specimens from the roughness test were used to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of each material after incubation for 24 hours. The correlation between surface roughness and bacterial adhesion was also investigated. RESULTS: The nano-ceramic hybrid CAD/CAM material exhibited significantly higher flexural strength and surface hardness than the nano-ceramic CAD/CAM material. It also showed significantly lower surface roughness and surface bacterial adhesion and lower wear that was not significantly different. A positive correlation was found between surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of both materials. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-ceramic hybrid CAD/CAM material showed better physico-mechanical properties compared to the nano-ceramic CAD/CAM material which could be attributed to the use of nanohybrid filler system and an enhanced resin matrix structure. Key words:CAD/CAM blocks, nano-ceramic hybrid, flexural strength, wear, surface hardness, surface roughness, bacterial adhesion
Prevalence of community acquired infections in down syndrome children: a single center study
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Ascitic Fluid Calprotectin and Serum Procalcitonin as Accurate Diagnostic Markers for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
No full textBackground/AimsThe diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is based on a polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) exceeding 250/μL in ascitic fluid. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum procalcitonin and ascitic fluid calprotectin as accurate diagnostic markers for detecting SBP.Methods : Seventy-nine patients with cirrhotic ascites were included. They were divided into a SBP group, including 52 patients, and a non-SBP group of 27 patients. Serum procalcitonin, ascitic calprotectin, and serum and ascitic levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results : Serum procalcitonin and ascitic calprotectin were significantly higher in SBP patients than in non-SBP patients. Significant increases in both serum and ascitic levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were observed in SBP patients versus non-SBP patients. At a cutoff value of 0.94 ng/mL, serum procalcitonin had 94.3% sensitivity and 91.8% specificity for detecting SBP. In addition, at a cutoff value of 445 ng/mL, ascitic calprotectin had 95.4% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for detecting SBP. Both were positively correlated with ascitic fluid proteins, PMN count, TNF-α, and IL-6.Conclusion : sAccording to our findings, determination of serum procalcitonin levels and ascitic calprotectin appears to provide satisfactory diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of SBP
Do we need to screen for de-novo diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C patients after a sustained virological response?
No full textMansoura simple scoring system for prediction of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: lesson learnt
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