22,441 research outputs found
CE Challenges: Work to Do
No full textCE has been used for more than two decades now. Despite many successes and advantages, there are still many challenges to be addressed. These challenges are both technical and organisational. In the paper we will address the current challenges of CE. Many challenges are related to the exchange of data and knowledge and to the systems that make data and knowledge exchange possible. Although much progress has been made in enabling extensive data and knowledge exchange and use, much remains to be wished. For example, there are still barriers to data exchange. Technically, these barriers may consist of different formats, differences in infrastructures and systems, and different semantics. There are also organisational and political barriers. For example, investment in information system may heavily impact upstream suppliers, while revenues of better information exchange may predominantly be gained by downstream actors. Without sharing costs and revenues, chain-wide information exchange will not be easily realised. Another barrier is the possible lack of willingness to share information, because of potential misuse of knowledge and loss of power. The paper is organised as follows. First we will describe the current manifestation of CE as described in a recent book. Second, we will list current trends in CE. Third, we will present some Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that are considered relevant for implementing and adapting CE practices. Last, we indicate some research and practical questions to be addressed, especially for areas that have a high potential and actual impact. </p
Synthesis optimization and charge carrier transfer mechanism in LiLuSiO<sub>4</sub>:Ce, Tm storage phosphor
No full textLiLuSiO4:Ce and LiLuSiO4:Ce, Tm show very efficient charge carrier storage properties upon beta irradiation after samples have received treatment in vacuum. They outperform the commercial storage phosphor BaFBr(I):Eu2+ in many aspects. The influence of the synthesis conditions, Ce and Tm concentration, nonstoichiometry and codoping with Ca, Hf, Al and Ge are reported. Based on the results of the synthesis optimization, thermoluminescence (TL) emission and TL excitation spectra a mechanism of charge carrier transfer, storage, and recombination during irradiation and thermal or optical readout is proposed.Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
Behavioral Observations of Ospreys Breeding at Fort Wainwright, Alaska
No full textThis study documents observations of breeding behavior at two Osprey Pandion haliaetus carolinensis nest sites discovered at Fort Wainwright, Alaska. We developed Osprey location criteria and behavior and activity classifications from observations in 2006 and 2007, and subsequently measured those behaviors and activities at those locations in 2008–10. Eleven separate observers documented breeding behavior in and around each nest site from 2008 to 2010 for a total of 858 hours. Ground-based behavioral observations by researchers from an enclosed vehicle minimized anthropogenic disturbance. This study provides quantitative and qualitative assessments of breeding behavior that includes incubation, brooding, nest defense, and interloper occurrences from 2008 to 2010 and describes breeding timelines, mean brood size, and productivity from 2006 to 2011. Female Ospreys incubated and brooded significantly more than male Ospreys. Behavioral data suggest that breeding adult females and male Ospreys have differing nest and nest area defensive priorities. Breeding timelines and behaviors documented in this study are similar to those described in the literature. This study provides the first account of breeding phenology and behavior for Ospreys in Interior Alaska.La présente étude fait état de l’observation du comportement reproducteur à deux sites de nidification de balbuzards pêcheurs Pandion haliaetus carolinensis découverts à Fort Wainwright, en Alaska. Nous avons élaboré des critères propres à l’emplacement de même que des classifications relatives aux comportements et aux activités des balbuzards pêcheurs à partir d’observations réalisées en 2006 et en 2007, après quoi nous avons mesuré ces comportements et ces activités à ces mêmes emplacements de 2008 à 2010. Onze observateurs distincts ont pris note des comportements reproducteurs à chaque site et près de chaque site de 2008 à 2010, ce qui a représenté 858 heures d’observation. Les observations du comportement au sol réalisées par les chercheurs à partir d’un véhicule fermé ont minimisé la perturbation anthropique. Cette étude permet d’obtenir des évaluations quantitatives et qualitatives du comportement reproducteur, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’incubation, la couvaison, la défense du nid et la présence d’intrus de 2008 à 2010. Elle décrit également les chronologies de reproduction, la taille moyenne de la nichée et la productivité de 2006 à 2011. Les balbuzards pêcheurs femelles incubaient et couvaient les oisillons beaucoup plus souvent que les balbuzards pêcheurs mâles. Les données relatives au comportement suggèrent que les femelles adultes reproductrices et les balbuzards pêcheurs mâles ont des priorités différentes pour ce qui est de la défense des nids et les environs des nids. Les chronologies et les comportements de reproduction cités dans cette étude sont semblables à ceux décrits dans diverses publications. Cette étude présente le premier recensement de la phénologie de reproduction et du comportement des balbuzards pêcheurs de l’intérieur de l’Alaska
The impact of P(NDI2OD-T2) crystalline domains on the open-circuit voltage of bilayer all-polymer solar cells with an inverted configuration
No full textWe fabricated P(NDI2OD-T2)/PTB7 bilayer all-polymer solar cells with an inverted configuration, where the annealing temperature was systematically varied. The current density-voltage behavior was investigated and the structural properties of the P(NDI2OD-T2) layers were characterized. Absorption spectroscopy, surface morphology, and crystallite analysis showed that increasing phase segregation of P(NDI2OD-T2) films occurred as the annealing temperature increased. We found that, as the P(NDI2OD-T2) stacking improved, with larger domains, the open-circuit voltage decreased and the saturation dark current density increased. This work provides a guide for the processing of P(NDI2OD-T2) layers to maximize the power conversion efficiency of all-polymer solar cells. (C) 2015 Author(s).open1186sciescopu
Data and code for: Variational Graph Author Topic Modeling
No full textThis is the tensorflow implementation of KDD-2022 paper "Variational Graph Author Topic Modeling" by Delvin Ce Zhang and Hady W. Lauw.
VGATM is a Graph Neural Network model that extracts interpretable topics for documents with authors and venues. Topics of documents then fulfill document classification, citation prediction, etc.
</p
Updated analytical solutions of continuity equation for electron beams precipitation – I. Pure collisional and pure ohmic energy losses
No full textWe present updated analytical solutions of continuity equations for power-law beam electrons precipitating in (a) purely collisional losses and (b) purely ohmic losses. The solutions of continuity equation (CE) normalized on electron density presented in Dobranskis & Zharkova are found by method of characteristics eliminating a mistake in the density characteristic pointed out by Emslie et al. The corrected electron beam differential densities (DD) for collisions are shown to have energy spectra with the index of −(γ + 1)/2, coinciding with the one derived from the inverse problem solution by Brown, while being lower by 1/2 than the index of −γ/2 obtained from CE for electron flux. This leads to a decrease of the index of mean electron spectra from −(γ − 2.5) (CE for flux) to −(γ − 2.0) (CE for electron density). The similar method is applied to CE for electrons precipitating in electric field induced by the beam itself. For the first time, the electron energy spectra are calculated for both constant and variable electric fields by using CE for electron density. We derive electron DD for precipitating electrons (moving towards the photosphere, μ = +1) and ‘returning’ electrons (moving towards the corona, μ = −1). The indices of DD energy spectra are reduced from −γ − 1 (CE for flux) to −γ (CE for electron density). While the index of mean electron spectra is increased by 0.5, from −γ + 0.5 (CE for flux) to −γ + 1(CE for electron density). Hard X-ray intensities are also calculated for relativistic cross-section for the updated differential spectra revealing closer resemblance to numerical Fokker–Planck (FP) solutions
Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages
No full textGenetic depletion of macrophages in Polyoma Middle T oncoprotein (PyMT)-induced mammary tumors in mice delayed the angiogenic switch and the progression to malignancy. To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) produced by tumor-associated macrophages regulated the onset of the angiogenic switch, a genetic approach was used to restore expression of VEGF-A into tumors at the benign stages. This stimulated formation of a high-density vessel network and in macrophage-depleted mice, was followed by accelerated tumor progression. The expression of VEGF-A led to a massive infiltration into the tumor of leukocytes that were mostly macrophages. This study suggests that macrophage-produced VEGF regulates malignant progression through stimulating tumor angiogenesis, leukocytic infiltration and tumor cell invasion
Introduction and Author Biographical Notes
No full textThe Introductory Notes include The Cutting EDge\u27s mission statement, editorial board, founder\u27s note, and author\u27s biographies
From the Editors and Author Biographical Notes
No full textLetter from the Editors and Author Biographical Note
Surface modification with MK-2 organic dye in a ZnO/P3HT hybrid solar cell: Impact on device performance
No full textThe photovoltaic performance of a hybrid ZnO/P3HT heterojunction was improved by modifying the device surface with the MK-2 dye. This organic dye enhanced the compatibility between the polymer and the metal oxide, increased the exciton separation efficiency, and improved the molecular ordering in the charge transport network. The resulting device displayed a substantial enhancement in the photocurrent, open circuit voltage, and fill factor, leading to a 12-fold increase in the power conversion efficiency relative to the unmodified device, from 0.13% to 1.53%. (C) 2014 Author(s).open1145sciescopu
- …
